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\t\t\t\t\t\t25 y\u0131ld\u0131r siyan\u00fcre maruz kalan K\u00fctahya\u2019da Eti G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u015eirketi\u2019ne ait maden oca\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelen siyan\u00fcr facias\u0131 ard\u0131ndan \u00c7evre M\u00fchendisler Odas\u0131 (CMO) ve Greenpeace, \u00f6rnek analizlerinde i\u00e7me suyundaki siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn normal de\u011ferin y\u00fczde 40 \u00fcst\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu tespit etti. 5.9 \u015fiddetindeki depremle birlikte siyan\u00fcr havuzunda \u00e7\u00f6kme riski artt\u0131. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden \u00c7evre ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7evre felaketlerini ink\u00e2r eden bir bakanl\u0131k diyerek tepki g\u00f6steren Greenpeace Akdeniz Denizler Kampanyas\u0131 Sorumlusu Banu D\u00f6kmeciba\u015f\u0131, acilen \u00fcretimin durdurulmas\u0131 ve tesisin daimi olarak kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/p>\n
K\u00fctahya\u2019daki Eti G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u015eirketi\u2019ne ait maden oca\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fanan siyan\u00fcr facias\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet halen tedbir almayarak, s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 ink\u00e2r ederken, ya\u015fanan son depremle birlikte \u00e7evre ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin kayg\u0131lar\u0131 artt\u0131. \u00c7evre Bakan\u0131, \u201cetraf\u0131 bir gram bile siyan\u00fcr s\u0131zmad\u0131 iddias\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Metal\u00fcrji M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131, \u201cben kendi g\u00f6zlerimle g\u00f6rd\u00fcm s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 demi\u015fti. Bununla birlikte Maden M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (MMO) 7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Eti G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f A\u015e\u2019nin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesinde en y\u00fcksek teklifi veren firmaya ili\u015fkin olarak, \u201cMadencilik deneyimi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ya da benzeri hi\u00e7bir i\u015fletmecilik yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. TMMOB \u00c7evre M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 da, \u00e7\u00f6kme sonras\u0131nda siyan\u00fcr s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n K\u00f6pr\u00fc\u00f6ren K\u00f6y\u00fc su kaynaklar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. T\u00fcrk Tabipleri Birli\u011fi (TTB), G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f A\u015e\u2019ye ait i\u015fletmenin at\u0131klar\u0131nda bulunan siyan\u00fcrden daha tehlikeli ve \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre etkili olabilecek a\u011f\u0131r metal kirlenmesinin \u201cg\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
Greenpeace Akdeniz Denizler Kampanyas\u0131 Sorumlusu Banu D\u00f6kmeciba\u015f\u0131 ile K\u00fctahya\u2019daki siyan\u00fcr s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n insan ve \u00e7evreye olan zararlar\u0131, depremin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu riskler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin tavr\u0131 ve al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirler konusunda ANF\u2019 ye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
YAVA\u015e YAVA\u015e ZEH\u0130RLEN\u0130YORLAR<\/p>\n
*K\u00fctahya\u2019daki siyan\u00fcr s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n insan ve \u00e7evreye olan zararlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/p>\n
Tesis etraf\u0131nda bulunan K\u00f6pr\u00fc\u00f6ren, K\u0131z\u0131lcakaya, Yoncal\u0131, \u00d6renk\u00f6y k\u00f6ylerinin uzakl\u0131klar\u0131 1 km ile 5 km aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor, K\u00fctahya’ya ise 34 km uzakl\u0131kta. Yani tesis yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde neredeyse\u2026 S\u00f6z konusu alanlar tar\u0131m arazileri, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131yor, yani b\u00f6lgenin ana ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131 tamamen tesisin bug\u00fcne dek yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yarataca\u011f\u0131 tahribat nedeniyle tehlike alt\u0131nda. Orada ya\u015fayanlar y\u0131llard\u0131r bu madendeki hidrojen siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn buharla\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle yava\u015f yava\u015f zehirleniyor, b\u00f6lgede kanserojen a\u011f\u0131r metaller \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve besin zincirine girmesine neden oluyor. Tesis y\u00f6neticileri ’25 y\u0131ld\u0131r buraday\u0131z, bir \u015fey olmad\u0131’ diyerek \u015fu anki durumu hafife al\u0131yorlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu at\u0131k \u00e7amurunun yay\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u0131zmas\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin yerle\u015fim ve tar\u0131m amac\u0131yla bir daha kullan\u0131lamayacak duruma gelmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n
GER\u0130 D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dc OLMAYAYACAK \u015eEK\u0130LDE ETK\u0130LENMES\u0130 AN MESELES\u0130<\/p>\n
K\u0131sacas\u0131 canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmesinin yan\u0131nda, yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n, Sakarya nehri su havzas\u0131n\u0131n, flora ve fauna, tar\u0131m arazilerinin bu zehirli at\u0131k kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile kullan\u0131lamaz duruma gelmesi ve yaln\u0131z civar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, K\u00fctahya ve hatta ayn\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131ndan faydalanan t\u00fcm yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayacak \u015fekilde etkilenmesi an meselesidir. Bu risk, yaln\u0131zca bu kaza ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, s\u00f6z konusu tesis \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece devam edecektir.<\/p>\n
S\u0130YAN\u00dcR ANINDA ZEH\u0130RLEYENB\u0130R K\u0130MYASAL<\/p>\n
*Son 25 y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015fanan bu tehlikenin b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde tespit edilen bir etkisi oldu mu?<\/p>\n
-B\u00f6lgede h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda zaten siyan\u00fcr ve a\u011f\u0131r metallerin etkisi mevcut\u2026 Madenlerde kullan\u0131lan serbest siyan\u00fcr bilinen en tehlikeli siyan\u00fcr formudur. Tesisin at\u0131k depolama \u00fcnitesinin yeterli ge\u00e7irmezli\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 riskinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ve hatta zaman zaman s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar oldu\u011fu biliniyor. S\u00f6z konusu 15 milyon m3 at\u0131k barajdan b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131l\u0131rsa korkun\u00e7 bir \u00e7evre felaketi ya\u015fan\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131 do\u011frudan tehlikeye girer, siyan\u00fcr an\u0131nda zehirleyen bir kimyasald\u0131r. Siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn tipine ve al\u0131m yoluna g\u00f6re belirtilerin \u015fiddeti de\u011fi\u015fir. Hidrojen siyan\u00fcr buharlar\u0131 en h\u0131zl\u0131 etki eden bi\u00e7imdir ve belirtiler saniyeler i\u00e7inde, \u00f6l\u00fcm ise dakikalar i\u00e7inde olur.<\/p>\n
Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayvan, bitki t\u00fcm canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 yok eder. Kald\u0131 ki siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn an\u0131nda etkisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu at\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7indeki a\u011f\u0131r metaller do\u011fada ve canl\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar, besin zincirinde birikirler.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00c7ME SUYUNDA Y\u00dcZDE 40\u2019IN \u00dcZER\u0130NDE S\u0130YAN\u00dcR VAR<\/p>\n
*H\u00fck\u00fcmetin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 tatmin edebildi mi, s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir al\u0131n\u0131yor mu?<\/p>\n
-\u00c7evre ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015ftan beri herhangi bir sorun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ellerindeki raporlara g\u00f6re yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ancak raporlar halkla ve bas\u0131nla payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yor. Di\u011fer yandan tesis y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in herhangi bir tahliye plan\u0131 yok ve ya\u015fanan felaket sonras\u0131 b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 i\u00e7in herhangi bir sa\u011fl\u0131k taramas\u0131 yap\u0131lmad\u0131. \u00dcstelik CMO ve Greenpeace\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnek analizleri i\u00e7me suyunda normal de\u011ferin %40 \u00fcst\u00fcnde siyan\u00fcr oran\u0131 tespit etti.<\/p>\n
B\u00dcT\u00dcN \u00c7EVRE FELAKETLER\u0130N\u0130 \u0130NKAR EDEN B\u0130R BAKANLIK VAR<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar b\u00f6yle ciddi bir durumda ne kadar ciddiyetsiz davran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir. Hele deprem sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7irdikten sonra baraj\u0131n zay\u0131flama ve \u00e7\u00f6kme riski artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, acilen \u00fcretim durmal\u0131d\u0131r. Cevre bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n uyar\u0131 ve \u00f6nerilerini reddetmekte ve her vakada ink\u00e2r politikas\u0131 izlemektedir. Bug\u00fcne dek Macaristan olay\u0131ndan Fuku\u015fima\u2019ya dek b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7evre felaketlerini ink\u00e2r eden bir bakanl\u0131k var kars\u0131m\u0131zda, biz nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenebiliriz b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenenlere?<\/p>\n
DEPREM R\u0130SK\u0130 ARTIRIYOR<\/p>\n
* K\u00fctahya\u2019da 5,9 \u015fiddetinde meydana gelen deprem siyan\u00fcr s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir risk olu\u015fturuyor?<\/p>\n
-Ya\u015fanan deprem, hali haz\u0131rda \u00e7ok sa\u011flam olmayan barajda s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ve yeni bir \u00e7\u00f6kme riskini art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
BAKANLI\u011eIN AC\u0130L YAPMASI GEREKENLER<\/p>\n
*Greenpeace olarak s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ve depremle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan risklere kar\u015f\u0131 acil al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tedbirler konusundaki tavsiyeleriniz nelerdir?<\/p>\n
-Greenpeace\u2019in talepleri ba\u015ftan beri a\u00e7\u0131k. \u00c7evre ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan acilen <\/p>\n
* Ellerindeki t\u00fcm bilgileri kamuoyu ile tam \u015feffafl\u0131k i\u00e7inde payla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve eylem planlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 (kazan\u0131n hala belirsiz olan nedenini, yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledikleri analiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, \u015fu anki durumun ger\u00e7ek tablosunu)<\/p>\n
* B\u00f6lgede acil durum ilan ederek, kesin g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011fu tespit edilene dek bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kalifiye bir sa\u011fl\u0131k ekibinin b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilmesini,<\/p>\n
* \u015eu ana kadar oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphelenilen s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n etkisinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrol\u00fcnden ge\u00e7irilmesini<\/p>\n
*Tesisin t\u00fcm faaliyetlerinin durdurularak daimi olarak kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131,<\/p>\n
*Eti G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f A\u015e\u2019nin b\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerinde tehlike olu\u015fturacak yetersizli\u011finden dolay\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131larak \u015firketin sorumluluk \u00fcstlenmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
*T\u00fcrkiye’nin pek \u00e7ok yerine kurulan ve hala kurulmas\u0131 planlanan di\u011fer siyan\u00fcr li\u00e7 y\u00f6ntemi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madenlerinin de ayn\u0131 kaderi payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak durdurulmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve kapat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep etmektedir.<\/p>\n
S\u0130YAN\u00dcR\u00dcN ZARARLARI<\/p>\n
Siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn zehirlili\u011fi ve zararlar\u0131yla ilgili halen \u00e7ok fazla \u015fey bilinmemekle birlikte, madencilikte, siyan\u00fcr genelde par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f cevherden alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Havuzlarda k\u0131r\u0131lmalar oldu\u011funda su kanallar\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fan siyan\u00fcr, bir\u00e7ok \u00e7evresel etkiye sebep olabiliyor. Siyan\u00fcr i\u00e7eren maden kazalar\u0131n\u0131n feci \u015fekilde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ekolojik etkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinirken, genel olarak da girdi\u011fi ak\u0131nt\u0131lardaki belirli bir uzakl\u0131k i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm hayat\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Siyan\u00fcr, \u00e7o\u011funlukla barajlardaki at\u0131k havuzlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tek kirletici madde de\u011fil. Su i\u00e7eren siyan\u00fcr ile birlikte, s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar genellikle k\u00fctlesel at\u0131k maddeleri de i\u00e7eriyor. Bu madde genelde kur\u015fun, bak\u0131r, kadmiyum gibi a\u011f\u0131r metalleri \u00e7ok fazla miktarda i\u00e7eren \u00e7amur birikintileridir.<\/p>\n
NASIL V\u00dcCUDA G\u0130RER<\/p>\n
Siyan\u00fcr a\u011f\u0131z yolu, solunum ve ciltten emilim yolu ile v\u00fccuda giriyor. Emilim \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in en tehlikelisi de bu. Ancak tipine ve al\u0131m yoluna g\u00f6re belirtilerin \u015fiddeti de\u011fi\u015fkenlik arz ediyor. Hidrojen siyan\u00fcr buharlar\u0131 en h\u0131zl\u0131 etki eden bi\u00e7im olurken, belirtiler saniyeler i\u00e7inde, \u00f6l\u00fcm ise dakikalar i\u00e7inde olur.<\/p>\n
Siyan\u00fcr tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131z yoluyla al\u0131nmas\u0131nda yava\u015f emilmeleri nedeniyle zehirlenme nispeten yava\u015f meydana gelir. Bu durumda tedavi ile ki\u015finin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 olur. K\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir y\u00fcz tipik bir bulgu iken, kuvvetsizlik, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, bulant\u0131 ve kusma gibi bir\u00e7ok sebepten kaynaklanabilecek belirtiler de siyan\u00fcr zehirlenmesi belirtileri ars\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.-ANF<\/p>\n
Maxime Azadi<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/p>\n
www.navendalekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 www.lekolin.info\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n
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