\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ![](\"http:\/\/lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5066-1.jpg\")
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n
K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da Demografik Yap\u0131n\u0131n De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, Uygulanan K\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarih ba\u011flam\u0131nda yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, K\u00fcrtlerin Ayn\u0131 zamanda Proto K\u00fcrtlerin uygarl\u0131kla da ili\u015fkileri \u00e7ok K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 i\u00e7in en ba\u015fta \u015funu belirtmek gerekir, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da demografik (n\u00fcfusla ilgilenen bilim dal\u0131) A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki K\u00fcrdistan yer alt\u0131 ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc zenginlikleriyle her zaman Ksenephon K\u00fcrdistan \u00fclkesinde Acemlerden ka\u00e7an Yunan B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in Do\u011fu\u2019ya yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu fetih seferi Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde M.S. 224 ile M.S. 645 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda M.S. 928 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap egemenli\u011finin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 sonucunda Abbasilerin zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla beraber yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak 16.yy\u2019a gelindi\u011finde Safevi-Osmanl\u0131 imparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n 1639-Kasr-\u0131 \u015eirin anla\u015fmas\u0131yla K\u00fcrdistan resmen ikiye \u00d6zelikle Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda iskan ve g\u00f6\u00e7 ile Yine 1808\u2019de tahta \u00e7\u0131kan II. Mahmud, ilkin K\u00fcrdistan’\u0131 Bu gibi uygulamalar K\u00fcrtler\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara yol Re\u015fvan, Canbeg, Lek (\u015eexbizin\u00ee), Milan, \u015eadi-Rutan, Zerik\u00ee Yar\u0131n: Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1913-1923 kadar olan s\u00fcredeki G\u00f6\u00e7 G\u00f6\u00e7 Dosyas\u0131-Abdullah \u00d6calan Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n www.lekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 \u00a0<\/p>\n 0<\/p>\n 21<\/p>\n TR<\/p>\n HE<\/p>\n \t :” ” <\/p>\n \t :”” <\/p>\n \t ” “,” ” <\/p>\n \t<\/p>\n
\nPolitikalar ve Bu Politikalar\u0131n Yol A\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sonu\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nbinlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k ba\u015fat bir tarihe sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn temel
\nniteli\u011fi kabile ve a\u015firet formlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ya\u015famas\u0131, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k
\nekonomisinde devrimsel bir rol oynamas\u0131d\u0131r. Verimli Hilal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc insanl\u0131k
\ntarihinde ne kadar rol oynam\u0131\u015fsa, K\u00fcrtlerin ve bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n halklar\u0131n\u0131n
\nk\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarihteki rolleri de ona denktir. Tarihte mezolitik ve neolitik
\nd\u00f6nemlerin (M.\u00d6. 15000-4000) merkez\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7in\u2019den ve Hint\u2019ten Avrupa\u2019ya
\nkadar t\u00fcm neolitik toplum k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini beslemi\u015ftir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel yay\u0131lman\u0131n
\nizlerini hem genetik hem de etimolojik y\u00f6ntemlerle bu alanlarda tespit
\nedebilmekteyiz. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ve tespit edilebildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla Verimli Hilal
\nmerkezli on iki bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6nderlik s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130nsanl\u0131k
\ntarihinde hi\u00e7bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bu denli uzun ve kapsaml\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015f gibi ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131,
\n\u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 ve besleyici bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k de\u011filiz. Varsa da, rolleri
\ns\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve y\u00fczeyseldir.<\/p>\n
\nyo\u011fun olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ki y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir ili\u015fki t\u00fcm geli\u015fmelere damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk
\ny\u00f6n\u00fcyle uygarl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bask\u0131c\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc kent, s\u0131n\u0131f ve devlet
\nunsurlar\u0131yla hep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bazen s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131n\u0131n merkezlerini
\nistila etmeye kadar varan hamleler (Babil\u2019in fethi, Ninova\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131)
\nyaparken, g\u00fc\u00e7leri yetmeyince de \u00e7o\u011fu zaman da\u011flar\u0131n fethedilmez doruklar\u0131na
\n\u00e7ekilerek (Zagroslar\u0131n g\u00fcney eteklerinden Dersim\u2019e kadar benzer leh\u00e7eleri
\nkonu\u015fan Hewrami ve Zaza k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc bu geli\u015fmelerle yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r)
\nvarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015famdan vazge\u00e7memeye \u00f6zen
\ng\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn izleri bug\u00fcn bile olduk\u00e7a etkilidir. Da\u011f K\u00fcrtleri
\ndenilen kesim esas olarak bu hat \u00fczerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f bin y\u0131l boyunca ya\u015fayan
\nHurri k\u00f6kenli kabilelerdir. Uygarl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ili\u015fkilerinde ikinci y\u00f6n
\ngeli\u015ftirilen ili\u015fkileri olumlu de\u011ferlendirip benimseme ve \u00f6z\u00fcmseme temelinde
\nolmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu yans\u0131malar\u0131 kentli, s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 ve devletli
\nzihniyet ve kurumlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde olmu\u015ftur. Bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnekte
\nkar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u201cYenemiyorsan benze\u015f ve \u00f6yle yen kural\u0131 burada bir kez daha
\nkar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Guti, Mittani, Hitit, Urartu, Med, Pers ve Sasani
\n\u00f6rnekleri, kendilerine sald\u0131ran uygarl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 kendilerini bizzat
\nuygarl\u0131k olarak in\u015fa edip benze\u015ferek yenmeyi ve ayakta kalmay\u0131 ifade
\netmektedir. <\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da g\u00f6\u00e7ebelikten yerle\u015fikli\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir.
\nBu durum K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen y\u00f6nelimler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fczensiz bir
\nseyir izlemi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde yerle\u015fik olan kabile ve a\u015firet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131
\nkar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tekrardan g\u00f6\u00e7ebeli\u011fe ge\u00e7ebilmi\u015flerdir. A\u015firetlerin ovaya do\u011fru ini\u015f
\ne\u011filimi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. Ama herhangi bir istila kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda
\ntekrar da\u011flara \u00e7ekilmi\u015flerdir. Bu durum K\u00fcrtlerde merkezile\u015fmenin geli\u015fimini
\nzay\u0131flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015firetlerde uzla\u015fma, da\u011flara ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f, direni\u015f ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilik
\nayn\u0131 alanda birbirine yak\u0131n olan a\u015firetler i\u00e7inde geli\u015febiliyor. Egemen
\ng\u00fc\u00e7lerin etkileri zay\u0131flay\u0131p siyasi otoritede bo\u015fluk do\u011funca ovalara do\u011fru ini\u015f
\ntekrar ba\u015flayabilmektedir. Ama daha \u00e7ok ya\u015fam i\u00e7in tercih edilen yerler ova ile
\nda\u011f aras\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fkeler olmu\u015ftur. K\u0131smi olarak tar\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapabilen bu
\na\u015firetlerin temel ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
\nyap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi olumlu veya olumsuz olarak siyasi otoritenin kimler taraf\u0131ndan
\ny\u00f6netildi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu do\u011fdu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde K\u00fcrtler
\nBeylikler, Mirler ve \u015eeyh\u2019ler yoluyla yar\u0131 \u00f6zerk \u015fekilde kendi kendilerini
\ny\u00f6netmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0 <\/span>Onlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusunda ciddi
\nsorunlar yoktu, ne i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7ler nede d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler de bir art\u0131\u015f veya azalma s\u00f6z
\nkonusu de\u011fildi. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgal edildi\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerde i\u015fgalci otoriteler s\u00f6z
\nkonusu vergilerin toplanmas\u0131, gen\u00e7lerin askere al\u0131nmas\u0131 vb. uygulamalardan
\nkaynakl\u0131 sorunlar ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde tedbir ama\u00e7l\u0131 i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 K\u00fcrtlere
\ndayat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6\u00e7ertilen K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusu yerine farkl\u0131
\netnik yap\u0131ya sahip topluluklar\u0131, K\u00fcrt yerle\u015fkelerine yerle\u015ftiriyorlard\u0131. Bu
\nuygulamalarla siyasi otoriteye yak\u0131n topluluklar\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n stratejik
\nnoktalar\u0131na konumland\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\nG\u00f6\u00e7\u2019e Tarihsel Giri\u015f ve Nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nOrtado\u011fu\u2019da \u00e7ekim merkezi olmu\u015ftur. Merkezi Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fu\u015f d\u00f6neminde kereste,
\nmaden ocaklar\u0131 gibi kaynaklar nas\u0131l ki en \u00f6nemli ticari kaynaklardand\u0131, bug\u00fcnde
\nhalen bu \u00f6nemini korumaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ilk g\u00f6\u00e7, “Da\u011flar \u00dclkesine”
\nsefer d\u00fczenleyen S\u00fcmerler taraf\u0131ndan esir al\u0131nan bir k\u0131s\u0131m K\u00fcrtlerin G\u00fcney
\nMezopotamya’ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Esir al\u0131nan bu K\u00fcrtler, S\u00fcmerlerin
\nvaro\u015flar\u0131nda ya\u015fam m\u00fccadelesi vermek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ilk g\u00f6\u00e7
\ndalgas\u0131ndan sonra K\u00fcrtler b\u00f6lgesel i\u015fgalciler (Asur, Elam, Babil, Pers ve
\nOsmanl\u0131\u2026) taraf\u0131ndan sistematik g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131 ile yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek
\nmecburiyetinde b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sosyolojik analizini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yerle\u015fik ve
\nyar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan K\u00fcrtler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 toplumsal
\n\u00f6zelliklerini co\u011frafik konumundan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konuda \u00d6nderlik \u2018\u2019K\u00fcrtler Da\u011f\u2019\u0131
\nesas alan bir savunma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla beslenme k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc
\nsayesinde otantik bir halk olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015flard\u0131r
\n\u2019\u2019der.(38) K\u00fcrdistan tarihine asl\u0131nda bu a\u00e7\u0131dan sava\u015flar tarihi dersek abartm\u0131\u015f
\nolmay\u0131z. Hi\u00e7bir zaman rahat y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rmemi\u015f bir halk ger\u00e7e\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu.
\nUygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk do\u011fu\u015f d\u00f6nemi sava\u015flarla ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bu uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00f6lgede
\nhegemonya olma giri\u015fimleri yine sava\u015flarla belirlenmi\u015ftir. Sava\u015f demek daha
\nfazla i\u015fgal, y\u0131k\u0131m, a\u00e7l\u0131k, yoksulluk ve g\u00f6\u00e7 demektir. Tarihte Asur-Akat
\nsald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, Bizans ile Sasaniler aras\u0131 sava\u015f (300 y\u0131l), Mo\u011follar-Ha\u00e7l\u0131
\nsald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131-Safevililer aras\u0131 (400 y\u0131l) \u2026vs. Ya\u015fanan sava\u015flar oldu\u011fu
\ngibi K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131nda cereyan etmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\nordusunun durumunu anlat\u0131rken, Karduk \u00fclkesinin tarihin ilk ba\u015flar\u0131ndan
\nitibaren bir sava\u015f alan\u0131 oldu\u011funun kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u201cAcemler, onlar\u0131n
\n(Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n) yiyeceklerini k\u00f6ylerden ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce k\u00f6yleri ate\u015fe
\nverdiler. Ksenephon k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131lan k\u00f6yl\u00fclere yard\u0131m ederek, k\u00f6ylerin
\nyak\u0131lmas\u0131na meydan vermiyordu. Ancak Hisrof o d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede de\u011fildi. Yunanl\u0131lar da
\nHisrof\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kat\u0131larak Karduk\u2019lar\u0131n k\u00f6ylerini yakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu
\nilk belgeli anlat\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6rnekleri daha sonrada K\u00fcrtlerin her isyan\u0131nda ya da
\ndireni\u015finde kaderi gibi olacakt\u0131r. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin her
\nikisi de Karduk k\u00f6ylerini yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r der. <\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131. \u0130skender \u00f6ncesi hakim olan g\u00fc\u00e7lerle,
\n\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra generalleri aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar ve generallerin birbirleri
\naras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flarda K\u00fcrdistan bir\u00e7ok defa el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nRomal\u0131larla Sasaniler aras\u0131nda onlarca sava\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki devletin b\u00f6lgeye
\negemen olmak i\u00e7in verdikleri sava\u015flar\u0131n tamam\u0131 K\u00fcrt yerle\u015fim yerleri \u00fczerinde
\nolmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da en kanl\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde neredeyse t\u00fcm
\nbu sava\u015flar Amed, Nusaybin ve Urfa \u00e7evrelerinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sasaniler,
\nRomal\u0131lardan ald\u0131klar\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k vergiyi alamad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman Roma\u2019n\u0131n denetimindeki
\nK\u00fcrt \u015fehirlerine sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ya da Harran vb. alanlarda tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan K\u00fcrtleri
\nya talan etmi\u015f ya da katletmi\u015ftir. Med sonras\u0131 K\u00fcrtler adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Tori
\nEbul Fara\u00e7\u2019tan aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sava\u015flar s\u00fcrecinde s\u00fcrekli ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda
\nbulunan Amed, Urfa, Nusaybin ve di\u011fer kaleler hangi g\u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131rsa
\nard\u0131ndan katliamlar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r demektedir. Dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131
\nSasaniler\u2019e daha yak\u0131n olan K\u00fcrtler \u00e7o\u011funlukla sava\u015flarda Sasaniler\u2019i
\ndesteklemelerine ra\u011fmen her iki taraftan da zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sava\u015flar s\u0131ras\u0131nda
\nDicle ve F\u0131rat nehirlerinden biri s\u00fcrekli olarak Sasani ve Romal\u0131\u2019lar aras\u0131nda
\nde\u011fi\u015fen s\u0131n\u0131r olmu\u015ftur. Ama Romal\u0131\u2019lar ve Sasaniler aras\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc
\nanla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucunda sava\u015flar K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131 en
\n\u00e7ok etkilenenlerde K\u00fcrtler oluyordu. Sasaniler ile Romal\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki
\nsava\u015flar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri katliamlar\u0131n boyutlar\u0131
\ng\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sava\u015flar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin
\nM.S. 503 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amed\u2019i ku\u015fatan Sasaniler, buray\u0131 Romal\u0131\u2019lar\u0131n elinden
\nald\u0131klar\u0131nda, \u201con binlerce ki\u015fiyi katletmi\u015flerdir. (39) On binlerle hesaplanan
\ntutsak ve katletme sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u015fehirlerden bile da\u011flara ka\u00e7\u0131\u015flar
\nolmu\u015ftur. Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda yerle\u015fik tar\u0131m yapanlar da sadece ba\u011f bozumu
\ns\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u00f6ylere inmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\nBizansl\u0131lar\u0131n K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik yeni bir sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu
\nsald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda Mara\u015f gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n elindeki baz\u0131 \u015fehirler tekrar
\ngeri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M.S 958-959 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Amed, Ad\u0131yaman ve Urfa y\u00f6releri y\u0131k\u0131ma
\nu\u011frat\u0131l\u0131r. Yine Bizans ordular\u0131 M.S 965-966 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Amed, Nusaybin ve
\nAntakya y\u00f6relerini ya\u011fmalay\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fratt\u0131lar. Bu \u015fekilde ard\u0131-arkas\u0131
\nkesilmeyen sald\u0131r\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Mervani K\u00fcrt devletinin elinde sadece Amed ve
\nFarqin (Silvan) kal\u0131r. Arada kalan t\u00fcm b\u00f6lge Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrkler ba\u015fta Abbasilerin askeri vurucu g\u00fcc\u00fcyken yava\u015f yava\u015f
\niktidar\u0131n sahibi olurlar. Abbasi halifesi Mehdi (Muhammed el-Mehd\u00ee bin Abdull\u00e2h
\nMans\u00fbr 775-785 on y\u0131l halifelik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) zaman\u0131nda T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131 Adana,
\nMara\u015f, G\u00f6yn\u00fck, Malatya, Amed, Ahlat ve Malazgirt civar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirildiler.
\nNeredeyse K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n demografik yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Bu uygulama di\u011fer
\nhalifeler d\u00f6neminde de devam etti. Abbasiler kendilerini Bizansl\u0131lardan
\nkorumak, daha fazla toprak elde etmek i\u00e7in bu yolu kullan\u0131rken buralardan
\nAnadolu i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru sald\u0131r\u0131lar yapmay\u0131 da hedeflemi\u015flerdi. 1071 y\u0131l\u0131ndan
\n\u00f6nce Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya s\u0131zmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. D\u00fczensiz ak\u0131nc\u0131
\nsald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerine kadar ilerleyen bu gruplar talan
\nyapt\u0131ktan sonra tekrar s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na \u00e7ekiliyorlard\u0131. K\u00fcrtlerle de yer yer
\n\u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar geli\u015fiyordu. K\u00fcrdistan bu ak\u0131nc\u0131 boylar\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan da
\netkilenmi\u015fti. 1071 Malazgirt sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, daha \u00f6nce \u00e7e\u015fitli sava\u015flarda
\nBizans ve T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lan ve ele ge\u00e7irilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Amed
\nB\u00f6lgesi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\nb\u00f6lge hegemonyas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f olduklar\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n merkezi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019d\u0131r. 400
\ny\u0131l boyunca devam edecek olan bu sava\u015f K\u00fcrdistan halk\u0131na katliam, talan, y\u0131k\u0131m
\nve g\u00f6\u00e7ten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey getirmemi\u015ftir. Safevi imparatorlu\u011fu ideolojik olarak
\n\u015eia \u2019l\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131rken, Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu ise \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcnni mezhebini esas
\nal\u0131r. Her iki imparatorluk aras\u0131nda ki mezhep fark\u0131n\u0131n ceremesini en fazla
\nK\u00fcrtler \u00e7ekeceklerdir. Safeviler s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131nda ki alevi-k\u0131z\u0131l ba\u015f
\nK\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerini yanlar\u0131na \u00e7ekerken, Osmanl\u0131larda s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131ndaki
\nS\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtleri \u00f6rg\u00fctleyecektir. Her sava\u015fta yenilen hangi taraf olursa olsun
\nkaybeden yine K\u00fcrtler olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131lar sava\u015fta yenilgiyle \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa sebebi
\nAlevi K\u00fcrtlerdir onlar\u0131 katliam ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn bekler. Safeviler yenilmi\u015fse S\u00fcnni
\nK\u00fcrtlere g\u00f6\u00e7 ve katliam dayat\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin: \u201c\u015eah Tehmas\u0131p K\u00fcrtleri Osmanl\u0131lara
\nkar\u015f\u0131 kullanmak amac\u0131yla Mansur a\u015firetini \u00f6rg\u00fctleyip, silahland\u0131rarak Erzurum\u2019a
\ng\u00f6\u00e7ertirmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re 30.000 aile bu ama\u00e7la k\u00f6ylerinde zorla
\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 muaheze etmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6t\u00fcrt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u2026 Yine \u015eah \u0130smail \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu ve
\ng\u00fcney do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6zbek sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in \u015fuan Kuzey
\nK\u00fcrdistan olarak bilinen co\u011frafyadan Qermani a\u015firetinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu Horasan\u2019a
\nzorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 ilk defa K\u00fcrtlerin Horasan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesidir.
\nK\u00fcrtleri s\u0131n\u0131rlarda siper etme siyaseti \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019den sonrada s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nZira \u00d6zbek k\u00f6kenli Abdul Mu-imenin Me\u015fhed\u2019e sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kenti savunan K\u00fcrtler
\nolmu\u015ftur. Horasan\u2019a en b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrt g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc 1598 de olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk Kuzeyden K\u00fcrtler
\nTehran-Veramine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, oradan da Horasan\u2019a yerle\u015ftirildiler. Net olmamakla
\nbirlikte 45 bin aile o d\u00f6nemde Safeviler taraf\u0131ndan Horasan\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nNadir \u015eah Horasan\u2019dan 5 bin K\u00fcrt aileyi Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 Erzurum\u2019a yerle\u015ftirir.
\n2000 aileyi de Gilan (mazenderan-re\u015ft) Ruslar\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Baz\u0131
\nkaynaklara g\u00f6re bu tarihten \u00f6ncede K\u00fcrtler, Gilan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. Fakat
\nNadir \u015fah\u0131n politik-askeri nedenlerden dolay\u0131 2000 K\u00fcrt aileyi Gilan\u2019a zorla
\ng\u00f6\u00e7 ettirdi\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. \u015euan Gilan\u2019da 60 civar\u0131nda K\u00fcrt k\u00f6y\u00fc
\nbulunmaktad\u0131r. Horasan\u2019da 1.5 milyon K\u00fcrt A\u015fhan, B\u0131cnurd, Cacarm, Sebzewar,
\nNi\u015fapur, Qu\u00e7an, \u00c7\u0131naran ve Me\u015fhede yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.\u00a0 <\/span>Her ne kadar kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini k\u0131smen
\nkorumu\u015f olsalar da, \u0130ran\u2019a ulus-devletin geli\u015fiyle birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda sistematik
\nasimilasyon politikalar\u0131na tabi tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. (40)<\/p>\n
\nb\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu anla\u015fmadan sonra her iki imparatorluk s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131
\ng\u00fcvenceye almak i\u00e7in yeni demografik de\u011fi\u015fimleri g\u00fcndemlerine al\u0131rlar.
\nOsmanl\u0131lar kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki alevi-k\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f K\u00fcrtlerin bir\u00e7o\u011funu Anadolu
\ni\u00e7lerine, bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtlerin bulundu\u011fu alanlara
\ns\u00fcrg\u00fcn ederler. Safeviler de ayn\u0131 uygulamay\u0131 S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtlere uygulayarak n\u00fcfusun
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kuzey s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ederler. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu bu
\nyerlere T\u00fcrkmenleri yerle\u015ftirirken Safevi \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ise \u015eii k\u00f6kenli
\nAzerileri ve di\u011fer topluluklar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a yerle\u015ftirmeye
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Her iki taraf da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ettikleri K\u00fcrtlerin mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na ve
\ntopraklar\u0131na el koyarak bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 devlet m\u00fclk\u00fcne ge\u00e7irirler. Geriye
\nkalanlar\u0131 da bu alanlara yerle\u015ftirdikleri d\u00f6nmelere, T\u00fcrk e\u015frafa ve kendi
\nyanda\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrtlere t\u0131mar olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlar. Bu uygulamayla her iki taraf\u0131n
\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini K\u00fcrtler sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. \u201c K\u00fcrtler, zaman\u0131nda
\nSafevi h\u00fck\u00fbmdar\u0131 \u015eah Abbas taraf\u0131ndan binlerce K\u00fcrd\u00fcn s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi
\n\u0130ran’\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda kalan b\u00f6lge ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Afganistan
\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde 1500’lerden beri ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Zaman\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerin
\n\u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu nihayetinde Afganistan’\u0131n i\u00e7lerine ilerlemi\u015f, Herat ve di\u011fer bat\u0131
\nAfganistan \u015fehirlerine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Afganistan’daki K\u00fcrt
\nkolonilerinin n\u00fcfusu on binleri bulmaktayd\u0131. (41) Bug\u00fcn de yakla\u015f\u0131k bir bu\u00e7uk
\nmilyon K\u00fcrt buralarda ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\ndemografik yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi politikalar\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik eksenli geli\u015ftirilen
\nbir stratejiydi. Nitekim \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar daha sonra bu politikalara derinlik
\nkazand\u0131rarak Ermeni, Rum, Asuri ve K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok ac\u0131mas\u0131zca hayata
\nge\u00e7ireceklerdir. Bu politikalar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi, iki karakteristik n\u00fcfus hareketi
\nile \u00f6zetlenebilir. Biri \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun kendi politik g\u00fcc\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak
\n\u015fekillenen ve fethedilen topraklar\u0131n kolonizasyonu i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fck bir n\u00fcfus
\nhareketi olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fendir. Di\u011feri ise 1683 Viyana yenilgisinin yan\u0131nda
\n\u00f6zellikle Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 1800\u2019li y\u0131larda Kafkasya ve Balkanlarda ki yay\u0131lmac\u0131
\npolitikalardan kaynakl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanan T\u00fcrk, Pomak, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar ve Osmanl\u0131
\nyan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f n\u00fcfusun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle
\nuygulanacak olan isk\u00e2n politikalar\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kand\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7
\npolitika meselesi olarak kabul edilen, g\u00f6\u00e7ebelerin isk\u00e2n\u0131 meselesine yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131
\nda etkilemi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Anadolu\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f olan bu yay\u0131lmac\u0131
\nhareket, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun temel felsefesi olmu\u015f ve i\u015fgal edilen yeni alanlara
\nT\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesi ola\u011fan bir hale gelmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, g\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc
\nn\u00fcfus ve kolonizasyon politikas\u0131 gere\u011fi her fetih sonras\u0131, topraklar\u0131n etnik-dinsel
\nkompozisyonuna m\u00fcdahale ediyordu. Anadolu\u2019da nas\u0131l ki fetih sonras\u0131 bu
\npolitikalar sistemli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc, Balkanlar\u2019da da her fetih ve kolonizasyon
\nsistemli bir sevk ve isk\u00e2n politikas\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bunun i\u00e7in
\nAnadolu halk\u0131ndan bir miktar n\u00fcfus, sistemli bir \u015fekilde fethedilen
\n(Balkanlara) topraklara transfer ediliyordu. Evlad-\u0131 fatihan denilen ve fetih
\nhareketine kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak gelip yerle\u015fmelerine ek olarak,
\nfethedilen yerlerin \u201c\u015fenlendirilmesi i\u00e7in daha kalabal\u0131k bir insan kitlesine
\nihtiya\u00e7 oluyordu. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun kan kaybetme, zay\u0131flama s\u00fcrecine
\ngirmesiyle birlikte K\u00fcrt beylerinin haklar\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirilmeye
\nba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r vergiler ve askere al\u0131nma durumlar\u0131 K\u00fcrt toplumu i\u00e7inde
\nhuzursuzlu\u011fa ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara neden oluyordu. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yan\u0131
\ns\u0131ra baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt beyliklerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede
\nkayg\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yordu. Yine K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusunun 3\/1\u2019inin g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u015fekilde ya\u015famas\u0131,
\nOsmanl\u0131n\u0131n merkezile\u015fme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi bir sorundu. 1800 y\u0131llar\u0131na
\ngelindi\u011finde Avrupa\u2019da geli\u015fen ulus-devlet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerileyen Osmanl\u0131,
\nTanzimat (1839-1878) kanunlar\u0131yla adeta Avrupa\u2019daki ulus-devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131
\ntaklit ederek imparatorlu\u011fun modernle\u015fmesi ve merkezile\u015fmesi projesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak
\ng\u00f6\u00e7ebelerin isk\u00e2n meselesi, merkezi otoritenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nko\u015fulu
\nolarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Bunun i\u00e7in, n\u00fcfus sicil b\u00fcrolar\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fun t\u00fcm
\nvilayetlerinde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fcrtlerin, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe a\u015firetlerin isk\u00e2n\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir sorun
\nolarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. K\u00fcrt g\u00f6\u00e7ebelerin isk\u00e2n\u0131 meselesi, g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomik gibi
\nkayg\u0131lardan daha \u00e7ok, eldeki topraklar \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyetin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131
\nmeselesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Sahipsiz topraklara yap\u0131lan her isk\u00e2n bir n\u00fcfus
\nsay\u0131m\u0131 ile birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor, ard\u0131ndan askeri yoklamalar yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu
\ntopraklar\u0131n vergilendirilmesi sa\u011flan\u0131yordu. Ancak, isk\u00e2n projesine g\u00f6\u00e7ebelerin
\ndireni\u015flerini k\u0131rmakta devlet zorlan\u0131yordu. \u00dcstelik isk\u00e2n sonras\u0131 dahi, bu
\ng\u00f6\u00e7ebeler sorun olmaya devam ediyorlard\u0131. Ba\u015flarda devlet 50 ya da 100 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe
\naile i\u00e7in bir a\u015firet grubu olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, g\u00f6\u00e7er gruplar a\u015firete
\nba\u011flanam\u0131yordu. Bu durumda yeni bir isk\u00e2n politikas\u0131 belirlendi ve g\u00f6\u00e7erlerin
\nmevcut k\u00f6ylere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak isk\u00e2nlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacak g\u00f6\u00e7er aile say\u0131s\u0131
\n\u015f\u00f6yle belirlenmi\u015ftir: 20 hanelik bir k\u00f6ye 5-6 aile, 30 hanelik bir k\u00f6y i\u00e7in 7-8
\ng\u00f6\u00e7er aile ve 40-50 hanelik bir k\u00f6y i\u00e7in 10-20 g\u00f6\u00e7er ailenin isk\u00e2n\u0131
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6\u00e7ebelere y\u00f6nelik en b\u00fcy\u00fck isk\u00e2n hareketi F\u0131rka-\u0131 \u0130slahiye
\nolup \u00c7ukurova, Gavurda\u011f\u0131, K\u00fcrt da\u011f\u0131 ve Kozan civar\u0131nda 26 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe a\u015firetin,
\ng\u00fcneyden gelen M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n tehdidini perdelemek amac\u0131yla hayata
\nge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131’n\u0131n merkezi otoritesine kay\u0131ts\u0131z-\u015farts\u0131z ba\u011flama ve merkezi otoritenin
\nen \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015feye kadar dayat\u0131lmas\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 1831
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda t\u0131mar sistemini sona erdirir.\u00a0
\n<\/span>Daha sonra gelen Abd\u00fclmecid vak\u0131flar\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok az k\u0131sm\u0131
\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm topraklar\u0131 devlet m\u00fclk\u00fcne ge\u00e7irir. 1858
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda Abd\u00fclmecid taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan arazi kanunnamesiyle (toprak kanunu)
\ntopraklar tapulan\u0131r. Ancak k\u00f6ylerin ortak topraklar\u0131na tapu verilmez.
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki mirler, \u015feyhler ve a\u015firet reisleri devletle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi
\nsonucunda ucuz fiyata b\u00fcy\u00fck topraklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek toprak a\u011falar\u0131 haline
\ngelirler. Ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyli memurlar da \u00e7ok geni\u015f arazileri kendi
\n\u00fczerlerine tapularlar. Bu \u015fekilde bir yandan yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fcler
\ntopraks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p k\u00f6ylerinden terke zorlan\u0131rken di\u011fer yandan ko\u00e7er a\u015firetler
\ntopra\u011fa yerle\u015fmeye \u00e7ekilerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmek istenir.\u00a0
\n<\/span>Bununla birlikte 15-30 ya\u015f aras\u0131 erkeklerin mecbur edildi\u011fi, 12 ve daha
\nsonra 15 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan askerlik nedeniyle K\u00fcrtlere ne k\u00f6yde ne de \u015fehirde
\nya\u015fam imk\u00e2n\u0131 kal\u0131r.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\na\u00e7ar. Yar\u0131 \u00f6zerk stat\u00fcn\u00fcn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015fta Baban, Bedirhan ve \u015eeyh
\nUbeydullah aileleri olmak \u00fczere 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan isyanlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesine yol
\na\u00e7ar. \u0130syanlar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta ya\u015fanan, liderler ve yak\u0131n
\n\u00e7evresinin s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri \u0130stanbul\u2019da padi\u015fah\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda saraylarda ve
\nkonaklarda l\u00fcks i\u00e7inde ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 olurken \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n da Osmanl\u0131
\nmekteplerinde okutulmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 halk ise, her isyan sonras\u0131 gelen
\nyenilgi ile k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131l\u0131p on binlercesi bat\u0131yla do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7e yollanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 <\/span>Kalanlar ise, en a\u011f\u0131r vergiler alt\u0131nda ve
\nyoksulluk i\u00e7inde k\u0131vran\u0131r hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 (T\u00fcrkiye) ve
\nAnadolu’da farkl\u0131 yerlerde uzun s\u00fcreden beri ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131,
\nMir Muhammed (Soran M\u00eeri) ile ba\u015flayan k\u0131y\u0131m zincirinin s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri olarak
\nAnadolu’nun \u00e7orak bozk\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fim yerlerine s\u00fcr\u00fclenlerdir. Bu
\nd\u00f6nemdeki isyanlarda Orta Anadolu\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fclen 2 milyondan daha fazla K\u00fcrt
\nvard\u0131r. Bunlar ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fu a\u015firetlerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n(Zirkan), S\u00eaw\u00ead\u00ee, Ter\u00eekan, Mika\u00eelan, Mirdes\u00ee, Molikan, Badil\u00ee, Nasir\u00ee, Ko\u00e7giri
\n(Sanz), Mahasi, Belikan, Celikan, Oxciyan, Cutkan, Xelkan, S\u00eafkan Pisiyan ve
\nBeski\u2019dir. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen a\u015firetlerin her biri geni\u015f K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan
\ns\u00fcr\u00fclenlerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu a\u015firetlere mensup ki\u015fileri bug\u00fcn hala Diyarbekir’de,
\nMalatya’da, Sivas’ta, Viran\u015fehir’de, Urfa’da, Siverek’te, Hakkari’de, Palu’da,
\nDersim ve De\u015ft\u00ea Her\u00eer\u00ea\u2019de g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\npolitikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nwww.lekolin.info -www.navendalekolin.com -http:\/\/kursam.org\/index.html<\/strong><\/p>\n