\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ![](\"http:\/\/lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/4246-1.jpg\")
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n
\nZengin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00c7ERKEZYA\u2019DAN BUG\u00dcNE<\/strong><\/p>\n Bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00e7i \u00c7erkezlerin yurdu anlam\u0131nda, sadece Ad\u0131ge M.\u00d6 5.y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 gezip g\u00f6ren ve \u00c7erkez ismi yakla\u015f\u0131k 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri bilinmektedir.\u00a0 <\/span>Bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n yerli halklar\u0131ndan olan Rusya\u2019da bug\u00fcn de kullan\u0131lan terminolojiye g\u00f6re ise \u2018\u00c7erkez Anavatanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7erkezlerin anavatan\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131nda \u00c7erkezistan, \u00c7erkezler bug\u00fcn Kafkasya\u2019da, 1920\u2019lerde Sovyetler Birli\u011fiyle N\u00fcfus olarak da g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131ndaki felaketler, daha sonra Toplumsal yap\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7erkezlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki \u00c7erkezler ge\u00e7mi\u015fte s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na sahiptiler. \u00c7erkezlerde aileler ataerkil olup M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsedikten T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki 1934 soyad\u0131 kanunuyla \u00c7erkezlerin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e soyad\u0131 Dil ve Yaz\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7erkezce(Ad\u0131\u011febze), Kafkas dillerinin kuzeybat\u0131 grubuna ait Ad\u0131gey, Kabardey-Balkar ve Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkez Cumhuriyetlerinde Sava\u015f, ya\u011fma ve Tarih\u00e7e<\/strong><\/p>\n Yunan ve Roma tarih\u00e7ilerince \u2018Kerketler\u2019, \u2018Henioklar\u2019, 4.y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Hunlar, Avarlar, Hazarlar, Rus Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7erkezler s\u00fcrg\u00fcn tarihleri boyunca hayatta kalmalar\u0131 SSCB\u2019de 1928\u2019de kurulan Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkez \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netim Baz\u0131 k\u0131sa notlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n *Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nu olu\u015fturan federe cumhuriyetler *\u00c7erkes toplumu, Xabze ad\u0131 verilen kurallarla y\u00f6netilir. * Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n otoktan(yerli) halklar\u0131n\u0131n binlerce * \u00c7erkezlerin 1859 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayan *XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finin sonuna do\u011fru Da\u011f\u0131stan *Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131n\u0131n getirmi\u015f * \u00c7erkezler, bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda kendi kimlik <\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik www.lekolin.com – \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n \t<\/p>\n
\ndo\u011fayla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f ya\u015fam tarz\u0131yla, derin bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan
\n\u00c7erkezlerin tarihi, kendi topraklar\u0131na tutunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir halk\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n
\nbir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edili\u015finin de tarihidir. Toprak alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6yleri
\nve miraslar\u0131yla tekrar kendi kimlikleriyle bulu\u015fma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan \u00c7erkezler,
\nya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 her toprak par\u00e7as\u0131nda dilleri, gelenekleri ve toplumsall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131
\nkoruma m\u00fccadelesini vermeye devam ediyorlar. Tarihte \u00c7erkez trajedisi olarak
\nge\u00e7en s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve katliamlara ra\u011fmen, bu kadim halk\u0131n \u00f6z kimli\u011fini koruma
\ndireni\u015fleri b\u00fcy\u00fck derslerle doludur. \u00c7erkezlerin tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ilgili
\nk\u0131sa da olsa bir hat\u0131rlatma yapmak yerinde olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\nboylar\u0131n\u0131n, Abhaz-Abazin boylar\u0131n\u0131n ve Ub\u0131h halk\u0131n\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan orta
\nve kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasya i\u00e7in \u00c7erkezya kavram\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r. Kafkas
\nhalklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc (Ad\u0131ge, Abhaz, Ub\u0131h, Kara\u00e7ay, Oset, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngus
\nve Dag\u0131stanl\u0131lar) \u00c7erkez \u00fcst kimli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendiren tarih\u00e7iler ve
\nkurulu\u015flar, t\u00fcm Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 \u00c7erkezya ad\u0131yla ifade etmektedirler.<\/p>\n
\neserlerinde buradan bahseden Heredot, Hellenikus, F.Arrian, Strabon, Romal\u0131 Pliny gibi antik d\u00f6nem
\nseyyah ve tarih\u00e7ileri ile Ruslar, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Tatarlar ve Araplar Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n otokhton
\n(yerli) halklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Kas, Kask, Kasog, Kasogi, Sirkas, Kerkes, Kerakes gibi isimler
\nkullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131mlamalar, zamanla bat\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi ile Cirkas, Cirkassi,
\nCirkas\u0131yen ve nihayet Araplar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Serakise, \u00c7erakise gibi
\nifadelerinden hareketle \u201c\u00c7ERKEZ s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve edebiyata ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\n\u00c7erkezler, kendilerine Ad\u0131ge ad\u0131n\u0131 verirler. Boyun yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131 olan ve \u2018da\u011f
\n\u00e7erkezleri \u2018olarak bilinen Abazalar(M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kolu) ile Abhazlar(H\u0131ristiyan
\nkolu) toplulu\u011fun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131rlar. Abhazlar, \u00c7erkezleri Az\u0131hua, Osetler de
\nKa\u015fgon olarak adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. \u00c7erkez boyu ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131r
\nAdigeler(k\u00f6le soyu) ve Kabartaylar(Soylular ya da bey soyu).<\/p>\n
\n\u2019adland\u0131rmas\u0131, asl\u0131nda etnik de\u011fil, sadece Kara\u00e7ay- \u00c7erkez Cumhuriyetindeki
\n\u00c7erkez\u2019leri belirten co\u011frafi bir tan\u0131md\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise \u00c7erkezler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda
\nKafkas g\u00f6\u00e7meni olarak Abaza, Oset, \u00c7e\u00e7en, Kara\u00e7ay, Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131 Avar-Lezgi
\nhalklar\u0131 da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na gelen
\nKuzey Kafkasyal\u0131 halklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00c7erkez olmas\u0131, k\u0131yafet, gelenek,
\ng\u00f6renek, dans, m\u00fczik vb. k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6\u011felerinin benzerli\u011fi gibi nedenlerle di\u011fer
\nKafkas halklar\u0131 da bu co\u011frafyada \u00c7erkez olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nBat\u0131l\u0131 ve Rus\u00e7a kaynaklarda ise \u00c7erkezya olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n
\nbat\u0131 ve orta b\u00f6lgesidir.1864\u2019teki sava\u015ftan sonra \u00c7erkezlerin Osmanl\u0131
\ntopraklar\u0131na s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesiyle \u00fclkenin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00c7erkez yerle\u015fimlerinin
\nvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nbirlikte kurulan ve tarihi \u00c7erkezya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan \u00fc\u00e7 idari
\nbiriminde(Ad\u0131ge, Kabardey-Balkar ve Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkez Cumhuriyetleri) ya\u015f\u0131yorlar.
\n\u00c7erkez n\u00fcfusunun be\u015fte d\u00f6rd\u00fc Rusya Federasyonunda, be\u015fte biri de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de
\nya\u015far. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki en yo\u011fun n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 Sinop, Samsun, \u00c7orum, Amasya, Tokat,
\nYozgat Sivas, Kayseri, Mara\u015f, Adana hatt\u0131 ile Eski\u015fehir, Bilecik, Bursa,
\nBal\u0131kesir, \u00c7anakkale, Yalova, Sakarya, D\u00fczce\u2019de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Suriye,
\n\u00dcrd\u00fcn ve \u0130srail\u2019de de \u00c7erkezler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nyerle\u015ftirildikleri yerlerde hastal\u0131klar ve ayr\u0131ca sava\u015flar nedeniyle ya\u015fanan
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131 sonucunda 20.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da \u00c7erkez n\u00fcfusu 500
\nbine inmi\u015ftir. Bu bilgelere dayanarak bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00c7erkez n\u00fcfusunun 2 ila 3
\nmilyon aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilebilir. 1967\u2019de \u0130srail\u2019in \u00c7erkez n\u00fcfusunun
\nyo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Golan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesiyle, burada ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkezlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131
\n\u015eam\u2019a yerle\u015fmi\u015f,\u00a0 <\/span>bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7
\netmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn Suriye\u2019de 80-100 bin, \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de 30-40 bin \u00c7erkez n\u00fcfusu oldu\u011fu
\ntahmin edilmektedir. \u0130srail\u2019deki iki k\u00f6yde (Kfar-Kama ve Reyhaniye)3 bin \u00c7erkez
\nya\u015famaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nd\u00fczl\u00fckte, bir ba\u015fka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n eteklerinde, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de
\nyaylalarda ve Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131nda ya\u015far. Ekonomileri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve
\n\u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fe dayal\u0131d\u0131r meyve yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi de \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak daha \u00e7ok
\natlar\u0131, ke\u00e7e kuma\u015flar\u0131 ve e\u011feleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Geleneksel \u00c7erkez toplum
\nyap\u0131s\u0131, 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na kadar \u00c7erkezya\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye veya ba\u011fl\u0131
\nolduklar\u0131 soylulara g\u00f6re adland\u0131r\u0131lan Abzeh, Besleney, Bjedu\u011f, \u00c7emguy, Hatukov,
\nKabardey, \u015eaps\u0131\u011f ve Ub\u0131h topluluklar\u0131ndan\/boylar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. Janey, Natuhay,
\nMahhe\u011f, Maho\u015f gibi topluluklar, sava\u015f ve hastal\u0131klar nedeniyle n\u00fcfuslar\u0131
\nazald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan di\u011ferlerine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nSoylular(p\u015f\u0131\u00a0 <\/span>ve vork) ve onlara ba\u011fl\u0131
\nk\u00f6yl\u00fclerden olu\u015fan halk tabakas\u0131(lhokotl) iki temel s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131. \u00c7o\u011funlukla sava\u015f
\nesirlerinden ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan k\u00f6leler de (p\u015f\u0131l\u2019i)baz\u0131
\nara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn bu s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131
\nortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede \u2018s\u00fclale\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan soy yap\u0131s\u0131 da \u00c7erkez
\ntoplumunda hala \u00f6nemini korumaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 atadan geldi\u011fine inanan, birbirine
\nakraba olarak g\u00f6ren ve kendi i\u00e7inde evlenme yasa\u011f\u0131 olan lhepkler s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden
\nsonra b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde par\u00e7aland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\nsonra kimi yerlerde de \u00e7ok e\u015fliydi. \u00c7erkez toplumunda kad\u0131nlar evlenene kadar
\ngen\u00e7 erkekler kadar serbesttiler.\u00a0 <\/span>Ancak
\nevlendikten sonra bir kad\u0131n, aileye \u00e7ocuk verene kadar kocas\u0131n\u0131n ve
\nb\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin yan\u0131nda sorulmadan konu\u015famaz, onlarla birlikte sofraya bile
\noturamazd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 k\u00f6yden bir k\u0131z ve erkek \u2018karde\u015f\u2019 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan birbiriyle
\nevlenemezdi.\u00a0 <\/span>Evlenmeler genellikle
\nanla\u015fmal\u0131 olarak damad\u0131n, gelini k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn meydan\u0131ndan at\u0131n\u0131n terkisine at\u0131p
\nka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131yla ba\u015flard\u0131. Her k\u00f6y \u2018p\u0131sukho\u2019diye an\u0131lan bir muhtar ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki
\nihtiyar heyetince y\u00f6netilirdi. <\/p>\n
\nalmas\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131, fakat kendi i\u00e7lerinde \u00c7erkez soyadlar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya ve
\nkullanmaya devam ediyorlar. <\/p>\n
\nbir dildir. Kafkas dil grubu Abhaz-Abaza diliyle akrabad\u0131r. \u00c7erkezler dil
\nili\u015fkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kendileriyle birlikte Abhazlar\u0131, Abazalar\u0131 ve Ub\u0131\u011flar\u0131 da
\nkapsayan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck Abhaz-Nogay aile grubunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130simler cinslere
\nayr\u0131lmaz. Do\u011fu leh\u00e7esi, Kabardey-Balkar ve Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkez Cumhuriyetlerinde
\nRus\u00e7ayla birlikte resmi dildir. Bat\u0131 leh\u00e7esi ise \u2018Ad\u0131gey dili\u2019 ad\u0131yla Ad\u0131gey
\nCumhuriyetinde resmi dildir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her iki leh\u00e7enin de konu\u015fanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\n\u00c7erkezce 1920\u2019lerde yaz\u0131l\u0131 dil haline gelmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131s\u0131 Kiril alfabesini esas
\nal\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\n\u00c7erkezce yay\u0131n ve e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r, fakat pratikte iki alanda da dilin
\nkullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Suriye, \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve \u0130srail\u2019de okullarda \u00c7erkezce \u00f6\u011fretimi
\nvard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise a\u00e7\u0131lan kurslar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir dil \u00f6\u011fretimi
\nyap\u0131labilmektedir. Anadilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131n engellendi\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00c7erkezce
\nbilme oran\u0131 \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7lerde ve \u00e7ocuklarda \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\ns\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerle ge\u00e7en bir tarih\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nMayeotlar\u2019, \u2018Sindiler\u2019 ya da \u2018Zi\u00e7iler\u2019 diye an\u0131lan \u00c7erkezler, M.\u00d6 6.y\u00fczy\u0131lda
\n\u0130skit, Alan ve Sarmat boylar\u0131yla birlikte kuzey steplerinden inerek Kafkasya\u2019ya
\nyerle\u015ftiler. M.\u00d6 1. Bin y\u0131lda adlar\u0131 bilinen Sindler ve Mayeotlar, erken
\norta\u00e7a\u011fdaki Zihler ve Kasoglar, \u00c7erkezlerin atalar\u0131 kabul edilirler. Do\u011fu Roma
\nimparatorlu\u011fu ve G\u00fcrcistan ile ili\u015fkileri sonucu 6.y\u00fczy\u0131lda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nkabul ettiler ve 8. Y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Bizans egemenli\u011finde kald\u0131lar.\u00a0 <\/span>\u00c7erkezler g\u00f6rece ge\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f bir
\ntoplumdur. 16.-17. y\u00fczy\u0131llardan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri ve K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131
\narac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Kafkasya\u2019da Kuzey Osetya\u2019n\u0131n Mozdok
\nb\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan 3 bin ki\u015filik bir H\u0131ristiyan topluluk d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7erkezler
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsemi\u015f bir haikt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Emevi
\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde k\u00f6le ticaretinin geli\u015fmesi ve \u00c7erkezlerin k\u00f6le-asker
\nniteli\u011finde M\u0131s\u0131r ile Suriye\u2019ye sat\u0131lmalar\u0131 sonucu, oralarda 14.ve 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda
\nK\u00f6lemen beyleri olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletler kurdular (Memluklar). <\/p>\n
\nTmutarakan prensli\u011fi \u00c7erkez topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiler. 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Mo\u011follar\u0131n
\n14. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise Timur\u2019un istilas\u0131 daha y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 oldu.16.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n
\nK\u0131r\u0131m ve Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeleri sonucu S\u00fcnni m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimseyen
\n\u00c7erkezler, bu tarihten ba\u015flayarak Ruslarla s\u00fcrekli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.16.y\u00fczy\u0131lda
\nRuslar\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye gelmesiyle birlikte ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, \u00c7erkezya\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n
\nRusya taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesiyle sona erdi. 1859\u2019da \u015eeyh \u015eamil yenildikten
\nve 1864\u2019te tam anlam\u0131yla Rus egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girdikten sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler
\nhalinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7en \u00c7erkezlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Bedevi kabilelerine kar\u015f\u0131
\nOsmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan \u0130srail ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019e yerle\u015ftirildiler. 1862-1864
\naras\u0131nda kanl\u0131 Rus-\u00c7erkez sava\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra Rus ordular\u0131n\u0131n Mz\u0131mta nehri
\ncivar\u0131nda nihai zaferi kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 21 May\u0131s 1864 g\u00fcn\u00fc, bu kanl\u0131 s\u00fcreci sembolize
\neden tarih olarak \u00c7erkezlerin y\u00fcre\u011fine ve beynine nak\u015fedildi. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnler iki y\u0131l
\ndaha devam etti.\u00a0 <\/span>Ba\u015fta kad\u0131nlar,
\nihtiyarlar ve \u00e7ocuklar olmak \u00fczere a\u00e7l\u0131k, hastal\u0131k ve so\u011fuktan kitlesel \u00f6l\u00fcmler
\nya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n
\ni\u00e7in evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6le olarak sat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu ama\u00e7la, Trabzon ve Samsun\u2019da
\nge\u00e7ici k\u00f6le pazarlar\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftu. Tahmini rakamlara g\u00f6re sadece 1863-1867
\naras\u0131nda 150 binden fazla \u00c7erkez, k\u00f6le olarak al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\nBirimi\u2019nde 1936\u2019da kurulan Kabartay-Balkar \u00d6zerk Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde
\nya\u015fayan \u00c7erkezler, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra istilac\u0131 Alman Ordu ile
\ni\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle Stalin taraf\u0131ndan Orta Asya\u2019ya ve Sibirya\u2019ya
\ns\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn s\u0131ras\u0131nda topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc G\u00fcrcistan Sovyet
\nCumhuriyeti\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. Stalin \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra \u00c7erkezlerin anayurtlar\u0131na
\nd\u00f6nmelerine izin verildi ve 1953\u2019e Kabartay-Balkar \u00d6zerk Sovyet Cumhuriyeti,
\n1956\u2019da da Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkez \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netim Birimi yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. SSCB\u2019nin
\n1991\u2019de da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra bu b\u00f6lge Rusya Federasyonu topraklar\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
\naras\u0131nda yer alan Ad\u0131gey, Kabartay-Balkar, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes, Kuzey Osetya,
\nDa\u011f\u0131stan, \u0130ngusetya Cumhuriyetleri ile merkez Rusya aras\u0131nda 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\n\u201cYetki Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nXabze, etimolojik olarak d\u0131\u015far\u0131n\u0131n,alan\u0131n, \u00e7evrenin, dili, \u015fablonu, d\u00fczeni
\ndemektir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumundan itibaren b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp yeti\u015fmesine, yaslan\u0131p \u00f6lmesine
\nkadar, insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen ve g\u00fczelle\u015ftiren \u00e7e\u015fitli kurallar vard\u0131r.
\nBunlar, gelenek ve g\u00f6renekler, \u00f6rf, adet ve t\u00f6re kurallar\u0131ndan ahlak ve din
\nkurallar\u0131na, hatta maddi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla per\u00e7inlenen hukuk kurallar\u0131na kadar
\nb\u00fct\u00fcn sosyal kurallar\u0131 kapsarlar.<\/p>\n
\ny\u0131ldan bu yana \u00fcrettikleri ulusal destanlar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc ise Nart destanlar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.
\n\u00c7erkez Mythologia\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan Nart destanlar\u0131, milattan \u00f6nceki
\ny\u0131llardan bug\u00fcne Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n dilinde, m\u00fczi\u011finde sanat\u0131nda yer
\nalm\u0131\u015f, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u00c7erkez literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Nart
\ndestanlar\u0131nda ana unsur olarak, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 daha mutlu daha renkli k\u0131lacak
\nolan, insan onurunu y\u00fcksek tutacak \u201cinsan sevgisi dile getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\nanavatanlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131, 21 May\u0131s 1864\u2019den sonra daha da \u015fiddetlendi. 1860
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda 4 milyon olan Kafkasyal\u0131 n\u00fcfusu, 1897\u2019de 1.660.000 say\u0131s\u0131na inmi\u015fti.
\nAd\u0131ge-Abaza-Ub\u0131h grubundan olu\u015fan Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkasyal\u0131lar y\u00fczde 85\u2019ler
\nd\u00fczeyinde Oset, \u00c7e\u00e7en ve Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar y\u00fczde10-15\u2019ler d\u00fczeyinde
\nanavatanlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Ger\u00e7ekte bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m niteli\u011fine
\nd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu nedenle, 21 May\u0131s 1864 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7erkezlerin yas g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\nAnavatanlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclen Kafkasyal\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 1.400.000 \u2013 1.500.000 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nb\u00f6lgesinde, \u0130slamiyet\u2019e dayanan, e\u015fitli\u011fi savunan, i\u015fgalci ve sald\u0131rgan Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na
\nba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131nayan \u201cm\u00fcridizm hareketi ba\u015flad\u0131. Gazi \u00a0<\/span>Muhammed ve Hamzat\u2019tan sonra, 1834\u2019te \u0130mam
\n\u015eamil bu hareketin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n
\nKabardey, Osetya ve Kara\u00e7ay b\u00f6lgelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fgal ederek kendine ba\u011flamak
\nsuretiyle, \u00fclkenin do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden kopard\u0131. Bu hem
\n\u015eamil\u2019in, hem de bat\u0131da kendi meclislerinin y\u00f6netiminde milli kurtulu\u015f
\nhareketini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olan Kuban b\u00f6lgesi \u00c7erkezlerinin (Ad\u0131geler ve
\nAbhaz-Abazalar\u2019\u0131n) durumunu olduk\u00e7a zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u015eamil, kendi
\nn\u00fcfuzunu \u00c7e\u00e7enya \u00fczerine de yayarak, 25 y\u0131l kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k
\nm\u00fccadelesini y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Naib Muhammed Emin ile de Kuzeybat\u0131da
\ndireni\u015fleri etkiledi. \u015eamil, direni\u015fin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcmidi kesince, silah
\nb\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\noldu\u011fu nispi serbestlik ortam\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok mare\u015fal ve generalinde kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla,
\n1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7erkez Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti (\u00c7erkez Yard\u0131mla\u015fma Derne\u011fi), 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\n\u201c\u00c7erkez Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ve 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda da \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti
\nkuruldu ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel faaliyetlere ba\u015flad\u0131. 1911-1914 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Guaze
\n(Rehber) Gazetesi yay\u0131mland\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nve dilleri ile de\u011fil \u201cT\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi alt\u0131nda ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam
\netmektedirler. Fakat, 1968 Gen\u00e7lik Hareketleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ba\u015flayan
\nuyan\u0131\u015ftan etkilenen \u00c7erkesler bug\u00fcn anadil ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere kimlik
\nm\u00fccadelelerini \u00e7ok boyutlu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme gayreti i\u00e7erisine girdi. <\/p>\n
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nwww.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 www.lekolin.info – www.navendalekolin.com<\/strong><\/p>\n