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\t\t\t\t\t\tGiri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n Uzun soluklu tarihin bize \u00f6\u011frettiklerinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z genel sonu\u00e7 bize \u015funu dillendirmektedir: Meta ya da mal fazlas\u0131, iktidar ve g\u00fc\u00e7 do\u011furur. Bu da kendi i\u00e7inden bask\u0131 ve zulm\u00fc… Bask\u0131 ve zulm\u00fcn de pratik ifadesi sava\u015f, talan ve y\u0131k\u0131md\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131 dayatanlar iktidar g\u00fc\u00e7leri, muhataplar\u0131 ise ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 idame i\u00e7in elindeki \u2013 avucundakini de kaybetmek istemeyen toplumsal kesimlerdir.\u00a0 Sava\u015f\u0131 dayatan iktidar oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ana hedefi daha fazla \u201cmeta iken, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direni\u015f y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e hedefleri de \u00e7e\u015fitlenip geni\u015f bir yelpaze olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flar. Ulusal, toplumsal ve inan\u00e7sal kimlik, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, dil, \u201ccinsel bir obje olarak kad\u0131n, siyasal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f k\u0131sacas\u0131, insan\u0131 ve toplumu var eden t\u00fcm de\u011ferler g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hedefindedir art\u0131k. Sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan kesimler de art\u0131k maddi ve manevi arg\u00fcmanlarla form\u00fcle ettikleri bir \u201cdava sahibidir.\u00a0 Bu dava onlar\u0131n direni\u015flerinin ate\u015fleyicisidir. \u0130ktidar da bunu bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in yapay bir \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 dava olu\u015fturur. Bununla da yetinmez yapay ve s\u00f6zde toplumsal \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler de \u00f6rg\u00fctler. B\u00f6ylece ortal\u0131k iyice kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. <\/p>\n Bazen de fillerin tepi\u015fmesi gibi bir s\u00fcr\u00fc iktidar oda\u011f\u0131 \u201cmeta ve \u201ciktidar sava\u015f\u0131na tutu\u015fur. \u00c7imenler, g\u00fcller ve renkler de onlar\u0131n ayaklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ezilir. Suriye\u2019de \u015fimdi ya\u015fanan tam da bu duruma tekab\u00fcl ediyor. D\u00fcn itiraz edenler dahi \u015fimdi kabul ediyor ki toplum ad\u0131na yola \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cmuhalefet in, zalim iktidardan bir fark\u0131 yok. Bu iki g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda toplumsal bir \u201c\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7izgi hen\u00fcz \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Rojava K\u00fcrdistan\u0131 hari\u00e7. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rojava\u2019da halk her iki g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131na da ge\u00e7it vermeyerek toplumsal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7izgiyi in\u015fa etti. Yani asl\u0131nda hem kurtlar\u0131n hem de kuzu postundaki kurtlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m ve talan\u0131na ge\u00e7it vermedi. Elbette bunun da bir bedeli oldu.\u00a0 <\/p>\n Ama Suriye\u2019nin di\u011fer alanlar\u0131nda tam bir insanl\u0131k dram\u0131 ve facias\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Bunun temel nedenlerinden biri de d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n bu co\u011frafyadaki \u201cmeta sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Geni\u015f bir bile\u015fimi ifade eden bu kavram\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenlerinden biri ise ku\u015fkusuz petrol ve do\u011fal gazd\u0131r. Biz de bu dosyam\u0131zda sava\u015ftan ziyade bu \u201cmeta y\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Konumuz bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak Suriye petrollerinin niceli\u011fi, niteli\u011fi ve di\u011fer parametrelerini ve bu arada da \u201ckontrol sava\u015flar\u0131 n\u0131n son durumunu kaps\u0131yor. Ku\u015fkusuz petrol her \u015feyi belirlemiyor. Ama \u201cbelirli bir yerinin oldu\u011fu da ku\u015fkusuzdur.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n AB ve Suriye petrol politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Aralar\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya ve Almanya\u2019n\u0131n da oldu\u011fu Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinin D\u0131\u015f i\u015fleri bakanlar\u0131, 22 Nisan 2013\u2019te L\u00fcksemburg\u2019daki toplant\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra Suriye\u2019den petrol ithalat\u0131 i\u00e7in ambargoyu hafifletip petrol \u015firketlerine muhalefetten petrol sat\u0131n almalar\u0131 i\u00e7in izin verilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. Toplant\u0131dan sonra bas\u0131na konu\u015fan \u0130ngiltere D\u0131\u015f i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 William Huge, \u2018\u2019bu \u015fekilde Suriye halk\u0131na yard\u0131m edebilece\u011fiz\u2019\u2019 mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Bu anla\u015fma yasal bir karara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse AB petrol \u015firketleri muhalefetin kontrol\u00fcndeki b\u00f6lgelerden ham petrol sat\u0131n alabilecektir. Peki, Avrupa Birli\u011fi kimden, nas\u0131l ve hangi miktarlarda petrol sat\u0131n alabilecek? B\u00f6yle bir karar\u0131n silahl\u0131 ve siyasi muhalefet \u00fczerindeki etkisi ne olacak ve Suriye\u2019deki i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 nas\u0131l etkileyecek?\u00a0 <\/p>\n Hat\u0131rlatmal\u0131y\u0131z ki 15 Mart 2011\u2019de Suriye\u2019de ba\u015flayan g\u00f6sterilere kar\u015f\u0131 Be\u015far Esad y\u00f6netimi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ve \u015fiddet kullan\u0131p bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rejimin kanl\u0131 i\u00e7 siyasetine kar\u015f\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi Suriye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 ambargo uygulad\u0131 ve pe\u015fi s\u0131ra bir\u00e7ok devlet de Suriye\u2019den petrol al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. Avrupa Birli\u011fi, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerinin Suriye\u2019den ham petrol ithalat\u0131, sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yasaklad\u0131. Ambargo petrol i\u015flemlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olacak mali hizmetleri veya anla\u015fma i\u00e7in kredi vermeyi de yasaklad\u0131. Karar, Kas\u0131m 2011\u2019den sonra uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. <\/p>\n Avrupa Birli\u011fi, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Suriye petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn as\u0131l ithalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Fransa, Almanya, Hollanda, \u0130talya ve Avusturya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere AB \u00fclkeleri, Suriye\u2019den ihra\u00e7 edilen petrol\u00fcn % 95\u2019ini al\u0131yordu. Resmi rakamlara g\u00f6re Suriye\u2019nin petrol ihracat\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck 150 bin varil idi ve bunun % 95\u2019i Akdeniz \u00fczerinden Avrupa \u00fclkelerine ihra\u00e7 ediliyordu.<\/p>\n (Suriye ham petrol ihracat\u0131)<\/p>\n AB\u2019nin ambargo yasak listesi petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc ilgilendiren yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131yordu ve daha sonra Shell petrol devi Suriye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etti. Shell, Banyas liman\u0131 \u00fczerinden petrol ithalat\u0131na devam etti. Ancak bu da fazla s\u00fcrmedi. <\/p>\n \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalardan \u00f6nce Suriye\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan petrol \u015firketleri<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce Suriye Petrol bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n web sayfas\u0131 \u00fczerinden payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 petrol \u015firketleri listesinde \u201c11 ulusal ve yabanc\u0131 petrol \u015firketi yer almaktayd\u0131. Yabanc\u0131 \u015firketler aras\u0131nda Hollanda\u2019dan Shell, Fransa\u2019dan Total, Hindistan ve \u00c7in\u2019den Birgomo, Kanada\u2019dan PetroCanada ve H\u0131rvatistan\u2019dan INA var idi. Almanya ise Suriye\u2019nin F\u0131rat Petrol \u015firketiyle ortakla\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Katar ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri gibi Arap \u00fclkelerinden de \u015firketler vard\u0131. <\/p>\n Rusya\u2019dan TAN PETROL ve Canadian Stratic Energy, Suriye\u2019nin Deyr ez Zor kenti ile T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda petrol tarama i\u015flemleri yap\u0131yordu. ONVL \u015firketiyle birlikte Amerikan IPR \u015firketi de Deyr ez Zor alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda F\u0131rat petrol \u015firketinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fcretimi 187 Varile ula\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Deyr ez Zor petrol \u015firketinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fcretimi 38 bin varili buldu.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer taraftan England Golf Sands ve Rusya Seyoz Petrol ile birlikte petrol kuyular\u0131 a\u00e7ma i\u015flemleri yapmaktayd\u0131.\u00a0 <\/p>\n 2011 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Suriye\u2019de petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u015firketlerin listesi ve \u00fcretim kapasiteleri \u015fu \u015fekildeydi <\/strong><\/p>\n Petrol\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015firketlerinin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 alanlar\u0131 \u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Suriye\u2019de petrol rezervleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Resmi rakamlar, Suriye\u2019de 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck petrol \u00fcretiminin 600 bin varile ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu \u00fcretimin g\u00fcnl\u00fck 380 bin varile d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. <\/p>\n Arap Ekonomik Birli\u011finin 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Suriye\u2019de 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla petrol rezervleri 4.15 milyar varil dolaylar\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/p>\n Suriye resmi haber ajans\u0131 SANA, 2011\u2019in ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde Suriye petrol \u00fcretiminin 34,828 milyon varil oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretimi 2,5 milyar metre k\u00fcp, g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak da 29,6 milyon metre k\u00fcp oldu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n Suriye\u2019de i\u015fletilmemi\u015f petrol alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Amerikan ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezleri Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Akdeniz sular\u0131nda dev bir petrol ve do\u011fal gaz rezerv yataklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Yine ayn\u0131 merkezlere g\u00f6re burada 122 trilyon metre k\u00fcp do\u011fal gaz ve 107 milyar varil ham petrol rezervi bulunmakta. Bunun \u00fczerine Suriye Petrol bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkenin s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgesinde ve k\u0131y\u0131 sular\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 blo\u011fa b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f petrol ara\u015ft\u0131rma-\u00e7\u0131karma ihalesinin ilan\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ancak \u00fclkede ba\u015flayan i\u00e7 sava\u015f nedeniyle petrol \u015firketleri ihaleye pek yana\u015fmad\u0131. Yine petrol bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yedi petrol \u015firketinin ihale formlar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 fakat daha sonra hi\u00e7 bir geli\u015fme ya\u015fanmad\u0131. <\/p>\n (Kaynak: Suriye Petrol Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131- B\u00f6lgeler ve bloklar\u0131n koordinatlar\u0131) \u00a0 Suriye Petrol bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Halep\u2019in 103 km g\u00fcneyinde 39 milyar ton hammadde oldu\u011funu ve 150 km karelik \u015fist ya\u011f\u0131 (petrol ya\u011f\u0131) b\u00f6lgesi ke\u015ffedildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 ve 7 Temmuz 2011\u2019de ihale \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Ancak bu konuda da bir geli\u015fme ya\u015fanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00a0 Suriye petrol t\u00fcketimi<\/strong><\/p>\n Suriye d\u00fcnyada, petrol\u00fc en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketen 49. \u00fclkedir. Arabalarda petrol gaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kanunen yasak oldu\u011fundan Suriye\u2019de t\u00fcm arabalar benzin ve mazot ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u0131s\u0131tmada da \u00e7o\u011funlukla mazot kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Yine i\u00e7 sava\u015f ile beraber elektri\u011fin genellikle kesik olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ayd\u0131nlatmada ve arazi sulamas\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli oranda mazot kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Suriye\u2019de sava\u015f ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce de ilkbahar ile sonbahar mevsimlerinin sonlar\u0131nda insanlar \u0131s\u0131nma ve arazi sulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in petrol ofisleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde tela\u015fla bekliyorlard\u0131. Bazen, g\u00fcnlerce yak\u0131t temin etmek i\u00e7in kuyruklarda kal\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ba\u015flayan sava\u015f durumu daha da vahimle\u015ftirdi. Resmi rakamlara g\u00f6re Suriye\u2019de g\u00fcnl\u00fck ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petrol t\u00fcketimi en az 300 bin varil civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n \u00a0 Suriye\u2019de \u015fu ana kadar biri Humus\u2019ta di\u011feri Banyas\u2019ta olmak \u00fczere\u00a0 iki petrol rafinerisi kurulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Bu rafinerilerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck kapasitesi 250 bin varildir. Suriye ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petrol a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Rusya, \u00c7in, \u0130ran ve Venezuella\u2019dan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petrol\u00fc ithal ediyor veya ham petrol\u00fc yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6ndererek rafine edip geri al\u0131yor. S\u00f6ylentilere g\u00f6re Suriye petrol\u00fc ek\u015fi ve a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in her rafineri \u015firketi kabul etmiyor. Suriye\u2019nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petrol ithalat\u0131 60 bin varil iken sava\u015ftan \u00f6nceki ihracat\u0131 da 15 bin varili buluyordu.<\/p>\n Do\u011fal gaz<\/strong><\/p>\n Deyim yerindeyse Suriye, tam bir do\u011fal gaz zengini \u00fclkedir. Bilinen do\u011fal gaz rezervleri 240,7 trilyon metrek\u00fcpt\u00fcr. Ancak Suriye\u2019de do\u011fal gaz hen\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Evlerde \u00e7o\u011funlukla t\u00fcp gaz kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli alan ise \u015eam ve civar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde elektrik \u00fcretimi ama\u00e7l\u0131 kurulan santrallerdir. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde nehir ve barajlar\u0131n olmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretim santralleri do\u011fal gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumdad\u0131r. <\/p>\n Sava\u015ftan \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda do\u011fal gaz\u0131n daha ucuz maliyeti oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ka\u00e7ak olarak taksi ve pikap\u00a0 gibi arabalarda kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n Do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretimi y\u0131ll\u0131k 8.94 milyar metrek\u00fcp. D\u00earik (el-Malikiye), Deyr ez Zor ve Humus \u00e7\u00f6llerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketimi y\u0131ll\u0131k 9.70 milyar metrek\u00fcp.<\/p>\n Do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 700 milyon metrek\u00fcp.<\/p>\n Do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye aras\u0131nda 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. Anla\u015fma gere\u011fi M\u0131s\u0131r do\u011fal gaz\u0131n\u0131 Suriye, \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131mak \u00fczere Arap Do\u011fal Gaz Boru Hatt\u0131 kuruldu. 1200 km olan bu hat, 2009\u2019da faaliyete ge\u00e7ti. Bu boru hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinden Suriye,\u00a0 g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak 2,5 milyon metre k\u00fcp do\u011fal gaz\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan ithal ediyor ve bu hala devam ediyor. Bu miktar Suriye\u2019de do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketiminin y\u00fczde 7\u2019sini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. <\/p>\n 2011\u2019den sonra durum<\/strong><\/p>\n Amerika Enerji Ajans\u0131 raporlar\u0131nda Ekim 2012\u2019ye kadar Suriye\u2019deki petrol \u00fcretiminin 2,9 milyar dolar de\u011ferinde zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ifade ediliyor. Ayn\u0131 raporlara g\u00f6re Suriye\u2019de petrol \u00fcretimi yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya inmi\u015f durumda. <\/p>\n Bu nedenle Suriye rejimi son zamanlarda \u0130ran\u2019dan petrol almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Medyaya da yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Suriye S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131 \u00fczerinden petrol ta\u015f\u0131ma gemileriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda petrol ald\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Esad\u2019\u0131n Irak Maliki h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda petrol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair de s\u00f6ylentiler var. Di\u011fer yandan ise Suriye ile Rusya, Irak, \u0130ran ve Venez\u00fcella\u2019n\u0131n enerji dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 devam ediyor. Suriye Ba\u015fbakan eski yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Kadri Cemil\u2019in Rusya\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda Rusya\u2019dan ham petrol kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f petrol al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. <\/p>\n Petrol alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kontrol<\/strong><\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn Suriye\u2019de petrol alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kontrol \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 taraf\u0131n elinde bulunuyor. Bunlar K\u00fcrtler, muhalif Araplar ve Esad h\u00fck\u00fcmetidir.\u00a0 <\/p>\n 1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesi<\/strong><\/p>\n 19 Temmuz 2012\u2019de K\u00fcrtler kendi \u015fehirlerinde kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7tiler. Suriye\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli petrol b\u00f6lgesi D\u00earik (El-Malikiye) 21 Temmuz 2012\u2019de K\u00fcrtlerin kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. D\u00earik\u2019te g\u00fcnl\u00fck 7000 t\u00fcp gaz kapasiteye sahip bir fabrika bulunmaktad\u0131r. A\u011fustos 2012\u2019den sonra bu fabrika K\u00fcrtlerin kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti ve Halk Savunma Birlikleri (YPG) taraf\u0131ndan korunuyor. <\/p>\n YPG, sonras\u0131nda da b\u00f6lge \u00fczerinde ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kontrol\u00fc geli\u015ftirdi. \u015eubat 2013\u2019te b\u00f6lgeden toplanan petrol\u00fc ana petrol hatlar\u0131na aktaran ve Rim\u00ealan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda kalan Gir Z\u00eero petrol aktar\u0131m merkezinde kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi ve rejimi oradan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n Mart 2013\u2019te ise Suriye\u2019de petrol \u015fehri olarak bilinen, D\u00earik\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Rim\u00ealan\u2019da kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi. Bu \u015fekilde K\u00fcrtler kendi b\u00f6lgelerindeki petrol alanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n Suriye tarihi boyunca bu alanlardan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan petrol gelirinden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lan K\u00fcrtlerin ne \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr Suriye Ordusu na ne de rejime g\u00fcveni var. 2013 Temmuz\u2019unda El Kaide\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 baz\u0131 olu\u015fumlar ile \u00d6SO, bu b\u00f6lgelere girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysa da YPG taraf\u0131ndan sert bir direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131lar. Aylarca s\u00fcren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda s\u00f6z konusu gruplar, verdikleri a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plardan sonra geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131.\u00a0 <\/p>\n Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n AB D\u0131\u015f i\u015fleri bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n muhaliflerden petrol sat\u0131n almaya d\u00f6n\u00fck karar\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 ay sonra geli\u015fmesi ise vurgulanmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli bir nokta olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n T\u00fcm K\u00fcrt siyasi partilerini i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran K\u00fcrt Y\u00fcksek Konseyi \u00fcyesi \u0130lham Ahmed yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u2018\u2019K\u00fcrt Konseyinin karar\u0131 olmadan hi\u00e7bir taraf K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan petrol\u00fc alamaz ve ihra\u00e7 edemez\u2019\u2019 dedi. <\/p>\n 2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Muhaliflerin b\u00f6lgesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Deyr ez Zor b\u00f6lgesindeki petrol alanlar\u0131 genel olarak muhaliflerin kontrol\u00fcndedir. Ancak ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede \u00f6zellikle \u015fehre yak\u0131n alanlar ve \u015fehrin bat\u0131s\u0131nda kalan alanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hala Esad g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin kontrol\u00fcnde bulunmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgesinin aksine buradaki petrol kuyular\u0131 bombard\u0131man ve acemice kullan\u0131m nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Petrol\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131 ve ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye olmak \u00fczere d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Muhalifler Ekim 2012\u2019den sonra bu b\u00f6lgenin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ancak burada petrol alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kontrol kuran gruplar aras\u0131nda tam bir karga\u015fa s\u00f6z konusudur. Devlet buradaki a\u015firetlerin silahlanmas\u0131na y\u0131llarca g\u00f6z yumdu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir\u00e7o\u011fu kendi silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n\u0131 kurup belli alanlarda kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131. A\u015firetlere ba\u011fl\u0131 ve \u00d6SO olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden gruplar bu alanlar \u00fczerinde kontrol kurmak i\u00e7in kom\u015fu a\u015firetlerle \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar gittik\u00e7e derinle\u015fiyor. \u00d6zellikle b\u00f6lgenin en geni\u015f iki Arap a\u015fireti olan Bagara ve Teyi a\u015firetleri aras\u0131nda defalarca \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Di\u011fer yandan \u00d6SO ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan belli gruplar bu b\u00f6lgede belli alanlar \u00fczerinde kontrol kurdu. Faruk ve Tevhid alaylar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere irili ufakl\u0131 bilinmeyen onlarca grup daha bu hengameye kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu gruplar kendi hakimiyet alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek amac\u0131yla da s\u0131k s\u0131k kendi aralar\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. <\/p>\n Bu b\u00f6lgede hakimiyet kuran bir ba\u015fka silahl\u0131 taraf ise Nusra Cephesi. <\/p>\n Belirtmek gerekir ki ileti\u015fim sorunlar\u0131, b\u00f6lgede onlarca silah grubun olmas\u0131 ve devam eden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle Deyr ez Zor b\u00f6lgesi \u00fczerindeki hakimiyetin kimde oldu\u011fu veya gruplar\u0131n durumu i\u00e7in bir harita \u00e7\u0131karmak \u00e7ok zor.<\/p>\n 2011\u2019de Deyr ez Zor b\u00f6lgesinden g\u00fcnl\u00fck 150 bin varil ham petrol \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bilgiler vard\u0131. Ancak sava\u015ftan sonra buradaki kuyular b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve \u00fcretim \u00e7ok azald\u0131. \u015eu an g\u00fcnl\u00fck 40 bin varil \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. <\/p>\n \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan petrol\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7 pazarda sat\u0131l\u0131yor. Kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n ise tankerlerle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n 3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Esad b\u00f6lgesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Tedmur \u00e7\u00f6llerinde kalan petrol alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde Esad g\u00fc\u00e7leri hakimiyetinin tam oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu \u00e7\u00f6llerde n\u00fcfusun az olmas\u0131 \u2013halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00f6\u00e7ebe- ve askeri birliklerin bulunmas\u0131, bu alanlar \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fc kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Petrol ta\u015f\u0131ma hatt\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Humus\u2019a kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yine b\u00f6lge Suriye ile Irak aras\u0131ndaki yegane yol oldu\u011fundan Esad\u2019\u0131n buray\u0131 muhaliflere kolayca kapt\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyor. Ancak bu b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok az miktarda ham petrol ve do\u011fal gaz \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca bu b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan petrol ile do\u011fal gaz\u0131n maliyetinin daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. <\/p>\n Hangi b\u00f6lgeyi kim kontrol ediyor <\/p>\n \u00a0Esad h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kontrol\u00fcndeki petrol alanlar\u0131<\/p>\n Suriye i\u00e7 piyasas\u0131nda son durum<\/strong><\/p>\n Suriye i\u00e7 pazar\u0131nda rafine edilmi\u015f petrol\u00fc temin etmek olduk\u00e7a zor. Devlet, kontrol\u00fc kaybetti\u011fi b\u00f6lgelere rafine edilmi\u015f petrol\u00fc g\u00f6ndermiyor. Zaten Banyas ve Humus rafinerilerinden g\u00f6ndermesi olduk\u00e7a tehlikeli ve zor. Devlet, paras\u0131 pe\u015fin \u00f6denmek \u015fart\u0131yla isteyene Banyas yak\u0131n\u0131nda y\u00fcksek fiyatlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veriyor (1 dolar\/litre). Ancak yol \u00fczerinde onlarca silahl\u0131 grubun kontrol noktalar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n her birinin ge\u00e7i\u015f vergisi ve komisyon istemesi nedeniyle petrol\u00fcn uzak b\u00f6lgelere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 hem zor oluyor hem de y\u00fcksek maliyet istiyor. Bazen de petrol tankerleri sahipleriyle beraber ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve bir daha da haber al\u0131nam\u0131yor. <\/p>\n Rejim kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde benzin fiyat\u0131 2,5 dolar civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan rejimin kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lgelerden ham petrol i\u00e7 pazarlarda sat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu b\u00f6lgelerden gelen 12\u2019ye yak\u0131n petrol \u00e7e\u015fidi bulunmakta ve insanlar rengine g\u00f6re ay\u0131rt ediyorlar. Her bir rengin bir fiyat\u0131 var ve her renkteki ham petrol belli \u0131s\u0131 derecelerinde ve farkl\u0131 makinelerde i\u015fleme tabi tutuluyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin en ucuzu olan siyah renkli petrol \u0131s\u0131nmada kullan\u0131l\u0131yor ve varili 20 dolar civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Sar\u0131 renkli ham petrol jenerat\u00f6rler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rken ye\u015fil renkli olan\u0131 benzin ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n Petrol \u015fehri Rim\u00ealan YPG\u2019nin kontrol\u00fcnde <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=p0qVY5sPpvE<\/p>\n K\u00fcrt Halk Savunma Birlikleri kontrol\u00fcndeki petrol <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=puJgcTm5iEk<\/p>\n \u00d6SO\u2019nun elindeki petrol alanlar\u0131 <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4STLxeCTBxM<\/p>\n Muhalefetin petrol aramas\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NZFljDuBg94<\/p>\n Deyr ez Zor\u2019da Asala tugay\u0131 ba\u015fka bir tugay\u0131n elindeki petrol kuyular\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xdQEgMD_VQ0& feature=youtu.be<\/p>\n 27 Nisan 2013: Deyr ez Zor\u2019da bir petrol kuyusu ate\u015fe verildi <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3Jci0ecgRUU<\/p>\n 18 Ekim 2012: Deyr ez Zor\u2019da petrol boru hatlar\u0131 patlat\u0131ld\u0131 <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1ANZ5v98coc<\/p>\n Eyl\u00fcl 2012: Esad g\u00fc\u00e7leri Deyr ez Zor\u2019da petrol boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131 bombalad\u0131 <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=47dhuZuJgnI<\/p>\n 25 Nisan 2013: Deyr ez Zor\u2019a kurulmak \u00fczere Ak\u00e7akale-Tel Abyad s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kapasitede petrol rafinerileri geldi <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?feature=player_embedded& v=xu6hEGAPwKo<\/p>\n Al Arabiya TV <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cnJuhS1kpLc<\/p>\n Deyr ez Zor: Petrol boru hatlar\u0131nda patlama <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hT2_Z1z7pds<\/p>\n Petrol \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan makineler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken Azaz il\u00e7esini kontrol eden Kuzey F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 Alay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Liwa Asifet el-\u015eimal) payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc \u00e7eken ki\u015fi makinelerin Alay taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Katar\u2019a g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EEVQPqdrDME<\/p>\n Berzan \u00ceso K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/p>\n www.navendalekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 www.lekolin.info<\/p>\n \t<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/200.png\")
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