\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ![](\"http:\/\/lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1000-1.gif\")
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1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131nda gizlice yap\u0131lan Sykes-Picot Anla\u015fmas\u0131yla \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin denetiminde bulunan K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 kendi aralar\u0131nda payla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u0130ngiltere, \u0131rak\u2019ta kurdu\u011fu manda y\u00f6netimi ile Musul ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal ederken Fransa\u2019da Suriye\u2019yi mandas\u0131 haline getirerek G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Manda y\u00f6netiminin Suriye\u2019deki 26 y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcren i\u015fgal ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn iki temel hedefi bulunuyordu. Bunlardan birincisi, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden s\u00f6m\u00fcrge devletinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki topraklardan ekonomik anlamda faydalanmakt\u0131. \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi, G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ederek Kerk\u00fck ve Musul petrollerini denetimine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fransa\u2019da G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n Cizire b\u00f6lgesinde petrol \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130kinci ise, Frans\u0131z manda y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fabilecek tehditleri \u00f6nleyici bir idare anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 kurmakt\u0131. Bu ama\u00e7la Frans\u0131zlar, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde artan Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin Suriye\u2019de manda y\u00f6netimine tehdit olu\u015fturmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in dini az\u0131nl\u0131klara bir t\u00fcr \u00f6zerklik sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve bu yolla S\u00fcnni Araplar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 bir denge kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6zerklik talepleri ise manda y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Frans\u0131zlar, bu siyasetle b\u00f6lgedeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan Araplarla dengelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Buna ek olarak Frans\u0131zlar, \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyinde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f D\u00fcrz\u00eeler ve kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Nusayriler i\u00e7in de \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeler tahsis etmi\u015f ve ayr\u0131ca \u2018Sancak\u2019 olarak bilinen \u0130skenderun\u2019a \u00f6zerklik vererek Suriye\u2019de bir b\u00f6l-y\u00f6net siyaseti izlemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Suriye\u2019de bug\u00fcn Nusayri cemaatinin iktidar\u0131 elinde bulundurmas\u0131n nedenlerinden biri de bu uygulamad\u0131r. Fransa d\u00f6neminde Nusayri\u2019ler Fransa\u2019ya daha yak\u0131n olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in iktidar\u0131 ellerinde bulundurdular. Bug\u00fcnde Esat ailesinin Nusayri cemaatinden olu\u015fu nedeniyle hala bu sistem ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrt ink\u00e2r\u0131 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda Frans\u0131z deste\u011fi<\/p>\n
G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtler de 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda manda y\u00f6netimine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fvuruda \u00f6zerklik taleplerini dile getirmi\u015flerdi. Bu talepler anadilde e\u011fitim, K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgelere K\u00fcrt y\u00f6neticilerin atanmas\u0131 ve bu b\u00f6lgelerde K\u00fcrt\u00e7enin de resmi dil olarak kabul edilmesiydi. Ancak Fransa, dini az\u0131nl\u0131klara \u00f6zerklik vermesine kar\u015f\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6zerklik talebini kabul etmemi\u015fti. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 Afrin ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde manda y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steriler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6zerklik taleplerinin kabul edilmeyi\u015finin en \u00f6nemli nedeni ise Fransa ile yeni kurulan ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7en T\u00fcrk devletinin, G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda bulunduran \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 kendi aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ittifak olu\u015fturuyordu. T\u00fcrk devletinin Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da pervas\u0131zca uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 katliam ve T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n da deste\u011fi bulunuyordu. Fransa, sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun tamam\u0131n\u0131 denetimine almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatmak istiyordu. Bunun i\u00e7in de \u0130ttihat Terakki (CHP) h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki soyk\u0131r\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemeye karar vermi\u015fti. Frans\u0131zlara g\u00f6re \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin K\u00fcrtlere verdi\u011fi her destek, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi zay\u0131flatma amac\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcyordu ve bu nedenle Frans\u0131zlar, Suriye ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de K\u00fcrtlere verilecek haklara ve \u00f6zerkli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktayd\u0131.
Sonu\u00e7 olarak Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n, G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da K\u00fcrtlere \u00f6zerklik vermemesinde Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki Fransa-\u0130ngiltere \u00e7eki\u015fmesinin ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u0130ttihat Terakki h\u00fck\u00fcmetine verdi\u011fi deste\u011fin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bunlar yan\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc-g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00f6nderlikten mahrum olmalar\u0131, manda y\u00f6netiminin ink\u00e2rc\u0131 politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kendi ulusal haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunamamalar\u0131 da belirleyici olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Darbelerle gelen Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi<\/p>\n
2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Fransa, mandas\u0131 durumundaki Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece 1946\u2019da da Suriye ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015ftu. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 takip eden on y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7ok istikrars\u0131z bir d\u00f6nem ge\u00e7irdi. \u00dclkede 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 darbe ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.\u00a0 Albay Edip \u015ei\u015fekli taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe ve sonras\u0131nda Suriye\u2019de, 5 y\u0131l boyunca ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar, siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k devam etti.
1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Cemal Abd\u00fclnas\u0131r\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 Krizi\u2019nde \u0130srail, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere birliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131yla Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi doru\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra da Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan Suriye ile Nas\u0131r liderli\u011finde, Birle\u015fik Arap Cumhuriyeti (BAC) kuruldu.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Suriye\u2019yi etkisi alt\u0131na alan Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, Suriye n\u00fcfusunun % 15\u2019ini olu\u015fturan K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 devlet destekli \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-ink\u00e2rc\u0131 politikalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi. 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e m\u00fczik ve yay\u0131n, resmi olarak yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-ink\u00e2rc\u0131 ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 Baas rejiminin yine bir gurup subay taraf\u0131ndan 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe ile iktidara geli\u015fi ard\u0131ndan daha da t\u0131rmand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Baas rejiminin darbe ile iktidara geldi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de ordu, Milli Birlik Komitesi(MBK) ad\u0131yla darbe ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek y\u00f6netime el koymu\u015ftu. Suriye ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbelerin ger\u00e7ek nedeni Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Mahabad K\u00fcrt Cumhuriyetinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki ve ard\u0131ndan 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda KDP\u2019nin Irak Baas rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele karar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fme, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131nda da K\u00fcrt iradesinin yeniden canlanmas\u0131na neden olmaktayd\u0131. Suriye ve T\u00fcrk devletlerindeki ordu subaylar\u0131,\u00a0 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri askeri darbelerle K\u00fcrt uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrtlerin hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu politikalar\u0131n temel amac\u0131 tek dilli, tek k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc, tek kimlikli ve tek inan\u00e7l\u0131 bir \u2018ulus devleti\u2019 yani sadece Araplardan ve sadece T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fan bir \u2018ulus-devlet\u2019i kurmakt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de MBK rejimi,\u00a0 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131rken, Suriye\u2019de de Baas rejimi G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik \u2018Arapla\u015ft\u0131rma ve Arap ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019 projesini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arap\u00e7a ismi \u2018X\u0131zama Arab\u00ee\u2019 ya da \u2018Kemera Arab\u00ee\u2019dir. \u0130lk uygulamaya kondu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde \u201810\u2019luk hat\u2019 olarak ta bilinir. Arap kemeri politikas\u0131 ile K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki demografik yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bu \u015fekilde Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan ile G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan aras\u0131na Araplar yerle\u015ftirilerek \u2018g\u00fcvenlik \u015feridi\u2019 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131na Araplar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6n g\u00f6ren, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n ink\u00e2r ve imhas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bu politikan\u0131n di\u011fer amac\u0131 da G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n Cizire b\u00f6lgesinin zengin petrol rezervlerine sahip olmas\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Baas rejiminin \u2018Asimilasyon program\u0131\u2019<\/p>\n
\u00a01961 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da g\u00f6rev yapan, Siyasi \u0130stihbarat \u015eube(Muhaberat Emin Siyasi) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Cizre b\u00f6lgesinden sorumlu ayn\u0131 zamanda koyu bir Arap milliyet\u00e7isi olan Binba\u015f\u0131 Muhammed Talib Hilal taraf\u0131ndan \u2018Ulusal, Toplumsal ve Siyasi Y\u00f6nleriyle K\u00fcrdistan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u2019 ad\u0131yla Baas rejimine bir rapor haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Cizre Muhaberat sorumlusunun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 27 May\u0131s darbesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Milli Birlik Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan Do\u011fu grubunun K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme program\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
Raporda Baas rejimine 12 maddelik bir eylem plan\u0131 sunulmu\u015ftur. Bu planda G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n Arapla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, K\u00fcrtlerin ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131,\u00a0 K\u00fcrt\u00e7e isim ve yer isimlerinin Arap\u00e7a isimleriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, Arap dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgelerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmamas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen K\u00fcrtlerin geri g\u00f6nderilmesi, Arap\u00e7a bilmeyen K\u00fcrtlerin oy kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6neriler yer al\u0131yordu.\u00a0\u00a0
G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik uygulanmak istenen tehcir ve asimilasyonun uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in de ayr\u0131ca ola\u011fan \u00fcst\u00fc hal uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesi de raporda \u00f6nerilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Raporda, tehcir ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen maddelerin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere yer veriliyordu:<\/p>\n
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arap\u00e7a bilmeyen K\u00fcrtlerin asimilasyonuna h\u0131z vermek i\u00e7in Arap\u00e7a okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131 ve okullara gidilmesi te\u015fvik edilmeli gerekirse zorunluluk haline getirilmeli,
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131. Ziraat i\u00e7in (ekip, bi\u00e7me) topraklar t\u00fcmden K\u00fcrtlerin elinden al\u0131nmal\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu topraklar\u0131n K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan kiralanmas\u0131 veya sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 engellenmeli,
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Araplar i\u00e7erisinde K\u00fcrt kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yarat\u0131larak, K\u00fcrtlerin tehlike olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 vurgusu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmeli ve yine Araplar k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131larak K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131,
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00fcrtlerin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu, K\u00fcrt bilincinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u015fehirlere Arap n\u00fcfusu kayd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusu par\u00e7alanmal\u0131,
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131ndaki birlik bozulmal\u0131, K\u00fcrt a\u015firetler birbirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek i\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma yarat\u0131lmal\u0131,
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cizre b\u00f6lgesindeki petrol rezervlerinin oldu\u011fu alanlar askeri b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7ine al\u0131narak g\u00fcvenlikleri sa\u011flanmal\u0131, bu b\u00f6lgelerin \u00e7evresine Araplar\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilmeli,
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buralara yerle\u015ftirilecek Araplar i\u00e7in k\u00f6yler kurulmal\u0131 ve buradaki Araplar askeri alanda e\u011fitilip silahland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ba\u015fta Cizre b\u00f6lgesi olmak \u00fczere K\u00fcrt ulusal bilincinin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde kalan K\u00fcrtlere kesinlikle vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 verilmemeli kimliksiz b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131,<\/p>\n
Baas diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn K\u00fcrt paranoyas\u0131<\/p>\n
Raporda belirtilenler Baas rejimi taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilip yasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bu yasalar\u0131n uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in Mart 1963\u2019te ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal yasas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Baas rejiminin \u00e7ekirdek \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi olan El Cewiye ve Emin Siyasi, Emin Askeri istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fctleri (Muhaberat), bu yasa ile geni\u015f yetkilerle donat\u0131ld\u0131. Yasalar\u0131n kendilerine verdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z yetki ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc katliam ve i\u015fkence yapabileceklerdi. Baas rejimi i\u00e7in tehdit unsuru olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen K\u00fcrtler ve \u00f6nc\u00fcleri takip edilip g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p tutuklanacakt\u0131. G\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcreleri belirsizdi. G\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nanlar\u0131n ak\u0131betleri bilinmedi\u011fi gibi durumlar\u0131n\u0131 sormak isteyenlerde ayn\u0131 ak\u0131betle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yordu. G\u00f6zalt\u0131nda i\u015fkence ve kay\u0131plar yayg\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imde uygulanarak halka g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 verilerek korku sal\u0131n\u0131yordu. Muhaberat\u2019\u0131n i\u015fkence ve katliamlar\u0131yla K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 sindirilerek bu \u015fekilde denetimde tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Muhaberat\u0131n bu ola\u011fan \u00fcst\u00fc uygulamalar\u0131na bir de devlet g\u00fcvenlik mahkemeleri eklenmi\u015fti. Muhaberat\u0131n 3-5 ay ve hatta daha fazla s\u00fcre ile g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda tuttuklar\u0131, Emin Siyasi-Emin Devli isimli devlet g\u00fcvenlik mahkemelerinde a\u011f\u0131r cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Mahkemede hi\u00e7bir hukuksal hak tan\u0131nm\u0131yordu. Al\u0131nan cezalar\u0131n temyizi bulunmuyordu.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Baas rejiminin iktidara geli\u015fi ard\u0131ndan onca zaman ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ola\u011fan \u00fcst\u00fc hal yasas\u0131 ve Muhaberat\u2019\u0131n faaliyetleri hala y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcktedir. Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki siyasi dengeler nedeniyle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal yasas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Haf\u0131z Esat d\u00f6neminde hafifletilerek uygulansa da K\u00fcrt kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politika Suriye\u2019de bir devlet politikas\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrekli uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu politika baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemler gizli ve olduk\u00e7a yumu\u015fak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bazen de \u00e7ok sert ve kat\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde olmu\u015ftur. Ama esasta K\u00fcrt varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrdistan par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri alt\u0131nda bulunduran T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran ve Suriye devletlerin birbirine olan kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, par\u00e7alardaki K\u00fcrtlerin ulusal birli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu devletler ortakl\u0131klar geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Ama bir taraftan da bunu birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 bir silah olarak kullanmaktan geri durmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n varolu\u015f kayna\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrt sorunun ink\u00e2r\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden gelmektedir. Ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye olmak \u00fczere Suriye ve \u0130ran devletleri i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda tuttuklar\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 ink\u00e2r ve katliam politikas\u0131n\u0131 dayat\u0131rken G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fkilerle tam tersi bir yakla\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7erisinde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0 K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda ulusal birli\u011fin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin de ulusal birlik \u00e7abalar\u0131ndan uzak duran sadece G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalan, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131ndaki K\u00fcrt ink\u00e2r ve katliamlar\u0131na sessiz kalan politikalar\u0131, ulusal birlik \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yine bu pasif politikalar, K\u00fcrdistan par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden devletlerin K\u00fcrt ink\u00e2r\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki \u0131srarlar\u0131n\u0131 cesaretlendirici niteliktedir.
\u00a0
Zoraki tehcir veya zorunlu toprak sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/p>\n
Suriye devleti, K\u00fcrtlerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131nda, Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na paralel bi\u00e7imde boydan boya Serkani\u2019den (Ceylanp\u0131nar) Cizire\u2019ye kadar uzanan hatta baz\u0131 yerlerde geni\u015fli\u011fine on kilometreye, baz\u0131 yerlerde yirmi kilometreye varan araziye el koyarak buralara Araplar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f bu \u015fekilde Arap k\u00f6yleri olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. T\u00fcrk devleti ise s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan taraf\u0131n\u0131 insans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rarak buralar\u0131 boydan boya NATO deste\u011fi ile may\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda bulunduran her iki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7, i\u015fgal ettikleri K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131nda kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fabilecek K\u00fcrt ulusal birli\u011fini engellemek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ink\u00e2r ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u0130nk\u00e2r ve tehcir plan\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan, K\u00fcrtlerin ya\u015fam gerek\u00e7elerini-topraklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7elerle ellerinden alan Baas rejimi, K\u00fcrtleri a\u00e7l\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getiriyordu. \u0130\u015f bulmak-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in K\u00fcrtler, par\u00e7a par\u00e7a kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ayn\u0131 politika Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da T\u00fcrk devleti taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131yordu. Bug\u00fcn de sinsi bir \u015fekilde uygulanan G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 K\u00fcrts\u00fczle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131yla K\u00fcrtlere topraklar\u0131n\u0131 Araplara satmalar\u0131 te\u015fvik ediliyor. De\u011ferinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde fiyatlar verilerek toprak sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 cazip hale getiriyorlar. Bu \u015fekilde K\u00fcrtlerin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi istekleriyle satmalar\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Tehcir politikas\u0131 sadece K\u00fcrtlerin Suriye \u015fehirlerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi. El Cewiye\u2019nin destekledi\u011fi \u2018insan tacirleri\u2019 K\u00fcrtleri Suriye d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Avrupa \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmekle g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015fti. K\u00fcrtlerin Suriye d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bir devlet politikas\u0131 olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Suriye istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 kanallar \u00fczerinden Suriye d\u0131\u015f\u0131na insan ka\u00e7\u0131ran tacirler, para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s, Yunanistan, \u0130talya ve Fransa gibi \u00fclkelere K\u00fcrtleri ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131yor. Bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcrt insan tacirlerinin vaatlerine kanarak, tarlas\u0131n\u0131, evini tacirlere ipotek ettirip Avrupa\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.
Suriye devleti K\u00fcrtlerin bu \u015fekilde arazilerini satarak \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli kanallar\u0131 \u00fczerinden bunu te\u015fvikte etmektedir. \u00d6zelliklede yurtseverlere, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 gerillada olan ailelere, PYD \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na bask\u0131 yaparak onlar\u0131n Suriye\u2019den ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a uygulanan bu \u00f6zel politika sonucu, a\u00e7l\u0131kla, bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc Suriye d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmakta g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Baas Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin, K\u00fcrt kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politikas\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen imha ve ink\u00e2r politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zelliklede K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi alt\u0131nda tutan devletlerin s\u0131n\u0131r hatlar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir K\u00fcrd\u00fcn kalmamas\u0131, par\u00e7alar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin t\u00fcmden kesilmesi ortak hedefler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. K\u00fcrt kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politikalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ekse de, en az onun kadar \u0130ran ve Suriye\u2019de kendi \u00e7aplar\u0131nda bu i\u015fin i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n
Suriye devleti uygulamaya koydu\u011fu tehcir ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 ile muhtemel bir K\u00fcrt direni\u015finin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bunun i\u00e7inde G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 K\u00fcrts\u00fczle\u015ftirerek, K\u00fcrt kimli\u011fi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn izlerini silmeyi bir devlet politikas\u0131 haline getirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu.\u00a0 E\u011fer bu politikalar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa K\u00fcrtler, Ortado\u011fu dengelerindeki olas\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fimde Suriye devleti i\u00e7in bir tehdit olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lacakt\u0131.\u00a0 G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tecr\u00fcbenin di\u011fer par\u00e7alarda tekrarlanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran paralelinde Suriye devleti de K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 gerekli tedbirleri al\u0131yordu.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Ekonomi ve \u00fcretimde devlet denetimi<\/p>\n
Suriye, tar\u0131m alan\u0131ndaki gelirinin %70 G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ek Suriye devletinin ekonomi bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da do\u011frulanmaktad\u0131r. Tah\u0131l \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, pamuk, sebze-meyve ve zeytin G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da \u00fcretilmektedir. Buna ra\u011fmen G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7ok u\u00e7 boyuttad\u0131r. Devlet taraf\u0131ndan K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a uygulanan ekonomik politikalar nedeniyle serbest ticarete izin verilmemektedir. \u00c7ift\u00e7i \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc devlete satmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ift\u00e7i devletin belirledi\u011fi kota d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda fazla ekim yapamaz. Bu konuda \u00fcretimde \u00e7ift\u00e7iye s\u0131n\u0131r getiriliyor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde istedi\u011fi kadar arazi sat\u0131n alamaz. Neyi ne kadar ekece\u011fi devlet taraf\u0131nda belirleniyor. Hasat sonras\u0131nda tek al\u0131c\u0131 olan devlet, \u00e7it\u00e7inin \u00fcrettiklerinin de\u011ferini \u00e7ok ucuzdan tutarak \u00e7ift\u00e7iyi o fiyattan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc satmaya zorluyor. Di\u011fer taraftan ize mevcut a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ithal ederek kapat\u0131yor. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fc tarlada, bah\u00e7ede kalan \u00e7ift\u00e7i bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyebilmek i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok ucuza satmak zorunda kal\u0131yor. Bunun yan\u0131nda bir de \u00e7ift\u00e7iden al\u0131nan zorunlu vergiler vard\u0131r. Hasat sonunda ister olsun ister olmas\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirlenen miktarda vergisini vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ift\u00e7inin tarlas\u0131na ekece\u011fi tohum ve ila\u00e7 da devlet taraf\u0131ndan veriliyor. Bunlar\u0131 alacak nakit para olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7ift\u00e7i devletten faizle almaktad\u0131r. Faizlerde bilin\u00e7li olarak y\u00fcksek tutuluyor. Hasat zaman\u0131na kadar faizlerle biriken bor\u00e7 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hasat sonunda kald\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ancak kapatabilmektedir. Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, devlet her \u015fekilde halk\u0131 soymakta, devlete muhta\u00e7 b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen politika ile K\u00fcrt \u00e7ift\u00e7isini a\u00e7l\u0131kla terbiye etmektedir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da fabrika vb b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmeler bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bu ama\u00e7la d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan yat\u0131r\u0131mlara da izin verilmiyor. Sadece Halep, \u015eam gibi \u015fehirlerde devletin denetiminde kurulabiliyor. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ise sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin veriliyor.
Suriye devletinin K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomi politikalar\u0131 sadece Suriye ve G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Genel bir konsept olup T\u00fcrk devleti ve \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan Kuzey ve Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik uygulanmaktad\u0131r.
Yar\u0131s\u0131 ayd\u0131nl\u0131k, yar\u0131s\u0131 karanl\u0131k bir Ortado\u011fu kimli\u011fi: Haf\u0131z Esat <\/p>\n
Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fiyle k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Suriye\u2019nin 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 Alt\u0131 G\u00fcn Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda yenilerek Golan Tepeleri\u2019ni kaybetmesi ile Baas i\u00e7inde sorunlar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te hem h\u00fck\u00fcmette Savunma Bakan\u0131 olan hem de Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fcten Haf\u0131z Esat, 1970 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda \u2018D\u00fczeltme Hareketi\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi darbeyle y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irdi. <\/p>\n
Haf\u0131z Esat iktidara gelir gelmez \u00f6ncelikle askeri harcamalar\u0131 art\u0131rarak orduyu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. \u00dclke i\u00e7inde ise iki temel politikay\u0131 uygulamaya koydu. Bunlardan ilki, kendi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak kendi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in kendisinin de mensup oldu\u011fu Nusayri cemaatine ait siyaset\u00e7ileri ve subaylar\u0131 kilit noktalara getirdi. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerle hem devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131, hem Baas Partisi lideri hem de meclisteki partilerle birlikte olu\u015fturulan Ulusal \u0130lerici Cephe (U\u0130C)\u2019nin lideri oldu ve b\u00f6ylece siyasi alanda kontrol\u00fc eline ald\u0131. Hava kuvvetleri istihbarat\u0131 Muhaberat El Cewiye\u2019yi ve Muhaberat Emin Siyasi\u2019yi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek \u00fclke i\u00e7inde kendi rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri sert bir \u015fekilde bast\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015flerin 1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hama\u2019daki ayaklanmas\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. Suriye askerlerinin sert m\u00fcdahalesi ve sonras\u0131nda kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine ate\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine on binlerce ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Esat\u2019\u0131n ikinci uygulamas\u0131 ise G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik Arap ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 projesinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 rafa kald\u0131rd\u0131. Baas rejiminin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcrt partilerinin daha rahat bir \u015fekilde faaliyet g\u00f6stermesine izin verdi. Baas rejimi taraf\u0131ndan siyasi nedenlerden dolay\u0131 tutuklanan K\u00fcrtler, Haf\u0131z Esat taraf\u0131ndan serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Yine yasakl\u0131 olan Newroz bayram\u0131 resmi bayram yap\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n
Haf\u0131z Esat, K\u00fcrtler \u00fcst\u00fcndeki Arap milliyet\u00e7i bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hafifleterek baz\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmelere gitmi\u015f olsa da K\u00fcrtlere temel haklar\u0131n\u0131 vermekten uzak durdu. K\u00fcrtlerle olan ili\u015fkilerinde taktik y\u00f6n daha fazla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karken Arapla\u015ft\u0131rmaya dayal\u0131 asimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n daha ince y\u00f6ntemlerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini esas ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u201cHaf\u0131z Esat, hi\u00e7bir zaman radikal Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00e7izgisini a\u015fmad\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck olan otoritesinden ve i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7mekte oldu\u011fu ko\u015fullardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, despotik klasik devletle devrimci demokratik devlet aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7izgide durdu. \u0130lahi devletin bir aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 halk\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. San\u0131lan\u0131n aksine, otoriter ve kutsal devleti basit\u00e7e k\u0131smen halk\u0131n hizmetine vermi\u015fti. Yar\u0131s\u0131 ayd\u0131nl\u0131k, yar\u0131s\u0131 karanl\u0131k bir Ortado\u011fu kimli\u011fiydi. K\u00fcrt \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketine d\u00fc\u015fman de\u011fildi. Ama K\u00fcrt \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketiyle olan ili\u015fkilerinde taktik yan\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r basan bir ili\u015fki bi\u00e7imini asla a\u015fmak istemedi. Geleneksel ideoloji, devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, milliyet\u00e7ilik ve diplomatik g\u00fc\u00e7ler dostlu\u011funu engelliyordu. En b\u00fcy\u00fck yi\u011fitli\u011fi, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 istiyor diye d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yapmamas\u0131yd\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda Firavun torunu M\u0131s\u0131r Ba\u015fkan\u0131 M\u00fcbarek ile etraf\u0131ndaki b\u00fcrokrasiyi a\u015facak g\u00fc\u00e7te olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zorlayacak konumda de\u011fildi.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n
Haf\u0131z Esat \u00f6nderli\u011fi ABD-Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Hegemonya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak v\u00fccut bulmu\u015ftu. Sovyetlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle kritik a\u015famada hi\u00e7bir taktik ili\u015fkiyi koruyacak durumda de\u011fildi. PKK ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi dengelerken bir anlamda 1958\u2019deki Suriye \u00fczerindeki T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin tehdidini ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0130srail yanl\u0131s\u0131 e\u011filimine yan\u0131t ar\u0131yordu. (Abdullah \u00d6calan)<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7te generallerin ve b\u00fcrokrasi bask\u0131s\u0131, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130srail\u2019in deste\u011fini arkas\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk devletinin bask\u0131lar\u0131na daha fazla direnemedi. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Adana mutabakat\u0131 ile Suriye, T\u00fcrk devletine ve onun arkas\u0131ndakilere teslim olmu\u015ftu. Bu teslimiyet, K\u00fcrtlere ve PKK\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bir\u00e7ok devletin i\u00e7inde yer alaca\u011f\u0131 uluslar aras\u0131 komplonun start\u0131 Suriye devletinin teslim al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
2000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda Haf\u0131z Esat\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi \u00fczerine yerine Baas rejiminin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc elinde bulunduran generaller, Haf\u0131z Esat\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Be\u015far Esat\u2019\u0131 \u00fclkenin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7irdiler. Frans\u0131z e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f Be\u015far Esat, babas\u0131n\u0131n aksine ba\u015fkalar\u0131na g\u00f6re kendini ayarlayabilen, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 istedi diye d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yapabilen bir ki\u015filikteydi.<\/p>\n
Suriye\u2019ye, T\u00fcrk devleti prangas\u0131<\/p>\n
ABD deste\u011fini arkas\u0131na alan T\u00fcrk devleti, Adana mutabakat\u0131 ile Suriye devletini, Fransa ard\u0131ndan kendi mandas\u0131 durumuna getirerek teslim alm\u0131\u015f, bu teslimiyet daha sonra CIA-MOSSAD operasyonu olan Hariri suikast\u0131 ile derinle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 The New Yorker dergisinde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131larla ismi duyulan Saymour Hersh, \u201cPakistan\u2019\u0131n eski Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Benazir Butto\u2019nun ve 14 \u015eubat 2005\u2032te Beyrut\u2019ta u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 sonucu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen L\u00fcbnan eski Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Refik Hariri\u2019nin d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, Dick Cheney\u2019in emriyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Hersh, \u201cL\u00fcbnan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Refik Hariri\u2019nin, ABD\u2019nin L\u00fcbnan\u2019da kurmak istedi\u011fi askeri \u00fcsse kar\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, suikast\u0131n CIA ve MOSSAD taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Refik Hariri suikast\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, Suriye\u2019nin hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD-\u0130ngiltere \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde geli\u015fen diplomatik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 uluslar aras\u0131 operasyonda Be\u015far Esat y\u00f6netimi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmek-ayakta kalabilmek i\u00e7in kendi ulusal de\u011ferlerinden vazge\u00e7erek T\u00fcrk devleti \u015fahs\u0131nda ABD ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye teslim olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk devletinin \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc mandas\u0131 olmay\u0131 kabul ederek Saddam\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelen ak\u0131betten kurtulmu\u015f oluyordu. Be\u015far ailesi iktidarda kalabilmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk devletine teslim olmay\u0131-T\u00fcrk devletinin kantlar\u0131 alt\u0131na girerek mandas\u0131 olmay\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kabul etmi\u015fti. Bu \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen teslimiyet politikas\u0131 ile Suriye devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma konusu haline getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk devletine teslim olman\u0131n elbette belli \u015fartlar\u0131 vard\u0131. O da K\u00fcrt kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ifadesini buluyordu. K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 ne kadar ac\u0131mas\u0131z olunursa T\u00fcrk devletiyle ili\u015fkilerde o derece \u201csamimi olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Suriye devletinin teslim oldu\u011funa dair ilk resmi antla\u015fma Ekim 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adana protokol\u00fcyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrt Halk \u00d6nderi Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik uluslar aras\u0131 komplonun da ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Adana protokol\u00fc ile K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan uluslar aras\u0131 komploya ortak olan Suriye devleti, komplonun gerektirdi\u011fi K\u00fcrt d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en iyi uygulayan devletleraras\u0131nda yer almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015fmanca tutumlar\u0131, toplu tutuklamalar\u0131, 2004 Qam\u0131\u015flo\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katliamla T\u00fcrk devletini sevindirmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrk devleti de \u00f6d\u00fcl olarak Suriye\u2019yi, \u2018Milli G\u00fcvenlik Siyaset Belgesi\u2019nde yer alan \u2018d\u00fc\u015fman devletler\u2019 s\u0131ralamas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
1998\u2019den itibaren ipini T\u00fcrk devletinin eline veren Suriye, PKK\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk devleti ile bir\u00e7ok konuda \u00e7e\u015fitli ek protokoller imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar i\u00e7inde istihbarat payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve PKK\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 ortak operasyonlar olmu\u015ftur. Suriye\u2019de bulunan PKK kadrolar\u0131 tutuklanarak a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fkencelerden ge\u00e7irilerek T\u00fcrk devletine teslim edilmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da \u2018Arap kemeri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ge\u00e7mi\u015ften beri y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan tehcir-ink\u00e2r-asimilasyon ve katliam politikas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden g\u00fcncelleyerek hayata ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.
K\u00fcrt kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk devletiyle kirli anla\u015fmalar<\/p>\n
Ekim 2010 tarihinde AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Suriye ile PKK\u2019nin tasfiyesi konusunda yeni bir antla\u015fman\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Suriye’nin L\u00e2sk\u00eeye \u015fehrinde yap\u0131lan Y\u00fcksek D\u00fczeyli Stratejik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi toplant\u0131s\u0131na T\u00fcrk devletinden D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ahmet Davuto\u011flu, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Be\u015fir Atalay ve Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131 Vecdi G\u00f6n\u00fcl’\u00fcn de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu12 bakan kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00a0AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bakanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yap\u0131lan \u2018Y\u00fcksek D\u00fczeyli Stratejik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konseyi\u2019 mutabakat\u0131n\u0131, 21 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye giden Suriye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Muhammed Naci Itri ile T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Tayip Erdo\u011fan, ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k merkez binas\u0131nda imzalad\u0131lar. Suriye, T\u00fcrk devleti ile 11 maddelik anla\u015fma yapt\u0131. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l da Suriye-T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda 51 maddelik anla\u015fma imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Anla\u015fman\u0131n birinci maddesinde yer alan \u201cTer\u00f6re ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ortak i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile PKK ve PYD\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 kirli ili\u015fkiler 1998’deki Adana Mutabakat\u0131’n\u0131n da \u00f6tesine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0 S\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fmalarla PYD ve PKK\u2019nin T\u00fcrk devletinin deste\u011fiyle \u201cetkisizle\u015ftirilmesi planlan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Toplant\u0131da, PKK\u2019lilerin yakalanarak Kuzey K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 olanlar\u0131n iadesi ve yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren Adana mutabakat\u0131n yenilenmesi ve i\u00e7eri\u011findeki unsurlar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re Suriye devleti, T\u00fcrk devletinin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine bug\u00fcne kadar Kuzey K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 PKK\u2019lileri T\u00fcrk devletine teslim ediyordu. En son yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da T\u00fcrk devletinin elinde esir tutulan G\u00fcneybat\u0131 K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131 PKK\u2019lilerin Suriye\u2019ye teslim edilmesi de yer al\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca M\u0130T ve Muhaberat aras\u0131nda istihbarat payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusuna ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar da protokole eklendi.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re son yap\u0131lan 11 maddelik anla\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ter\u00f6re ve ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eximbank’\u0131n Suriye’ye kulland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 krediye ili\u015fkin mutabakat muht\u0131ras\u0131
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sosyal hizmetler ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 alan\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tapu ve kadastro m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015ftirilmesi
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konut ve in\u015faat alan\u0131ndaki mutabakat zapt\u0131n\u0131n 2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan uygulama program\u0131
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve istihdam alan\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 2011-2013 uygulama program\u0131
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elektrik \u00fcretimi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 alan\u0131nda mutabakat zapt\u0131
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7evreyi koruma i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 2011-2012 uygulama program\u0131
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suriye Merkez Bankas\u0131 ve BDDK aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131 ile Suriye Devlet Planlama Komisyonu aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi mutabakat zapt\u0131n\u0131n 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131
\u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye Motorlu Ta\u015f\u0131t B\u00fcrosu ile Suriye Sigorta Federasyonu aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi niyet beyan\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yasin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kaya<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/p>\n
www.navendalekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 www.lekolin.info<\/p>\n
\t<\/p>\n