{"id":7880,"date":"2020-03-15T02:07:30","date_gmt":"2020-03-14T23:07:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lekolin.org\/goc-zoraki-iskan-ve-kurdistandaki-demografik-yapinin-degistirilmesi-6\/"},"modified":"2020-03-15T02:07:30","modified_gmt":"2020-03-14T23:07:30","slug":"goc-zoraki-iskan-ve-kurdistandaki-demografik-yapinin-degistirilmesi-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/goc-zoraki-iskan-ve-kurdistandaki-demografik-yapinin-degistirilmesi-6\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6\u00e7, zoraki isk\u00e2n ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki demografik yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi-6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>29 Aral\u0131k 2016 Per\u015fembe Saat 05:23<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"detail content_14\" id=\"text_detail\">\n<div class=\"newsImage\">\n<b>K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bir fiil g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanan K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda da g\u00f6\u00e7 ve iskan politikalar\u0131na nas\u0131l maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tarihsel analizi bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u2018isyan\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bahanelerle K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 K\u00fcrt halk\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma politikalar\u0131n\u0131n resmiyete kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve \u2018Elimi K\u00fcrt kan\u0131na bulamam\u2019 diyenlerin sava\u015f yanl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tasfiyesi<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5076-1.jpg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p class=\" \">\u00a0<strong>Bakur\u00ea K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da G\u00f6\u00e7 ve \u0130skan Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \"><strong>T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Kurulu\u015f A\u015famas\u0131ndaki G\u00f6\u00e7 ve \u0130skan<br \/>\nPolitikalar\u0131 (1920 ile 1940 aras\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015funa do\u011fru giderken olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir<br \/>\ns\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusuydu. 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda resmen Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funun iktidar\u0131na el<br \/>\nkoyan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, Almanlarla birlikte I. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda yenilgiyle \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131<br \/>\nsonucu Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu yenilgiden hemen sonra<br \/>\n\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fta gelen \u00f6nderlerinden Enver, Talat ve Cemal Pa\u015falar\u0131n \u00fclkeyi<br \/>\nb\u0131rak\u0131p ka\u00e7malar\u0131 ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zor durumda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yarat\u0131lan bu<br \/>\nbo\u015flu\u011fu daha alt d\u00fczeyde yer alan kadrolardan Mustafa Kemal devral\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc,<br \/>\nMustafa Kemal\u2019in sahip oldu\u011fu ili\u015fki a\u011f\u0131 konumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyordu. K\u00fcrdistan bu<br \/>\nd\u00f6nemde olduk\u00e7a stratejik d\u00fczeyde \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da itilaf<br \/>\ndevletlerinin i\u015fgal hareketlerine kar\u015f\u0131, kendili\u011finden geli\u015fen direni\u015f<br \/>\nhareketleri s\u00f6z konusudur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, K\u00fcrtlerin deste\u011fi al\u0131nmadan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclecek<br \/>\nulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu durum Mustafa<br \/>\nKemal\u2019in rol\u00fcn\u00fc olduk\u00e7a belirgin hale getirecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Mustafa Kemal, 1916<br \/>\ny\u0131l\u0131nda Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da 16. Orduda g\u00f6revli iken bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nde gelen K\u00fcrt<br \/>\n\u015fahsiyetlerle iyi ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015ftur. Nitekim bunlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7<br \/>\nduydu\u011funda \u00f6rne\u011fin, Cemil Pa\u015fazade Kas\u0131m Beye bir telgraf g\u00f6ndererek i\u015fgalci<br \/>\ng\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte hareket etmelerini talep eder. Cemil Pa\u015fazade Kas\u0131m Bey,<br \/>\nsadece kendisinin de\u011fil di\u011fer K\u00fcrt \u00f6nde gelenleriyle de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek M. Kemal\u2019in<br \/>\nbu talebine olumlu cevap verir. Bu destek M. Kemal\u2019in konumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fi<br \/>\ngibi, i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 verilecek m\u00fccadelede daha kararl\u0131 ve inan\u00e7l\u0131<br \/>\nhareket etmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan gelen bu destek M. Kemal\u2019in<br \/>\nrol\u00fcn\u00fc belirgin bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum daha somut bir bi\u00e7imde<br \/>\n23 Temmuz-7 A\u011fustos 1919 tarihleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Erzurum Kongresiyle ete<br \/>\nkemi\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu kongre Mondros ate\u015fkesiyle itilaf devletlerine resmen teslim<br \/>\nolmu\u015f iradenin tan\u0131nmamas\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131 ulusal kurtulu\u015f iradesinin beyan<br \/>\nedilmesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Yani ulusal Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n stard\u0131 Erzurum<br \/>\nKongresiyle verildi. Kongre\u2019ye kat\u0131lan delegelerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun K\u00fcrt ileri<br \/>\ngelen \u015fahsiyetlerinin olmas\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin bu sava\u015ftaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klar<br \/>\nnitelikteydi. Erzurum kongresi K\u00fcrtler ile T\u00fcrklerin ortak vatan \u00fczerine varm\u0131\u015f<br \/>\nolduklar\u0131 ittifakt\u0131. \u201cTBMM\u2019nin ilk bile\u015fimi bu ittifak\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yans\u0131t\u0131r\u2026 1921<br \/>\nTe\u015fkilat\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu\u2019yla (TC\u2019nin ilk anayasas\u0131) K\u00fcrt unsurunun e\u015fitli\u011fi<br \/>\ngaranti alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131yor. 10 \u015eubat 1922 tarihli K\u00fcrt \u00d6zerklik Yasas\u0131\u2019yla<br \/>\nkar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcven peki\u015ftiriliyor.  (44) Bu derecede stratejik d\u00fczeyde \u00f6nem<br \/>\nkazanan K\u00fcrdistan halk\u0131n\u0131n taleplerini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek demek, ba\u015fta verilecek<br \/>\nolan sava\u015f\u0131n kaybedilmesi anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Ama K\u00fcrtlerin talepleri \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131<br \/>\nzihniyetin olu\u015fturmak istedi\u011fi yapay ulus devletini do\u011fal\u0131nda reddediyordu.<br \/>\nAyr\u0131ca K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ki a\u015firet \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve toplumsal yap\u0131 ulus-devlet<br \/>\nzihniyetiyle uyu\u015fmuyordu. Bu durum ittihat\u00e7\u0131 ulus-devlet zihniyeti \u00f6n\u00fcnde ciddi<br \/>\nbir engel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>24 Temmuz<br \/>\n1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Lozan anla\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmak istenen ulus-devlet<br \/>\nbi\u00e7imi netlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u00fcrtler ihanete u\u011fram\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Hemen<br \/>\nakabinde 20 Nisan 1924\u2019te ikinci Anayasan\u0131n mecliste kabul edilmesiyle bu<br \/>\nihanet durumu devlet nezdinde resmi bir belgeye kavu\u015fturulmu\u015f olur. 1924<br \/>\nAnayasas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan komisyonun kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7ede \u015f\u00f6yle deniyordu:<br \/>\n\u201cDevletimiz milli bir devlettir. \u00c7ok milletli bir devlet de\u011fildir. Devlet<br \/>\nT\u00fcrk\u2019ten ba\u015fka millet tan\u0131maz. Millet dahilinde e\u015fit hak ve hukuka sahip olmas\u0131<br \/>\ngereken ve ba\u015fka \u0131rktan gelen kimseler de vard\u0131r. Fakat bunlara da \u0131rki<br \/>\ndurumlar\u0131na uygun olarak haklar tan\u0131mak veya bu anlama gelecek s\u00f6zler etmek<br \/>\ncaiz de\u011fildir.  Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na alan 1921\u2019de<br \/>\n\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu b\u00f6ylelikle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkm\u0131\u015f oluyordu.<br \/>\nK\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in t\u00fcm bu uygulamalar ve yeni anayasa ilerde uygulanacak olan<br \/>\nkatliam, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131n rahatl\u0131kla uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in<br \/>\nzemin haz\u0131rlama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. Yeni kurulan Cumhuriyetin yumu\u015fak karn\u0131 K\u00fcrt<br \/>\nsorunuydu. Ne olursa olsun K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ad\u0131na ortada bir \u015fey kalmamal\u0131yd\u0131, bu<br \/>\ndevletin bekas\u0131 i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz \u015fartt\u0131. <\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Bu projenin ba\u015f mimar\u0131 ve pratik uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc<br \/>\nve Fevzi \u00c7akmak olacaklard\u0131. Nitekim \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Ba\u015fbakan s\u0131fat\u0131yla meclise,<br \/>\nh\u00fck\u00fbmete ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler veren Takrir-i S\u00fck\u00fbn Kanunu ile Kas\u0131m 1924<br \/>\nortalar\u0131nda dinsel gericilik tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim il\u00e2n edilmesini<br \/>\nister. Ancak Meclis&#8217;te bu iste\u011fini kabul ettiremeyince istifa eder. Yerine<br \/>\nFethi Okyar ge\u00e7er. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc istifa etmi\u015f ama emellerinden vaz ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nOnun i\u00e7in 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Meclise onaylatmak i\u00e7in bu sefer<br \/>\n\u015eark Islahat plan\u0131 getirilir. Bu planda meclis taraf\u0131ndan reddedilir. Ayr\u0131ca<br \/>\nd\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 olan Fethi Okyar \u201cBen elimi K\u00fcrt kan\u0131na bula\u015ft\u0131rmam  der.<br \/>\n\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, K\u00fcrtleri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtabilirse inisiyatifi ele ge\u00e7irebilece\u011fini \u00e7ok iyi<br \/>\nbilmektedir. 13 \u015eubat 1925 tarihinde \u015eeyh Sait k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131larak isyan ettirilince<br \/>\nFethi Okyar \u201cBen elimi K\u00fcrt kan\u0131na bula\u015ft\u0131rmam  dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in istifa ettirilir ve<br \/>\nyerine Ba\u015fbakan olarak \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ge\u00e7er. Ba\u015fbakan olduktan bir g\u00fcn sonra 4<br \/>\nMart 1925 tarihinde Takrir-i S\u00fck\u00fbn Kanunu meclisten ge\u00e7irilir. Biri isyan<br \/>\nb\u00f6lgesinde di\u011feri yurdun geri kalan b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere iki \u0130stiklal<br \/>\nMahkemesi kurulur. Ordu hemen isyan b\u00f6lgesine do\u011fru harekete ge\u00e7irilir. Hemen<br \/>\nertesinde Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da kurulan gezici istiklal mahkemesince Seyit Abdulkadir<br \/>\nve \u015eeyh Sait ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere 48 ki\u015fi idam edilir. Onlarca ki\u015fi de \u00e7e\u015fitli<br \/>\ncezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu isyan\u0131n ortada hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yokken \u00e7ok kanl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde<br \/>\nbast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, elbette b\u00f6lgede \u00e7\u0131kan rahats\u0131zl\u0131klardan kaynakl\u0131 bir durum<br \/>\nde\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fin arkas\u0131nda daha kapsaml\u0131 hesaplar vard\u0131r. K\u00fcrd\u00fc tekrardan<br \/>\nsoyk\u0131r\u0131m, ink\u00e2r ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131n cenderesine almak vard\u0131r. \u201cLozan<br \/>\nAntla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131yla yeni bir a\u015famaya girilir.<br \/>\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n olu\u015fturulmak istenen Irak temelinde par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00eenin<br \/>\na\u00e7\u0131k ihlalidir. Bu geli\u015fme TBMM\u2019de ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck infiale yol<br \/>\na\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngilizlerle yap\u0131lan 5 Haziran 1926 tarihli bu anla\u015fma halen<br \/>\nkaranl\u0131kta b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok unsur ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r  K\u00fcrt soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7<br \/>\ntarihi olarak i\u015flemek \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu antla\u015fmayla K\u00fcrtlerle T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndaki<br \/>\ntarihsel uzla\u015fman\u0131n temeline dinamit konuldu\u011fu kesindir. 1925\u2019teki \u015eeyh Sait<br \/>\n\u00f6nderlikli isyan asl\u0131nda bu tarihsel ihaneti \u00f6rtbas etmek i\u00e7in hem provoke<br \/>\nedilmi\u015f, hem de anlams\u0131z yere \u00e7ok ac\u0131mas\u0131z ve kanl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n1925 y\u0131l\u0131 bu anlamda sadece isyan\u0131n de\u011fil, as\u0131l olarak komplonun, ihanetin ve<br \/>\nsoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihidir. Bunda belirleyici rol\u00fc \u0130ngiliz diplomasisi ve<br \/>\nYahudi unsurlar oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  (45) <\/p>\n<p class=\" \">\u015eeyh Sait \u0130syan\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan iki bu\u00e7uk ay sonra \u0130smet<br \/>\n\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc bir gazeteye vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu deme\u00e7te  \u201cVazifemiz T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 i\u00e7inde<br \/>\nbulunanlar\u0131 behemeh\u00e2l (derhal) T\u00fcrk yapmakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrklere ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe muhalefet<br \/>\nedecek anas\u0131r\u0131 [unsurlar\u0131] kesip ataca\u011f\u0131z. Vatana hizmet edeceklerde<br \/>\narayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z evsaf (nitelikler) her \u015feyden evvel o adam\u0131n T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc<br \/>\nolmas\u0131d\u0131r  (46) der. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in bundan sonra TC devletinin ne<br \/>\nifade etti\u011fini ve gidi\u015fat rotas\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyordu. \u0130smet<br \/>\n\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc \u015fahs\u0131nda tekrardan hortlayan bu \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 zihniyeti K\u00fcrtler \u00e7ok iyi<br \/>\ntan\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve zaten s\u00fcrekli ku\u015fkulu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusuydu. Bu zihniyet<br \/>\ndaha \u00f6nce Balkanlar\u2019da, sonras\u0131nda I. Payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131nda Almanlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer<br \/>\nalarak sava\u015ftan yenilgiyle \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na ve \u0130mparatorluk topraklar\u0131n\u0131n itilaf<br \/>\ndevletleri aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu. Koca bir imparatorluktan<br \/>\ngeriye kalan K\u00fcrdistan ve Anadolu topraklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar psikolojik<br \/>\nolarak toprak kayb\u0131 konusunda adeta paranoyak d\u00fczeyde sorun ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Onun<br \/>\ni\u00e7in elde kalan bu toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerinde, T\u00fcrk etnik yap\u0131s\u0131na dayal\u0131 zoraki<br \/>\nve yapay bir ulus-devlet olu\u015fturmay\u0131 stratejik d\u00fczeyde hedeflemi\u015flerdi. Onun<br \/>\ni\u00e7in \u201cMisak-\u0131 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131  denilen co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm dini ve etnik<br \/>\nyap\u0131lar\u0131 tek potada eriterek T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek gerekecekti. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar isk\u00e2n,<br \/>\ntehcir, asimilasyon, katliam vb. toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi gerektiren politikalar<br \/>\nkonusunda olduk\u00e7a uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ciddi anlamda kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 1913 ile<br \/>\n1916 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nce Anadolu ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da gayrim\u00fcslim olan Ermeni, Rum<br \/>\nve Asuri halklara kar\u015f\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 tehcir ve isk\u00e2n politikalar\u0131yla<br \/>\nmilyonlarca insan yerlerinden edilmi\u015f ve bir o kadar\u0131 da katledilerek,<br \/>\nkurulacak olan ulus-devlet s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehlikeden kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu<br \/>\ns\u00fcre i\u00e7inde K\u00fcrtlerde kendi paylar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni fazlas\u0131yla ald\u0131lar. Ama K\u00fcrtler ne<br \/>\nco\u011frafyalar\u0131ndan t\u00fcmden temizlenebildi ve ne de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan getirilen ba\u015fka etnik<br \/>\ngruplarla asimilasyonu tamamlanabildi. K\u00fcrtlerin geni\u015f ve da\u011fl\u0131k bir arazide<br \/>\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfusa ve isyanc\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sava\u015f<br \/>\nko\u015fullar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlere olan ihtiya\u00e7tan kaynakl\u0131, yar\u0131m kalan proje cumhuriyet<br \/>\nsonras\u0131na ertelenecektir. Cumhuriyet kurulduktan sonra \u201cMisak-I Milli<br \/>\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde uygulanacak olan T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnecek tek<br \/>\netnik yap\u0131 olarak K\u00fcrtler kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla devlet i\u00e7in tek tehlike<br \/>\nK\u00fcrtlerdi. S\u00f6z\u00fcm ona \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ve ekibi bu tehlikeyi bertaraf etmeye<br \/>\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u0130\u015fte bu tarihten sonra<br \/>\nK\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in yeni bir s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r art\u0131k.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Bunun i\u00e7in \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar yar\u0131m kalan<br \/>\nprojelerini -isk\u00e2n, tehcir, katliam ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131- esas olarak<br \/>\nbu d\u00f6nemde uygulayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">\u0130sk\u00e2n, tehcir, katliam ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131 daha<br \/>\nrahat hayata ge\u00e7irebilmek i\u00e7in \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda TBMM taraf\u0131ndan red<br \/>\nedilen \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ikinci defa 24 Eyl\u00fcl 1925 tarihinde meclis<br \/>\ng\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131r\u0131r. Ve bu plan Meclis\u2019te Kabul edilir. Bu plan K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131<br \/>\nba\u015ftan sona fethetmeyi ve ink\u00e2r etmeyi hedefliyordu. Plan\u2019\u0131n ilk maddesi zaten<br \/>\nher \u015feyi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. \u201cT\u00fcm Do\u011fu vilayetlerinde T.C. egemenli\u011fi tam tesis edilene<br \/>\nkadar plan uygulanacakt\u0131r.  Egemenlikten kas\u0131t Bakur\u00ea K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcmden<br \/>\nT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesidir. Plan h\u0131zla hayata ge\u00e7irilir. \u0130lk elden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken<br \/>\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki arazilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa devlet hazinesi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda el<br \/>\nkonulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan geriye kalan gayrimenkullerin K\u00fcrtlerin<br \/>\nelinden al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n demografik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesidir. Yine<br \/>\nasimilasyonun sonu\u00e7 vermesi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dilinin \u00f6\u011fretilmesi, K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin<br \/>\nyasaklanmas\u0131 bir elzem olarak duruyordu. Yukar\u0131daki uygulamalar\u0131n hayata<br \/>\nge\u00e7irilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u015fark \u0131slahat plan\u0131n\u0131n ilgili maddesinde \u015funlar ifade<br \/>\nediliyordu  \u201cVan \u015fehri ile Midyat aras\u0131ndaki hatt\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ermenilerden<br \/>\nbo\u015falt\u0131lan arazilere T\u00fcrk muhacirleri yerle\u015ftirilecektir. Bunun i\u00e7in bu plan<br \/>\ndahilindeki vilayette bulunan Ermenilerden ele ge\u00e7irilen varl\u0131klar sat\u0131lmayacak<br \/>\nve hatta K\u00fcrtlere kiraya dahi verilmeyecektir. Yugoslavya\u2019dan gelen T\u00fcrk ve<br \/>\nArnavutlar ile \u0130ran ve Kafkasya\u2019dan gelecek olan g\u00f6\u00e7menler, \u00f6ncelikle Elaziz,<br \/>\nErgani, Diyar\u0131bekir, Elaziz &#8211; Palu &#8211; Ki\u011f\u0131, Palu &#8211; Mu\u015f aras\u0131ndaki Murat vadisi,<br \/>\nBing\u00f6l da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneyi ve H\u0131n\u0131s, Murat vadileri, Mu\u015f ovas\u0131, Van g\u00f6l\u00fc<br \/>\nhavzas\u0131, Diyar\u0131bekir &#8211; Garzan &#8211; Bitlis hatlar\u0131nda isk\u00e2n edilecektir. Bunlardan<br \/>\nba\u015fka Rize, Trabzon vilayetleriyle Erzurum vilayetinin kuzeydo\u011fu kazalar\u0131nda<br \/>\nyerle\u015fik yerel halktan insanlar da istemeleri ve \u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirmeleri<br \/>\nhalinde H\u0131n\u0131s \u00e7ay\u0131 ve Murat vadisine ve Van g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn kuzey m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131na<br \/>\nnakledilebileceklerdir. Do\u011fuya yerle\u015ftirilecek g\u00f6\u00e7menler ve yerli T\u00fcrklerin<br \/>\nisk\u00e2n edilecekleri m\u0131nt\u0131kalara kadar h\u00fck\u00fcmet bunlar\u0131n yol ia\u015feleri ve bir<br \/>\nsenelik ia\u015felerini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca evlerini in\u015fa edecek, hayvan ve ziraat<br \/>\nara\u00e7-gere\u00e7lerini de kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrk muhacirinin yerle\u015ftirilece\u011fi Ermeni<br \/>\nm\u00fclklerini ne sebeple olursa olsun ellerinde tutan K\u00fcrtler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak<br \/>\ngeldikleri eski yerlerine g\u00f6nderilecek veya istemeleri halinde Bat\u0131\u2019da<br \/>\nh\u00fck\u00fcmetin g\u00f6sterece\u011fi mahallere nakledilmeleri sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu<br \/>\nm\u0131nt\u0131kalara yerle\u015ftirilecek T\u00fcrklerin, K\u00fcrtlerin taarruzundan korunmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in<br \/>\n\u00f6zel tedbirler al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda en fazla 50 bin n\u00fcfus sevk ve isk\u00e2n<br \/>\nedilecektir. 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Yugoslavya, Bulgaristan, Kafkasya ve<br \/>\nAzerbaycan\u2019dan be\u015f y\u00fcz bin g\u00f6\u00e7men getirilip Do\u011fuya yerle\u015ftirilecektir.  S\u00f6z<br \/>\nkonusu olan 50 bin n\u00fcfusun K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a iskan\u0131, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik illerinde<br \/>\nki di\u011fer etnik topluluklara bak\u0131larak anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde K\u00fcrtlerin<br \/>\nAnadolu\u2019nun i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesi daha yo\u011funluklu ve daha kalabal\u0131k<br \/>\nn\u00fcfuslar \u015feklinde olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki a\u015firet \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve toplumsal<br \/>\nyap\u0131y\u0131 sindirip da\u011f\u0131tmadan bulunduklar\u0131 co\u011frafyadan koparman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn<br \/>\nolmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi biliyorlard\u0131. \u0130stenilen demografik de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin<br \/>\nyap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle a\u015firet \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fcklerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi.<br \/>\nBu d\u00f6nemde deyim yerindeyse K\u00fcrdistan alan\u0131 ba\u015ftan sona do\u011fru fethedilmeli ve<br \/>\nt\u00fcmden T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmeliydi. Bunun i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6nce direnebilecek olan kesimlerin<br \/>\niradesi k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p teslim al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve daha sonra toplumsall\u0131klar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131.<br \/>\nBuda katliamdan geriye kalanlar\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fenin g\u00f6\u00e7 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olmas\u0131 demekti.<br \/>\nBu yap\u0131l\u0131rsa ancak asimilasyon politikas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fabilir. Onun i\u00e7in<br \/>\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bu \u201ctemizlik operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n  rahat yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u201cDin\u00ee ve<br \/>\netnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecinde [47] otoriteyi sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak<br \/>\namac\u0131yla TBMM 1164 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 25 Haziran 1927 tarihli kanunu \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu kanuna<br \/>\ng\u00f6re kurulan umumi m\u00fcfetti\u015fliklerin geni\u015f y\u00f6netsel, asker\u00ee ve yarg\u0131sal<br \/>\nyetkileri vard\u0131. 1 Ocak 1928 tarihinde Diyarbak\u0131r, El\u00e2z\u0131\u011f, Urfa, Bitlis, Van,<br \/>\nHakk\u00e2ri, Siirt ve Mardin illerini kapsayan ve merkezi Diyarbak\u0131r&#8217;da bulunan<br \/>\nBirinci Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik kuruldu.[48]Ve Trakya&#8217;da ya\u015fanan pogromlardan \u00f6nce 19<br \/>\n\u015eubat 1934 tarihinde, K\u0131rklareli, Edirne, Tekirda\u011f ve \u00c7anakkale illerini<br \/>\nkapsayan ve merkezi Edirne&#8217;de bulunan \u0130kinci Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik kuruldu. [49] 25<br \/>\nA\u011fustos 1935 tarihinde A\u011fr\u0131, Kars, Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, Erzincan<br \/>\nve Erzurum illerini kapsayan ve merkezi Erzurum&#8217;da bulunan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Umumi<br \/>\nM\u00fcfetti\u015flik kuruldu[50][51]. 6 Haziran 1936 tarihinde tarih\u00ee Dersim B\u00f6lgesini<br \/>\n(Tunceli, Elaz\u0131\u011f ve Bing\u00f6l) kapsayan ve merkezi Elaz\u0131\u011f&#8217;da bulunan D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc<br \/>\nUmumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik kuruldu ve Umumi m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fe Korgeneral Abdullah Alpdo\u011fan<br \/>\natand\u0131 [52]. 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc umumi m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na getirilen<br \/>\nKorgeneral Abdullah Alpdo\u011fan, mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131 imzalamaya, d\u00fczeni ve<br \/>\ng\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda ilde ya\u015fayan ki\u015fileri<br \/>\nve aileleri, il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bir yerden bir ba\u015fka yere g\u00f6ndermeye ve il<br \/>\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde oturmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamaya da yetkiliydi.  Ola\u011fan \u00fcst\u00fc<br \/>\nyetkilerle donat\u0131lan bu m\u00fcfetti\u015flikler K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131<br \/>\ndo\u011frultusunda her t\u00fcr keyfi uygulamaya yetkileri vard\u0131. Katliam, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, talan,<br \/>\ngasp ve devlet ad\u0131na her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el koyma bu politikalar\u0131n ba\u015fta<br \/>\ngelenleriydi. Do\u011fal k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ya\u015fam\u0131yla K\u00fcrtl\u00fckte \u0131srar edeni bekleyen bu<br \/>\nuygulamalar devlet nezdinde me\u015fruydu. Deyim yerindeyse K\u00fcrdistan bu d\u00f6nemde<br \/>\ne\u015fk\u0131ya kanunuyla y\u00f6netilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n<p class=\" \">24 Eyl\u00fcl 1925\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131 ile, 25<br \/>\nHaziran 1927\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan m\u00fcfetti\u015flik kurulu plan\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde 1925\u2019ten<br \/>\n1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da \u00f6ncelikle \u201csorunlu b\u00f6lgelere  askeri<br \/>\noperasyonlar ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fcrt ink\u00e2r ve imha operasyonlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrtler<br \/>\nhaz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakalan\u0131rlar. Bu d\u00f6nemde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ya\u015fanan isyanlar\u0131n as\u0131l sebebi,<br \/>\nT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131 temelinde dayat\u0131lan asimilasyon ve demografik yap\u0131n\u0131n<br \/>\nzorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrt ileri gelenlerinin ve halk\u0131n<br \/>\ntepkisidir. TC\u2019nin ulus devlet yap\u0131s\u0131yla uyu\u015fmayan, K\u00fcrdistan toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131<br \/>\nve a\u015firet \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok planl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirilen<br \/>\nimha, inkar ve tasfiye hareketleridir. Bu hareketlere kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen isyanlar\u0131<br \/>\ngerici isyanlar olarak lanse edip i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f kamuoyunu yan\u0131ltarak K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131<br \/>\nulus-devlet yap\u0131s\u0131na entegre etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yani asimilasyon ve ink\u00e2r<br \/>\npolitikalar\u0131 ekseninde geli\u015ftirilen uygulamalar olmu\u015ftur. Devlet bu<br \/>\noperasyonlar esnas\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 t\u00fcmden kapsayacak bir harek\u00e2t\u0131 g\u00f6ze<br \/>\nalamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, belirli aral\u0131klarla farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 alanlara silah toplama veya a\u015firet<br \/>\nileri gelenlerin ailece s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerini g\u00fcndeme alarak belirlenen m\u0131nt\u0131kalara<br \/>\naskeri operasyon ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu uygulamalar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir K\u00fcrt a\u015firetinin kabul<br \/>\netmeyeceklerini \u00e7ok iyi bildikleri i\u00e7in b\u00f6ylesi y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvurarak<br \/>\na\u015firetleri isyana provoke etmi\u015flerdir. S\u0131rayla  Ko\u00e7giri isyan\u0131 (6 Mart-17<br \/>\nHaziran 1921), \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131 (13 \u015eubat-31 Mart 1925), Beyt\u00fc\u015f\u015febap<br \/>\nayaklanmas\u0131 (3 Eyl\u00fcl 1924), Ra\u00e7kotan ve Raman ayaklanmas\u0131 (9-12 A\u011fustos 1925),<br \/>\nSason Ayaklanmas\u0131 (1925-1937), Ko\u00e7u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ayaklanmas\u0131 (7 Ekim-30 Kas\u0131m 1926),<br \/>\nMutki Ayaklanmas\u0131 (26 May\u0131s-25 A\u011fustos 1927), Bicar Ayaklanmas\u0131 (7 Ekim-17<br \/>\nKas\u0131m 1927), Ali Resul Ayaklanmas\u0131 (22 May\u0131s-3 A\u011fustos 1929), Tend\u00fcrek harek\u00e2t\u0131<br \/>\n(14 Eyl\u00fcl- 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1929), Savur harek\u00e2t\u0131 (20 May\u0131s- 9 Haziran 1930), Zilan<br \/>\nharek\u00e2t\u0131 ( 20 Haziran-Eyl\u00fcl 1930), Oramar harek\u00e2t\u0131 (16 Temmuz-10 Ekim 1930),<br \/>\nP\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcr harek\u00e2t\u0131 (8 Ekim-14 Kas\u0131m 1930), A\u011fr\u0131 \u0130syan\u0131 (16 May\u0131s 1926-25 Eyl\u00fcl<br \/>\n1930), Dersim \u0130syan\u0131 (20 Mart 1937-Aral\u0131k 1938). Her isyan sonras\u0131 bir\u00e7ok<br \/>\nyerle\u015fim birimi yerle bir edilmi\u015f, y\u00fczlerce insan katledilmi\u015f ve binlercesi<br \/>\ns\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrk devleti bu d\u00f6nemde eli silahl\u0131 olan<br \/>\nisyanc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil sivil insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve katletmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrtler<br \/>\nise yerlerinden ve yurtlar\u0131ndan olmamak ve katliamdan ge\u00e7memek i\u00e7in<br \/>\ndirenmi\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde asl\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan \u00f6yle bir hale getirilir ki burada<br \/>\nya\u015famak her an \u00f6l\u00fcmle burun buruna gelmek demektir. K\u00fcrdistan, K\u00fcrtler<br \/>\na\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ya\u015fan\u0131lmaz bir hale getirilerek K\u00fcrtlerin K\u00fcrtl\u00fckten ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan<br \/>\nveba gibi ka\u00e7acaklar\u0131 bir yer haline getirmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu<br \/>\nuygulamalarla asimilasyonun zemini haz\u0131rlan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Belli ba\u015fl\u0131 isyanlarda ise Ko\u00e7giri, \u015eeyh Sait, Sason<br \/>\nAyaklanmas\u0131, Bicar ayaklanmas\u0131, A\u011fr\u0131 ve Dersim isyan\u0131na y\u00f6nelim daha kapsaml\u0131<br \/>\nolmu\u015ftur. Ko\u00e7giri isyan\u0131nda  Topal Osman taraf\u0131ndan 500\u2019den fazla insan<br \/>\nkatledilir, yerle\u015fim birimleri yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r, 32 a\u015firet reisi teslim al\u0131n\u0131r.<br \/>\nDaha sonra Sivas S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim Mahkemesi Ali\u015fan Bey, Haydar Bey, Ali\u015fer Bey ve<br \/>\nZarife ile ayr\u0131ca 95 isyanc\u0131y\u0131 idama, 180 isyanc\u0131y\u0131 ise 5 y\u0131l ile m\u00fcebbet hapis<br \/>\naras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen cezalara mahk\u00fbm eder. \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131nda  Seyit Abdulkadir ve<br \/>\n\u015eeyh Sait ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere 48 ki\u015fi idam edilir. Onlarca ki\u015fi de \u00e7e\u015fitli<br \/>\ncezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130syan sonras\u0131 b\u00f6lgede temizlik operasyonlar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, halktan<br \/>\nolaylara kar\u0131\u015fanlar tespit edilir ve b\u00f6lgede silahlar toplan\u0131r. Ayaklanma<br \/>\nsonucunda 206 k\u00f6y ve 8758 evin y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 15 ile 20 bin aras\u0131nda ki\u015finin de<br \/>\n\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7iyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bir\u00e7ok ayd\u0131n ve yurtseverde bat\u0131<br \/>\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Sason ayaklanmas\u0131nda  T\u00fcrk ordusu 1932, 1935, 1936 ve 1937<br \/>\ny\u0131llar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt sefer operasyon d\u00fczenler, bu operasyonlar sonucunda<br \/>\nbas\u0131lan k\u00f6ylerin \u00e7o\u011fu yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. Toplamda 430 ki\u015fi katledilir. Bicar<br \/>\nayaklanmas\u0131  harek\u00e2t Diyarbak\u0131r, Silvan, Mu\u015f, Hazro, Lice, Kulp, Gen\u00e7, Hani,<br \/>\nPalu, Maden ve \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. Bu harek\u00e2t s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k<br \/>\n\u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fan\u0131r. Harek\u00e2t sonucunda resmi rakamlara g\u00f6re 280 k\u00f6y yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,<br \/>\n2000\u2019in \u00fczerinde insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. A\u011fr\u0131 isyanlar\u0131nda  isyan\u0131n oldu\u011fu<br \/>\nb\u00f6lgede binlerce k\u00f6y yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r, binlerce insan katledilir ve yakla\u015f\u0131k<br \/>\nolarak 1400 ailede s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir ve \u00e7o\u011funun yollarda katledildi\u011fi<br \/>\ns\u00f6ylenir. \u201cBu harek\u00e2t s\u0131ras\u0131nda 12 Temmuz 1930 veya 13 Temmuz 1930&#8217;da Zilan<br \/>\nOlaylar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131r ve A\u011fr\u0131 eteklerindeki k\u00f6yler tamamen yak\u0131l\u0131rken, ahalisi<br \/>\nErci\u015f&#8217;e sevk ve isk\u00e2n edilir. Zilan harek\u00e2t\u0131nda imha edilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 15.000<br \/>\nkadard\u0131r.&#8221;(53-54) O d\u00f6nemdeki \u0130ngiliz D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri kaynaklar\u0131 Erci\u015f ve Zilan<br \/>\nolaylar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 ifade ediyor  \u201cBirle\u015fik Krall\u0131k D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na<br \/>\nait rapor, Erci\u015f ve Zilan yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 silahl\u0131 adam ve<br \/>\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturan silahl\u0131 olmayan sivillere kar\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<br \/>\naktarmaktad\u0131r. (55)<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Dersim\u2019e y\u00f6nelim ise<br \/>\ndaha kapsaml\u0131 ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. \u201cJandarma Umum Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dersim adl\u0131<br \/>\nkitab\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin \u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Kaya\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa verdi\u011fi 18. 11.<br \/>\n1931 tarihli raporunun ek b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Lahika ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi<br \/>\nverilmektedir. Bu ek, daha o tarihte (1931), haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<br \/>\ntakiben Dersim\u2019de kimlerin nerelere s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve isk\u00e2n edilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin olarak<br \/>\nBa\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa sunulmu\u015f bir pland\u0131r. Burada yakla\u015f\u0131k doksan a\u015firetten 347 \u00f6nde<br \/>\ngelen ailenin (3470 ki\u015fi) Bat\u0131\u2019ya ve Trakya\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc, bunlardan 72 ailenin<br \/>\nTekirda\u011f\u2019a, 38 ailenin Edirne\u2019ye, 56 ailenin K\u0131rklareli\u2019ne, 65 ailenin<br \/>\nBal\u0131kesir\u2019e, 73 ailenin Manisa\u2019ya ve 34 ailenin de \u0130zmir\u2019e isk\u00e2n\u0131 \u00f6neriliyor.<br \/>\nNakliye masraf\u0131 ve g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 bile saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  Dersim\u2019de zehirli gazlar<br \/>\nkullan\u0131l\u0131r, u\u00e7aklarla her taraf bombard\u0131man alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r, karadan ise on<br \/>\nbinlerce askerle kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 demeden yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 50 bin, kimi<br \/>\nde\u011fi\u015fik kaynaklara g\u00f6re 90 binden daha fazla insan katledilir.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>206 k\u00f6y yak\u0131l\u0131r 8758 ev y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r ve binlerce<br \/>\ninsan bat\u0131 illerine s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Aileleri t\u00fcmden imha olan \u00e7ocuklara devlet<br \/>\ntaraf\u0131ndan el konularak bat\u0131ya T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kemalist ailelere<br \/>\nevlatl\u0131k verilir. Daha sonra 10 y\u0131l boyunca Dersim\u2019e giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar<br \/>\nyasaklat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te asimilasyon programlar\u0131na h\u0131z verilerek Dersim<br \/>\ntamam\u0131yla K\u00fcrtl\u00fckten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmak istenilir. <\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Bu arada K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 tamam\u0131yla T\u00fcrk ulus-devlet yap\u0131s\u0131na<br \/>\nentegre edebilmek i\u00e7in K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n genelinde K\u00fcrt\u00e7e dili yasa\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\nKendi anadillerinden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir dili konu\u015fmay\u0131 bilmeyen insanlara kendi<br \/>\ntopraklar\u0131 ve toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bilmedi\u011fi yabanc\u0131 bir dil ile konu\u015fma<br \/>\ndayat\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00f6y\u00fcnde, mahallesinde, evinde ve \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131da konu\u015fulan her K\u00fcrt\u00e7e kelime<br \/>\nkar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda o d\u00f6nemin paras\u0131na g\u00f6re 5 kuru\u015f ceza kesilir. Kendi anadilinden<br \/>\nba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir dili konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyen bir topluma b\u00f6ylesi bir yasak getirmek o<br \/>\ntoplumun t\u00fcmden susmas\u0131 yani lal bir toplum haline gelmesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<br \/>\nK\u00fcrt toplumuna ya lal olmay\u0131 se\u00e7 yada T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fren dayatmas\u0131ndan<br \/>\nba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir maddesi de bu yasaklamaya<br \/>\ng\u00f6ndermede bulunuyordu. Bak\u0131n ne diyor  \u201cMalatya, Elaziz, Diyar\u0131bekir, Bitlis,<br \/>\nVan, Mu\u015f, Urfa, Ergani, Hozat, Erci\u015f, Adilcevaz, Ahlat, Palu, \u00c7arsancak,<br \/>\n\u00c7emi\u015fkezek, Ovac\u0131k, H\u0131sn\u0131mansur (Ad\u0131yaman), Behisni, Arga, Hekimhan, Birecik,<br \/>\n\u00c7ermik vilayet ve kaza merkezlerinde h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve belediye dairelerinde ve sair<br \/>\nm\u00fcesseste ve te\u015fkilatta, mekteplerde, \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazarlarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019den ba\u015fka dil<br \/>\nkullananlar h\u00fck\u00fcmet emirlerine ve belediyeye muhalif ve mukavemet etmek<br \/>\nsu\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar.  Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde baz\u0131 \u00f6zel kanunlarla K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da<br \/>\ndevlet kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda g\u00f6reve alacak hi\u00e7bir memurun yerli yani K\u00fcrt<br \/>\nolmamas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilir. B\u00f6ylelikle devletin herhangi bir kurulu\u015fuyla-<br \/>\nhastaneler, sa\u011fl\u0131k ocaklar\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretmenler, hakimler, savc\u0131lar vs.- ili\u015fkilenen<br \/>\nherkes T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011frenilmeye zorlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p class=\" \"><strong>Yar\u0131n: 1940 ile 1970 Aras\u0131 Uygulanan G\u00f6\u00e7 ve \u0130skan<br \/>\nPolitikalar\u0131 \/ 1970 ile 2000 Aras\u0131 Uygulanan G\u00f6\u00e7 ve \u0130skan Politikalar\u0131 \/ 2000<br \/>\nile 2016 Aras\u0131 Uygulanan G\u00f6\u00e7 Ve \u0130skan Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \"><strong>G\u00f6\u00e7 Dosyas\u0131-Abdullah \u00d6calan Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \"><strong>K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \"><strong>www.lekolin.com &#8211; www.lekolin.org &#8211; www.lekolin.net \u2013<br \/>\nwww.lekolin.info -www.navendalekolin.com -http:\/\/kursam.org\/index.html<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>  0<\/p>\n<p>  21<\/p>\n<p>  TR<\/p>\n<p>  HE<\/p>\n<p>\t  :&#8221; &#8221; <\/p>\n<p>\t :&#8221;&#8221; <\/p>\n<p>\t &#8221; &#8220;,&#8221; &#8221; <\/p>\n<p>\t<!-- parveke begin --><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- parveke END -->\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><b>K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bir fiil g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanan K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda da g\u00f6\u00e7 ve iskan politikalar\u0131na nas\u0131l maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tarihsel analizi bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u2018isyan\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bahanelerle K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 K\u00fcrt halk\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma politikalar\u0131n\u0131n resmiyete kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve \u2018Elimi K\u00fcrt kan\u0131na bulamam\u2019 diyenlerin sava\u015f yanl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tasfiyesi<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7881,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[32,1601,1678,1602,712,1600,31,36,33,30,35,34,80,1603,1599],"class_list":["post-7880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirmalar","tag-arastirma","tag-daki","tag-degistirilmesi-6","tag-demografik","tag-goc","tag-iskan","tag-kurdi","tag-kurdish","tag-kurdistan","tag-lekolin","tag-turkish","tag-turkiye","tag-ve","tag-yapinin","tag-zoraki"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7880"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7880\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}