{"id":16556,"date":"2026-07-23T11:24:56","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T09:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/?p=16556"},"modified":"2026-07-23T11:25:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T09:25:34","slug":"manifestoya-civaka-demokratik-a-komunal-besa-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/manifestoya-civaka-demokratik-a-komunal-besa-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Man\u00eefestoya Civaka Demokrat\u00eek a Kom\u00fbnal – BE\u015eA 6"},"content":{"rendered":"

RASTIYA KURD \u00db KURDISTAN\u00ca\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1- Heb\u00fbna Kurd \u00fb Dema W\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Heb\u00fbn \u00fb hi\u015fmend\u00ee pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean her\u00ee bingeh\u00een \u00ean felsefey\u00ea ne. T\u00eageha heb\u00fbn\u00ea bi xwe h\u00een j\u00ee yek ji t\u00eageh\u00ean felsef\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00ee balk\u00ea\u015f e. T\u00eageha w\u00ea ya c\u00eaw\u00ee dem e. Herdu ji hev nay\u00ean veqetandin. \u00c7awa ku heb\u00fbn nikare wek\u00ee b\u00eadem were famkirin, dem j\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee heb\u00fbn\u00ea tune ye. Dem bi tevah\u00ee bi heb\u00fbn\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. T\u00eakiliya di navbera herduyan de bi t\u00eageha b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea ve her\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eek ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Heb\u00fbn \u00fb dem bi awayek\u00ee p\u00eaw\u00eest bi r\u00eaya b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea t\u00eane p\u00eakan\u00een. Dem b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea di heb\u00fbn\u00ea de ferz dike. Bi awayek\u00ee rasttir, berdewamiya heb\u00fbn\u00ea bi r\u00eaya b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea mimkun e. Dema ku em behsa heb\u00fbn\u00ea di rew\u015fek b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea de dikin, ev t\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku dem ji dayik b\u00fbye. Ango, heke b\u00fby\u00een hebe, w\u00ea hing\u00ea heb\u00fbn \u00fb dem heye. Neb\u00fbna b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea t\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku hem heb\u00fbn \u00fb hem j\u00ee dem tune ye. B\u00fbn rew\u015fa cudab\u00fbn \u00fb \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbna heb\u00fbn\u00ea ye. Heb\u00fbna ku ne di rew\u015fa b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea de ye, heb\u00fbna tune ye, dema tune ye.<\/p>\n

B\u00fby\u00een, rew\u015fa cudab\u00fbn\u00ea, hi\u015fmend\u00ee di rew\u015fek potansiyel de ye. C\u00fbdakirin belk\u00ee gava yekem ber bi hilki\u015f\u00eena hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea ve ye. Dema ku heb\u00fbn bi dem\u00ea re p\u00ea\u015f dikeve \u00fb cuda dibe, ew gava xwe ya yekem ber bi hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea ve diav\u00eaje. Her ku formasyon, bi\u00e7im \u00fb \u015fekil z\u00eadetir bin, ewqas hi\u015fmend\u00ee z\u00eadetir dibe. Bi awayek\u00ee gerd\u00fbn\u00ee, hi\u015fmend\u00ee cudah\u00ee ye; bi awayek\u00ee kategor\u00eek, hi\u015fmend\u00ee rew\u015fa gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ya gi\u015ft\u00ee ya hem\u00ee hi\u015fmendiyan di cudakirin\u00ea de ye. L\u00eabel\u00ea, b\u00eadaw\u00eeb\u00fbna forman b\u00eadaw\u00eeb\u00fbna rew\u015f\u00ean hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Her ku form\u00ean c\u00fbda z\u00eadetir bin, hi\u015fmendiy\u00ean c\u00fbda z\u00eadetir dibin. Di Hegel de, t\u00eageha Ruh beriya form\u00ea t\u00ea. Bi rasttir, hi\u015fmendiya b\u00eaform \u00fb b\u00ea\u015fekil heye. Hegel form\u00ea ji xwezaya f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee dest p\u00ea dike \u00fb w\u00ea digih\u00eene rew\u015f\u00ea. Hi\u015fmend\u00ee, bi r\u00eaya forman, hewl dide ku ji rew\u015fek xweber (b\u00ea\u015fekil) ber bi rew\u015fek hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea ji bo xwe ve bi\u00e7e. Bi r\u00eaya form\u00ean f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee, biyoloj\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee, hi\u015fmend\u00ee hem xwe \u00eespat dike \u00fb hem j\u00ee xwe nas dike. Hi\u015fmend\u00ee di mirovan de hi\u015fmendiya ku dest p\u00ea dike ku xwe-hi\u015fmend bibe ye. Hi\u015fmendiya felsef\u00ee, rew\u015fa hi\u015fmendiya her\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fkeft\u00ee, wek\u00ee Ruh\u00ea xwe-hi\u015fmend vedigere rew\u015fa xwe ya or\u00eej\u00eenal; l\u00ea wek\u00ee Ruh\u00ea Mutleq, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku xwe-hi\u015fmend b\u00fbye. Ev away\u00ea raman\u00ea ku di civak\u00ean Rojhilat de bi piran\u00ee bi r\u00eaya baweriy\u00ean ol\u00ee \u00fb m\u00eest\u00ees\u00eezm\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftiye, ji h\u00eala civak\u00ean Rojavay\u00ee ve bi r\u00eaya zanist \u00fb felsefey\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftiye.<\/p>\n

Hewldana p\u00eanasekirina Kurdan wek\u00ee heb\u00fbnek \u00fb heb\u00fbnek hi\u015fmend di war\u00ea t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina mijar\u00ea de pir ron\u00eeker e. Heta demek ber\u00ea, heb\u00fbna Kurdan ji bo gelek kesan mijarek nakok b\u00fb. Ji bo \u00eespatkirina heb\u00fbna xwe, Kurd di p\u00eevanek ku dibe ku di du sedsal\u00ean daw\u00ee de ji h\u00eala tu heb\u00fbnek din a civak\u00ee ve b\u00eahempa be, rast\u00ee tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee, zilm, \u00eenkar \u00fb tunekirin\u00ea hatine. Ew rast\u00ee qirkirin\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee hatine. Li Kurdistan\u00ea, welat\u00ea sereke y\u00ea Kurdan, her c\u00fbre am\u00fbrek zor\u00ea \u00fb \u00eedeoloj\u00eek hatiye bikar an\u00een ku li ser bingeha par\u00e7ekirin \u00fb \u00eenkarkirina hem f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee \u00e7and\u00ee-hi\u015fmend\u00ee ye. Dikare were gotin ku modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest ti mekan\u00eezmayek zilm \u00fb talankirin\u00ea, tev\u00ee qirkirin\u00ea, b\u00eak\u00ear nehi\u015ftiye. Di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, Kurdb\u00fbn diyardeyek b\u00eahempa ye.<\/p>\n

T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ku di m\u00eenaka \u015f\u00eanber a PKK\u00ea de hatiye jiy\u00een, ji ber pirsa heb\u00fbn\u00ee ya Kurdan j\u00ee hatiye day\u00een. Ev t\u00eako\u015f\u00een, bi awayek\u00ee, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek b\u00fb ji bo zelalkirina pirsa gelo Kurd hene an na. Her \u00e7end aliyek\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee xwekuj\u00ee digot “ew hene”, aliy\u00ea din digot “ew n\u00eenin”. Ya h\u00een \u015fermtir ew e ku di \u015f\u00east sal\u00ean ber\u00ee PKK\u2019\u00ea de, pirsa bingeh\u00een ji bo rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ean Kurd t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00eespatkirina heb\u00fbna Kurdan b\u00fb. B\u00ea guman, ji bo takekesek \u00fb civakek\u00ea, pirsyarkirina heb\u00fbna xwe helwestek pir xeternak \u00fb rez\u00eel tems\u00eel dike ku x\u00eazek zirav di navbera jiyan \u00fb mirin\u00ea de n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Di d\u00eerok\u00ea de tu heb\u00fbneke civak\u00ee rast\u00ee hov\u00eetiyek wisa nehatiye. Tu heb\u00fbneke civak\u00ee nehatiye ne\u00e7ar kirin ku ji xwe \u015ferm bike \u00fb \u00eenkarkirin\u00ea bi qas\u00ee Kurdan qeb\u00fbl bike, an j\u00ee pir k\u00eam heb\u00fbn\u00ean civak\u00ee rast\u00ee \u015fermek wisa hatine. Kurdb\u00fbn t\u00ea wateya ku mirov b\u00ea welat be, b\u00eaq\u00eemet were hesibandin, b\u00ea nirx be, bi piran\u00ee b\u00eakar be, bi dilxwaz\u00ee \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bheta m\u00fb\u00e7eya her\u00ee pi\u00e7\u00fbk j\u00ee qeb\u00fbl bike, bi berdewam\u00ee ji bo jiyan\u00ea t\u00eabiko\u015fe, hewcedariy\u00ean civak\u00ee-\u00e7and\u00ee ji b\u00eer bike, b\u00eawestan ji bo dab\u00eenkirina hewcedariy\u00ean mad\u00ee bixebite \u00fb di axa genim \u00fb nan de bir\u00e7\u00ee bim\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, ji bo n\u00eeqa\u015fkirina pirsgir\u00eaka Kurd \u00fb \u00e7areseriy\u00ean w\u00ea, gir\u00eeng e ku p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee pirsgir\u00eaka heb\u00fbn\u00ee ya Kurd were f\u00eamkirin. Ronakb\u00eer\u00ee t\u00ea wateya rast\u00eeb\u00fbna li ser v\u00ea pirsgir\u00eaka heb\u00fbn\u00ee. L\u00eabel\u00ea, rast\u00ee armancek e ku ten\u00ea bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ean mezin dikare were gih\u00ee\u015ftin. Heq\u00eeqet ne rast\u00ee ye, l\u00ea hi\u015fmendiya rastiy\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n

Kurdb\u00fbn di d\u00eerok\u00ea de ne rastiyek stat\u00eek an j\u00ee sab\u00eet e. M\u00eena her diyardeyek civak\u00ee, ew bi berdewam\u00ee heb\u00fbna xwe diguher\u00eene \u00fb p\u00ea\u015f dixe. Veguher\u00eena w\u00ea \u00eero pir z\u00fbtir \u00fb berfirehtir e. Diyardeya Kurd niha di p\u00eavajoyek piral\u00ee ya ravekirin\u00ea de ye.<\/p>\n

Em hewl didin ku d\u00eerokek Kurd \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea biniv\u00eesin ku n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee rastiy\u00ea be. \u00c7ima hey\u00eena Kurd a rast\u00een? P\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku ev di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya sosyolojiya d\u00eerok\u00ee de were \u00e7areser kirin.<\/p>\n

Div\u00ea em \u00e7awa n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee rastiya ku em j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin Kurd, an Kurdb\u00fbn, di d\u00eerok\u00ea de bi dest bigirin? B\u00ea guman, hewldana t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin \u00fb f\u00eahmkirina rastiya Kurd di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina d\u00eerok\u00ee ya serdest a \u00eeroy\u00een de zehmetiyek z\u00eade ye. Hewldan\u00ean weha ceribandin\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean bi zor\u00ea ne \u00fb t\u00eakiliya wan bi p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean rast\u00een re hindik e. Ew rastiy\u00ea ji m\u00eetoloj\u00ee \u00fb destanan j\u00ee k\u00eamtir n\u00ee\u015fan didin. R\u00eabaza d\u00eeroka \u00e7and\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eektir hey\u00eena rast\u00een e. D\u00eeroka \u00e7and\u00ee p\u00eavajoy\u00ean \u015faristan\u00ee \u00fb modern\u00eetey\u00ea vedihew\u00eene. L\u00eabel\u00ea, \u015faristan\u00ee \u00fb modern\u00eete d\u00eeroka gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ya \u00e7and\u00ea nagirin nav xwe. Kategoriy\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean serdema \u015faristan\u00ee \u00fb modern\u00eetey\u00ea, dewlet \u00fb netewe, ten\u00ea dikarin be\u015fek s\u00eenorkir\u00ee ya d\u00eeroka \u00e7and\u00ee bin. Ew nikare gerd\u00fbn\u00eeb\u00fbna \u00e7and\u00ee bigire nav xwe. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, rastiya ku Kurd di d\u00eerok\u00ean \u015faristan\u00ee \u00fb netewey\u00ea de c\u00eehek hindik digirin nay\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku ew b\u00ea d\u00eerok in. Dema ku di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya d\u00eeroka \u00e7and\u00ee de were nirxandin, e\u015fkere dibe ku Kurd xwed\u00ee d\u00eerokek serdest in ku bi hezaran salan dir\u00eaj dibe. Taybetmendiya bingeh\u00een a v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea parastina w\u00ea ya xurt a form\u00ean klan \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ee \u00fb rola w\u00ea ya \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee di aboriya \u00e7andin\u00ee \u00fb ajalan de ye. Kurdan di d\u00eeroka \u00e7and\u00ee ya gelan de rolek l\u00eestine ku bi rola \u00e7anda H\u00eelala Bereket di d\u00eeroka mirovahiy\u00ea de t\u00ea berhevkirin. N\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee diwanzdeh hezar sal serokatiya \u00e7and\u00ee, ku navenda w\u00ea li Heyva Bereket e, di l\u00eestik\u00ea de ye. Me di d\u00eeroka mirovahiy\u00ea de ned\u00eetiye ku \u00e7andek din rolek wusa dir\u00eaj \u00fb berfireh bil\u00eeze, m\u00eena roj\u00ea ron\u00ee bike, germ bike \u00fb xwed\u00ee bike. Ger hebe j\u00ee, rol\u00ean wan s\u00eenordar \u00fb r\u00fbber\u00ee b\u00fbne. Ontolojiyek Kurd\u00ee \u00fb antropolojiyek Kurd\u00ee hewce ne, ji ontolojiy\u00ea bigire heya antropolojiy\u00ea. Her du j\u00ee d\u00ees\u00eepl\u00een in \u00fb h\u00eenker in.<\/p>\n

T\u00eageha ontolojiya Kurd\u00ee, an zanista heb\u00fbna Kurd\u00ee, real\u00eest e. Kurd, wek\u00ee heb\u00fbn, rastiyek pir kevnar tems\u00eel dikin. Dibe ku ew destp\u00eaka derketina hol\u00ea ya mirovahiya n\u00fbjen be j\u00ee. B\u00fbyera Xirabre\u015fk\u00ea (Gobeklitepe) del\u00eel\u00ean v\u00ea yek\u00ea e\u015fkere dike. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ew dikare wek\u00ee ontolojiya Kurd\u00ee were hesibandin ji ber ku heb\u00fbn hatiye bidestxistin. Heb\u00fbn ziman, \u00e7and, p\u00eakhatin\u00ean klan,qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee dihew\u00eene. Ontoloj\u00ee li vir behsa zanista heb\u00fbn\u00ea dike.<\/p>\n

“Heb\u00fbn \u00fb Dem” a Heidegger, ku ji bo Almanan hatiye niv\u00eesandin, armanc dikir ku r\u00eayek ji rew\u015fa heb\u00fbn \u00fb neb\u00fbn\u00ea ya ku civaka Alman di wan mercan de dij\u00ee veke. Di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de, Alman di rew\u015fek heb\u00fbn-neb\u00fbn\u00ea de dijiyan. Hegel r\u00ea li ber dewleta netewey\u00ee vekir, dixwest ku Alman bi r\u00eaya dewleta netewey\u00ee heb\u00fbn\u00ea bi dest bixin. Heidegger felsefeya dewleta netewey\u00ee j\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fxist.<\/p>\n

Ji bo Kurdan j\u00ee hewcedar\u00ee bi diyardeyek ontoloj\u00eek a wisa heye. Heb\u00fbn bi rast\u00ee di Kurdan de xurt e; d\u00eeroka wan, bi awayek\u00ee, d\u00eerokek heb\u00fbn\u00ea ye. Ne d\u00eerokeke azadiy\u00ea, l\u00ea d\u00eerokeke heb\u00fbn\u00ea ye. Dibe ku ew di destp\u00eaka mirovahiy\u00ea de j\u00ee ve\u015fart\u00ee be. Ziman, civaka dayiksalar\u00ee – her du j\u00ee bi hev ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne – \u00fb d\u00fb re j\u00ee civaka klan-e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya h\u00een j\u00ee pir xurt ji h\u00eala wan ve t\u00eane afirandin.<\/p>\n

Mimkun e ku koka Kurd\u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een wek\u00ee \u015faneya bingeh\u00een a civak\u00ean Hind-Ewrop\u00ee were p\u00eanasekirin. L\u00eakol\u00eena li ser ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda Kurd\u00ee v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea e\u015fkere dike. Hem erdn\u00eegar\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee d\u00eeroka wan v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea b\u00eatir pi\u015ftrast dike. Del\u00eel\u00ean Xirabre\u015fk\u00ea, navenda qeb\u00eele-e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ee ya her\u00ee kevin ku d\u00eeroka w\u00ea vedigere duwanzdeh hezar salan, m\u00eenakek gir\u00eeng e ku h\u00eaza \u00e7anda hey\u00ee \u00eespat dike.<\/p>\n

D\u00ees\u00eepl\u00eena antropolojiy\u00ea curey\u00ea mirovan l\u00eakol\u00een dike. P\u00ea\u015fketina mirovahiy\u00ea, ji e\u015f\u00eer-qeb\u00eele heta mirov\u00ea n\u00fbjen, mijara antropolojiy\u00ea ye. L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean antropoloj\u00eek \u00ean berfireh li her\u00eama Kurdan hatine kirin. N\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna Kurdan bi r\u00eaya antropolojiy\u00ea dibe sedema encam\u00ean berfirehtir. Pirs\u00ean wek\u00ee \u00e7awa mirov b\u00fbne mirov, \u00e7awa ziman bi dest xistine \u00fb \u00e7awa gih\u00ee\u015ftine hi\u015fmendiya m\u00eetoloj\u00eek-ol\u00ee di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya antropolojiy\u00ea de ne. Bi taybet\u00ee, pirsa ka \u00e7awa heb\u00fbna klan-qeb\u00eele-e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye \u00fb p\u00ea\u015f ketiye yek ji pirs\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean antropolojiy\u00ea ye. Ev di proto-Kurdan de bi tund\u00ee hatine jiy\u00een. Qeb\u00fblkirina heb\u00fbna Kurd a niha bi d\u00eeroka PKK\u2019\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Her ti\u015ft\u00ea ber\u00ee w\u00ea hatiye \u00eenkarkirin.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, div\u00ea d\u00ees\u00eepl\u00eena ontolojiy\u00ea p\u00eakhatina qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eeran – tev\u00ee formasyon\u00ean kast\u00ea – ji v\u00ea xal\u00ea ve l\u00eakol\u00een bike. Cih\u00ea jidayikb\u00fbna hem e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb hem j\u00ee formasyon\u00ean kast\u00ea li vir e: Xirabre\u015fk e. Wek\u00ee din, div\u00ea ontoloj\u00ee koka \u00e7anda giyan\u00ee, m\u00eetoloj\u00ee, ol, p\u00eakhatina dewlet\u00ea \u00fb bajarvaniy\u00ea li ser bingeha w\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een bike. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ev cih heq dike ku n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek antropoloj\u00eek \u00fb ontoloj\u00eek a ba\u015f hebe. Korb\u00fbn ji n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya neteweperest a poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eezma burjuwa \u00fb n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya sosyal\u00eezma rast\u00een derdikeve. D\u00eerok j\u00ee tune. Yek xwed\u00ee d\u00eeroka burjuwa ye, ya din j\u00ee d\u00eerokeke utop\u00eek a \u00e7\u00eena karker \u00fb proletaryay\u00ea ye. Her du j\u00ee ne rastiy\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan didin \u00fb ne j\u00ee rast in bi heq\u00eeqet\u00ea re. Ew ji civak\u00ean ne-Ewrop\u00ee y\u00ean m\u00eena Kurdan kor in. Bi rast\u00ee, em bi v\u00ea bandora kor n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ea li ti\u015ftan b\u00fbne. Encama ku hem di PKK\u2019\u00ea de \u00fb hem j\u00ee di sosyal\u00eezma rast\u00een de derketiye hol\u00ea, b\u00eaaram an j\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn e. Rew\u015f b\u00fbye neaqilane, b\u00eaaram \u00fb dogmat\u00eek. Ev ji ber ku perspekt\u00eef xelet e. Di r\u00eabaz \u00fb d\u00ees\u00eepl\u00een\u00ea de xelet\u00ee hene.<\/p>\n

Hinek raman\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea li ser d\u00eeroka Kurdan dikarin wiha werin gotin: Yekem gel\u00ea ku wek\u00ee \u015faxek ji Afr\u00eekay\u00ea veqetiyan, bi r\u00eaya \u00c7iyay\u00ean Rojhilat\u00ea Afr\u00eekay\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftin Filist\u00een\u00ea. L\u00eabel\u00ea, \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean jiyan\u00ea li wir s\u00eenordar b\u00fbn; ew li k\u00ealeka \u00e7ol\u00ea b\u00fb \u00fb ten\u00ea hejmareke hindik mirov dikar\u00eeb\u00fbn xwed\u00ee bikin. L\u00ea ko\u00e7ber\u00ee ji Afr\u00eekay\u00ea berdewam kir – m\u00eena herik\u00eena ko\u00e7beriy\u00ea ya niha li seranser\u00ea Deryaya Sp\u00ee. Mirov kom b\u00fbn. Pir k\u00eam ji mirov\u00ean ko\u00e7ber li wir man; y\u00ean din j\u00ee \u00e7\u00fbn l\u00fbtke \u00fb binar\u00ean \u00c7iyay\u00ean Zagros-Toros. Ev her\u00eam e ku ko\u00e7beriy\u00ean yekem l\u00ea z\u00eade b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Li Afr\u00eekay\u00ea, curey\u00ea mirovan heta zimanek j\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f nexistib\u00fb. Civak\u00ean hom\u00een\u00eed (k\u00eamek n\u00eaz\u00ee \u00eensanan)heb\u00fbn – ne j\u00ee e\u015f\u00eer – ku bi ziman\u00ea \u00ee\u015faretan, hinek\u00ee d\u00fbr\u00ee meym\u00fbnan, bi hev re dan\u00fbstandin dikirin. Ya gir\u00eeng ew e ku f\u00eam bikin \u00e7ima ew li wir nekar\u00een \u015faristaniyek biafir\u00eenin. \u015eert \u00fb merc\u00ean wan \u00ean mad\u00ee tuneb\u00fbn. Ew nekar\u00een ziman\u00ea \u00ee\u015faretan derbas bikin. Ew nekar\u00een ji ramana m\u00eemet\u00eek w\u00eadetir bi\u00e7in, ne j\u00ee ew dikarin bi t\u00eara xwe bigih\u00eejin ramana sembol\u00eek. Homo sapiens ji wir hat. Ew bi m\u00eelyonan sal ber\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftin vir. Li cih\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee y\u00ean ku ew \u00e7\u00fbn, ji bil\u00ee Homo sapiens curey\u00ean din j\u00ee heb\u00fbn; curey\u00ean weha li Ewropa, Asya \u00fb Afr\u00eekay\u00ea heb\u00fbn. L\u00ea ew nekar\u00een ziman\u00ea sembol\u00eek p\u00ea\u015f bixin. Bi qas\u00ee ku t\u00ea f\u00eamkirin, ew negih\u00ee\u015ftin astek ku em bikaribin j\u00ea re bib\u00eajin civatek mirovan. L\u00eabel\u00ea, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku ji \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean Afr\u00eekay\u00ea derketin, li Mezopotamyay\u00ea komb\u00fbn \u00fb komb\u00fbnek \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb. Ziman\u00ea \u00ee\u015faretan, deng dikarin veguherin peyvan. \u015eert \u00fb avhewa li vir xwed\u00ee gir\u00eengiyek diyarker b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Mezopotamya ew der e ku t\u00eageha bihu\u015ft\u00ea hatiye xeyalkirin. Dojeh, ji h\u00eala din ve, \u00e7ol\u00ean ku ew mirov j\u00ea hatine, \u00c7ola Sahray\u00ea ne. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea ew v\u00ea der\u00ea wek\u00ee bihu\u015ft\u00ea dib\u00eenin. Di encam\u00ea de, 50-60 hezar sal ber\u00ea – \u00fb ev hejmar dibe ku li gor\u00ee \u00e7avkaniyan c\u00fbda bibe – ev mirov gih\u00ee\u015ftin vir. Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku ji bo \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbna cureyek mirov\u00ee ya c\u00fbda p\u00eaw\u00eest b\u00fb, xwarinek c\u00fbrbec\u00fbrtir \u00fb \u00e7andek b\u00fb. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, p\u00eavajoya veqetandina daw\u00ee ji heywanan an meym\u00fbnan gengaz b\u00fb. Bi rast\u00ee, cureya bi nav\u00ea Neanderthal ji mirov\u00ean ber\u00ea, ji cureya hom\u00een\u00eed, li vir cuda b\u00fb. Ev b\u00eatir hizir\u00eener \u00fb civak\u00eetir b\u00fb. Ev cure p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li vir \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb \u00fb d\u00fbv re li c\u00eehan\u00ea belav b\u00fb. Homo sapiens 50-60 hezar sal ber\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ft vir. Bav \u00fb kal\u00ean mirov\u00ean n\u00fbjen \u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een ne li Afr\u00eekay\u00ea, l\u00ea li vir, li ax\u00ean ku Kurd l\u00ea dij\u00een derketine hol\u00ea.<\/p>\n

T\u00ea texm\u00eenkirin ku ziman p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li vir, li dora Dayik-Jin \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye. \u00c7anda Dayik-Jin li v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea kom b\u00fbye. Ev deng li vir, li dora Xwedawenda Ma, veguheriye ziman. Peyv\u00ean ku di v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de p\u00ea\u015f ketine, \u00eero j\u00ee di ziman\u00ea me de hene. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ew li vir \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbne. Em h\u00een j\u00ee sax in, bermahiy\u00ean wan hene. “Ma” t\u00ea wateya “Dayik.” Li ser \u00e7iyay\u00ean Qerecadax\u00ea \u00e7andeke nebatan p\u00ea\u015fketiye, m\u00eena \u00e7anda pez \u00fb bizinan. Ev \u00e7and bi \u00eehtimaleke mezin n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 30,000 sal ber\u00ea pir p\u00ea\u015fketiye. Li \u015fikefta \u015ean\u00eedar a li Ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea, bermahiy\u00ean ku d\u00eeroka wan vedigere 30,000 sal ber\u00ea hene, di nav wan de bermahiy\u00ean genim \u00fb hir\u00ee hene. Ev komb\u00fbn afirandina \u00e7anda klan\u00ee ye ku li dora Xwedawenda Ma p\u00ea\u015fketiye.<\/p>\n

Li ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Mezopotamyay\u00ea koma ziman\u00ean Sem\u00eet\u00eek heye. Ev her\u00eam pir n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee Afr\u00eekay\u00ea ye. Ev ziman li vir pir derengtir p\u00ea\u015fketiye. Li bakur, li quntar\u00ean S\u00eeb\u00eeryay\u00ea, li Avrasyay\u00ea, koma ziman\u00ean Ural-Alta\u00eek pa\u015f\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fketiye. Bi e\u015fkere, koma ziman\u00ean Aryen, an koma ziman\u00ean Hind-Ewrop\u00ee, li v\u00ea erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea p\u00eak hatiye. Peyv\u00ean ku em \u00eero j\u00ee bikar t\u00eenin n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku ev \u00e7and heye. Her\u00eama ku ew her\u00ee z\u00eade l\u00ea kom b\u00fbye, kevana ku ji h\u00eala \u00c7iyay\u00ean Zagros-Toros, geliy\u00ean D\u00eecle-Firat-Zap ve hat\u00ee \u00e7\u00eakirin e. Hem\u00fb ved\u00eetin\u00ean arkeoloj\u00eek n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku \u00e7andeke wisa li vir p\u00eak hatiye. Bermahiy\u00ean w\u00ea heta roja \u00eero mane. Gir\u00eengiya G. Childe ji ber ku w\u00ee behsa v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea kiriye dema ku li ser \u015fore\u015fa Neol\u00eet\u00eek\u00ea n\u00eeqa\u015f kiriye, t\u00ea. Me ar\u00eestokras\u00ee j\u00ee li v\u00ea z\u00eade kiriye. Ew cihek\u00ee pir gir\u00eeng e. Encam\u00ean ‘\u015fore\u015fa’ ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek li seranser\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ea belav b\u00fbne; \u00fb ew li d\u00fb \u015fopa \u00e7anda Neol\u00eet\u00eek belav b\u00fbne. Hem\u00fb del\u00eel\u00ean arkeoloj\u00eek \u00fb et\u00eemoloj\u00eek v\u00ea yek\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan didin. Li gel Sumeriyan, del\u00eel\u00ean niv\u00eesk\u00ee j\u00ee t\u00ean ber \u00e7av\u00ean me. Her wiha peyker\u00ean jinan \u00ean ku s\u00ee hezar sal ber\u00ea hatine \u00e7\u00eakirin j\u00ee hene; bi awayek\u00ee zelal, \u00e7anda dayik-jin li vir pir s\u00eestemat\u00eek \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee b\u00fb. Civatek li dora ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f dikeve \u00fb p\u00eavajoyek \u00e7and\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea li dora v\u00ea civak\u00ea dest p\u00ea dike. Bermahiy\u00ean arkeoloj\u00eek n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbnek \u00e7and\u00ee cara yekem li vir \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye \u00fb bi xwezay\u00ee ev p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn li dora “Dayik\u00ea” zivir\u00ee ye. Ji bo zilamek ne mimk\u00fbn e ku afir\u00eeneriyek wusa n\u00ee\u015fan bide.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00fbpa ziman\u00ea Aryen ne koma ziman\u00ea Sem\u00eet\u00ee ye \u00fb ne j\u00ee koma ziman\u00ea Ural-Alta\u00eek e. Koka ziman hema hema hatiye \u00eespat kirin. Ev rast e. \u015eert \u00fb merc\u00ean her\u00ee guncaw ji bo flora \u00fb fauna, \u00e7anda nebat \u00fb heywanan li vir t\u00eane d\u00eetin. Avhewa guncaw e, baran bi r\u00eak\u00fbp\u00eak dibare. H\u00fbn di demsala baran\u00ea de di\u00e7\u00eenin \u00fb dema hav\u00een t\u00ea berhev dikin. Curey\u00ean heywanan pir in \u00fb ew bi genim \u00fb daristanan dewlemend e. Bi kurtas\u00ee, ew c\u00eehek m\u00eena bihu\u015ft\u00ea ye ku ji c\u00fbrbec\u00fbr curey\u00ean nebat \u00fb heywanan p\u00eak t\u00ea. Encam teq\u00eenek civak\u00ee ye \u00fb ev teq\u00een vediguhere \u015fore\u015fa Neol\u00eet\u00eek, \u00e7andek n\u00fb diafir\u00eene. Ziman j\u00ee di nav v\u00ea \u00e7anda Neol\u00eet\u00eek de diteqe, ku pergalek bi dest xistiye. Ya gir\u00eengtir, veguher\u00eena ji klana yekem ber bi civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee-qeb\u00eeley\u00ee li vir dest p\u00ea dike. \u00db d\u00eeroka Kurdan h\u00een j\u00ee xwe wek\u00ee d\u00eeroka e\u015f\u00eeran \u00eefade dike. Ziman\u00ea \u00ee\u015faretan ji Afr\u00eekay\u00ea ve heye. L\u00ea ahenga deng \u00fb peyvan li vir derdikeve hol\u00ea. Bi p\u00ea\u015fketina hem klan \u00fb hem j\u00ee ya ziman\u00ee re, “qeb\u00eele-e\u015f\u00eer” niha heb\u00fbnek c\u00fbda ye. Her \u00e7end temen\u00ea klanek\u00ea dibe ku du milyon sal be j\u00ee, e\u015f\u00eer-qeb\u00eele formeke n\u00fb ye. Ev forma n\u00fb ziman p\u00eaw\u00eest dike. E\u015f\u00eerek-qeb\u00eele b\u00eay\u00ee ziman nikare \u00e7\u00eabibe. Li cih\u00ea ku qeb\u00eeleyek hebe, ziman j\u00ee derketiye hol\u00ea. Ev her du pir gir\u00eeng in. B\u00eay\u00ee van her du t\u00eagehan, d\u00eerokeke niv\u00eesk\u00ee tune. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, d\u00eeroka niv\u00eesk\u00ee diyare ku vala vala li Mezopotamyaya J\u00ear\u00een derneketiye hol\u00ea. \u00c7anda qeb\u00eeletiy\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f dikeve, bi sedan kes li hev dicivin.<\/p>\n

P\u00eavajoya ku j\u00ea re Neol\u00eet\u00eek t\u00ea gotin j\u00ee bi v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Mirovan bi dilxwaz\u00ee \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bli ser erd\u00ea bic\u00eeh neb\u00fbne, embar \u00fb bendav ava nekirine. Neol\u00eet\u00eekek wisa tune. Ev bi hilwe\u015f\u00eena civaka dayiksalar\u00ee re ji h\u00eala ti\u015ft\u00ean ku em j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin h\u00eaman\u00ean m\u00eena kast\u00ea ve p\u00ea\u015f ketine. Civaka ko\u00e7er hem azad e \u00fb hem j\u00ee dewlemend e. Ew bi azad\u00ee na\u00e7e nav zozanek wusa. P\u00ea\u015fketina v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea koletiyek k\u00fbr hewce dike. K\u00ea ev kir? Kom\u00ean naskir\u00ee y\u00ean n\u00ea\u00e7\u00eervan\u00ean m\u00ear kirin. Ev kom ji Afr\u00eekay\u00ea ve hene. Bi rast\u00ee, li Afr\u00eekay\u00ea kom\u00ean her\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee n\u00ea\u00e7\u00eervan\u00ean m\u00ear b\u00fbn. Li Mezopotamyay\u00ea, ew hinek\u00ee b\u00eatir r\u00eaxistin b\u00fbn. Wan \u00e7ek\u00ean obs\u00eedyen p\u00ea\u015f xistin. Wan civaka dayiksalar\u00ee ji hev xistin \u00fb \u015faristaniya Sumer\u00ee ku li ser bingeha koletiy\u00ea ye, li Mezopotamyaya J\u00ear\u00een ava kirin. \u015earistaniya Sumer\u00ee di heman dem\u00ea de destp\u00eaka d\u00eeroka niv\u00eesk\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide. S\u00eestema kast\u00ea, di forma xwe ya maskekir\u00ee de, saz\u00fbman\u00ee b\u00fb. Kujer\u00ean kast\u00ea hem li Afr\u00eekay\u00ea \u00fb hem j\u00ee li Mezopotamyay\u00ea heb\u00fbn, l\u00ea hejmara wan k\u00eam b\u00fb. Hejmara wan bi Sumeriyan re z\u00eade b\u00fb. Element\u00ean ku em j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin proto-ar\u00eestokras\u00ee an j\u00ee kral\u00ean xwed\u00ea, avahiy\u00ean \u00e7\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean li ser bingeha kast\u00ea, derketin hol\u00ea. Di dawiy\u00ea de, bajar\u00ean ku em \u00eero dizanin hatin avakirin. Uruk yekem dewlet-bajar b\u00fb. Par\u00eazvan\u00ea v\u00ea yekem dewlet-bajar xwedawend \u00cenanna b\u00fb. Di heman dem\u00ea de, Eridu (bajar\u00ea xweday\u00ea m\u00ear) j\u00ee heb\u00fb ku bajar\u00ea Enk\u00ee b\u00fb. Pa\u015f\u00ea, di navbera wan de pev\u00e7\u00fbnek derket. Ev pev\u00e7\u00fbn hate belgekirin \u00fb b\u00fb destanek. Gera \u00cenanna ber bi qesra Er\u00eedu ve ji bo wergirtina ti\u015ft\u00ean h\u00eaja y\u00ean ku Enk\u00ee diz\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb vegerandina wan bo Uruk\u00ea… Ev n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku jinan di w\u00ea serdem\u00ea de h\u00eaza xwe parastine. \u00cenanna nirx\u00ean xwe wek\u00ee “EZ” diyar dike. “Ez” t\u00ea wateya afirandin \u00fb dah\u00eanan\u00ean dayika xwedawend. Ev ji h\u00eala Enk\u00ee, n\u00fbner\u00ea koma kast\u00ea ve hatine diz\u00een. Bi e\u015fkere, wan li vir \u00e7andek afirandine. Avantaja erdn\u00eegar\u00ee, may\u00eena dir\u00eaj li vir, \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean ku civaka dayiksalar\u00ee xwed\u00ee dikirin \u00fb bermahiy\u00ean \u00e7anda dayiksalar\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea \u00eespat dikin.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, Sumer \u00e7i ye? Hin kes \u00eed\u00eea dikin ku ew ji Asyaya Nav\u00een hatiye. N\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek maq\u00fbl nikare bib\u00eene ku ev veguhastin ji Mezopotamyaya Jor\u00een ber bi j\u00ear ve b\u00fb. Jixwe her\u00eamek nav\u00een di navber\u00ea de heye, Hassuna. Ger ew ji Asyaya Nav\u00een an Afr\u00eekay\u00ea hatibe, div\u00ea del\u00eel werin n\u00ee\u015fandan. Del\u00eel\u00ean weha tune ne. L\u00ea her\u00eama derdora Xirabre\u015fk\u00ea tij\u00ee del\u00eelan e. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku her ti\u015ft li vir, li Mezopotamyay\u00ea derketiye hol\u00ea. Li N\u00eel \u200b\u200ban \u00cendus\u00ea bermahiy\u00ean weha tune ne. D\u00eeroka Sumeran her\u00ee z\u00eade 3000-4000 sal ber\u00ea vedigere. L\u00ea d\u00eeroka Xirabre\u015fk\u00ea, bi qas\u00ee ku niha t\u00ea zan\u00een, diwanzdeh hezar sal ber\u00ea vedigere. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku ew li vir derketiye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, Xirabre\u015fk gir\u00eengtir dibe.<\/p>\n

Civak\u00ean Kast\u00eek\u00ee \u00eecad\u00ean civaka dayiksalar\u00ee an\u00een Mezopotamyaya J\u00ear\u00een. Bi heman away\u00ee, kral\u00ean xweday\u00ee jin, zarok \u00fb koleyan an\u00een Mezopotamyaya J\u00ear\u00een. Bi zor\u00ea wan bi kar an\u00een, wan \u015faristaniya Sumer\u00ee an\u00een hol\u00ea. L\u00eabel\u00ea, \u00e7anda dayiksalar\u00ee h\u00een j\u00ee xurt b\u00fb, wek\u00ee Inanna dib\u00eaje. Di serdema Bab\u00eeliyan de, li dora 2000 BZ, civaka dayiksalar\u00ee bi tevah\u00ee h\u00eaza xwe winda kirib\u00fb. Dewletek ku ji h\u00eala m\u00earan ve dihat serdestkirin li \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fketib\u00fb, ji bo jinan ti\u015ftek nehi\u015ftib\u00fb. Ev serdem xalek wer\u00e7erx\u00ea ye. Ev dikare bi h\u00easan\u00ee di destana Bab\u00eeliyan de were xwendin \u00fb Tewrat ku di heman dem\u00ea de hatiye niv\u00eesandin j\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea t\u00eakiliya v\u00ea bi d\u00eeroka Kurd \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea re \u00e7i ye? Bi e\u015fkere, ev \u00e7and li Mezopotamyaya Jor\u00een derketiye hol\u00ea. Koma ziman\u00ee ya yekem \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een li wir \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn. Ev koma qeb\u00eeleyan li dora 5000 BZ gih\u00ee\u015ft Hindistan\u00ea, li dora 4000 BZ \u00c7\u00een\u00ea, \u00fb li dora 2000 BZ Ewropay\u00ea. Ew li dora 4000 BZ gih\u00ee\u015ftin Misr\u00ea \u00fb li dora 6000 BZ Mezopotamyaya J\u00ear\u00een. Dibe ku ji ber ku ew ya her\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eek b\u00fb, \u015faristaniya Neol\u00eet\u00eek her\u00ee z\u00fb gih\u00ee\u015ft Bakur\u00ea Mezopotamyay\u00ea. Li wir, wan yekem bajar-dewlet an \u015faristaniya xwe ava kirin. \u015eirovekirinek wisa pir h\u00easan \u00fb t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ft\u00ee ye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, \u00e7i t\u00eakiliya v\u00ea bi Kurdan re heye? Ji ber ku Kurd li vir hene; jor\u00een \u00ean \u00e7em\u00ean D\u00eecle-Firat\u00ea wargeh\u00ean Kurdan in.<\/p>\n

2- Di Navenda D\u00eerok\u00ea De Rastiya Kurd \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Ur-Uruk\u2019 t\u00ea wateya gir. Ew \u00e7anda ku li ser wan ava b\u00fbne n\u00ee\u015fan didin. Nim\u00fbneya her\u00ee berbi\u00e7av Xirabre\u015fk\u00ea ye. Ziman\u00ea ku ji h\u00eala qeb\u00eeleyan ve t\u00ea bikar an\u00een j\u00ee wisa ye. Y\u00ean li l\u00fbtkeya \u00e7iy\u00ea, bo nim\u00fbne, Kurd\u00ean Yaresan\u00ee \u00fb Dimilk\u00ee, peyv\u00ean hevpar bikar t\u00eenin. Koka peyvan a ku ji h\u00eala H\u00fbr\u00ee \u00fb M\u00eetan\u00ee ve t\u00ea bikar an\u00een yek e. Xweday\u00ean wan j\u00ee hene. T\u00eakiliy\u00ean bi xwedayan re li vir bi h\u00easan\u00ee dikarin werin sazkirin. Nav\u00ean xwedayan heta digih\u00eejin Hindistan\u00ea. Di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de, dibe ku em bi afirandina \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek t\u00eageh\u00ee ya navend\u00ee ya Kurdan werin tawanbarkirin. L\u00ea ev rast\u00ee ne. Me j\u00ee di destp\u00eak\u00ea de ev yek nizanib\u00fb. L\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00eena me me aniye asteke wisa. Em v\u00ea yek\u00ea wek\u00ee “D\u00eeroka Proto-Kurd” bi nav dikin. Ji d\u00eeroka niv\u00eesk\u00ee \u00fb p\u00ea ve, em pir caran di t\u00eakiliy\u00ean wan \u00ean bi civaka \u015faristan\u00ee ya Sumer\u00ee re rast\u00ee protot\u00eepa Kurdan t\u00ean. Sumer\u00ee, wek\u00ee \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean sereke y\u00ean ku ew p\u00ea bawer b\u00fbn, ji gel\u00ea \u00e7iyay\u00ee y\u00ea li Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat re bi nav\u00ea gi\u015ft\u00ee “Kurt\u00ee” digotin, ku \u00eero j\u00ee wateya w\u00ea heye, \u00fb ji gel\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee y\u00ean li Rojava re bi nav\u00ea gi\u015ft\u00ee “Amor\u00ee” digotin. Peyva “Kurt\u00ee” t\u00ea wateya ‘civaka \u00e7iyay\u00ee’ an ‘gel\u00ea \u00e7iyay\u00ee’. Heta \u00eero j\u00ee, peyva Kurd w\u00eaneya ‘jiyana \u00e7iyay\u00ee’ wek\u00ee taybetmendiyek bingeh\u00een t\u00eene b\u00eera mirov. Bi rast\u00ee, cudahiya di navbera Kurtiy\u00ean serdema Sumer\u00ee \u00fb Kurd\u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een de dibe ku bi qas\u00ee cudahiya di navbera du xalan de li ser t\u00eepa ‘u’ pi\u00e7\u00fbk be. Kurd, bi \u00e7anda xwe ya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya hezar salan, h\u00een j\u00ee bi giran\u00ee Kurd\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ne. Gelek Kurd\u00ean bajar\u00ee, de\u015ft \u00fb ji h\u00eala \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ve dabe\u015fkir\u00ee hene, y\u00ean ku bi dewlet\u00ea re hevkariy\u00ea dikin \u00fb y\u00ean ku li dij\u00ee dewlet\u00ea ne. L\u00ea nasnameya bingeh\u00een a Kurd, nasnameya Kurd\u00ee ku bi tund\u00ee r\u00eaza xwe dipar\u00eaze, nasnameya Kurd\u00ee ye ku taybetmendiy\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee y\u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee l\u00ea serdest in. Nasnameya sereke ya Kurd Kurdb\u00fbna e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ye. Kurd\u00ea bajar\u00ee, \u00e7\u00eena serdest \u00fb gir\u00eaday\u00ee dewlet\u00ea bi piran\u00ee nasnameyeke Kurd a veguh\u00eaz tems\u00eel dike, ku bi kevne\u015fop\u00ee ji Kurdb\u00fbn\u00ea veqetiyaye \u00fb ji as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea re hesas e. Xaleke din a gir\u00eeng ku li vir were destn\u00ee\u015fankirin ev e ku Kurt\u00ee her gav di rew\u015fek berxwedan\u00ea de li dij\u00ee \u015faristan\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7anda Sumer\u00ee b\u00fbn. Ev yek bi taybet\u00ee di vegotin\u00ean m\u00eetoloj\u00eek \u00ean Ninhursag, Xwedawenda \u00c7iya de dikare were d\u00eetin. Destana Gilgam\u00ea\u015f, di bingeha xwe de, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena Kurtiyan tems\u00eel dike, ku li dij\u00ee \u015faristaniya Sumer\u00ee li ber xwe dan, da ku heb\u00fbna xwe bipar\u00eazin \u00fb azadiya xwe misoger bikin. Enkidu, yekem Kurtiy\u00ea hevkar\u00ea bajar\u00ee di destan\u00ea de, dibe ku bav \u00fb kal\u00ea yekem \u00ea hem\u00ee Kurtiy\u00ean bajar\u00ee, \u00e7\u00een\u00ee \u00fb hevkar\u00ea desthilatdar be. Humbaba di destan\u00ea de Kurtiyek \u00c7iya ye. Enkidu bi prat\u00eek\u00ee ji Gilgam\u00ea\u015f lava dike ku Humbaba, ku w\u00ee ew xiyanet kiriye, bikuje, m\u00eena Kurtiy\u00ea hevkar \u00ea \u00eeroy\u00een. T\u00eakil\u00ee \u00fb nakokiy\u00ean di navbera \u00e7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya b\u00eatir komunal \u00fb wekhev \u00fb \u00e7anda hiyerar\u015f\u00eek de ku dest bi avakirina \u00e7\u00eenan kir, roleke gir\u00eeng di avakirina H\u00fbriyan de l\u00eestin. H\u00fbr\u00ee, m\u00eena Kurtiyan, heman esl\u00ea xwe parve dikin (di ziman\u00ea Sumer\u00ee de, peyv\u00ean ‘Kur’ \u00fb ‘Ur’ dikarin wek\u00ee ‘\u00c7iya’ \u00fb ‘Gir’ werin f\u00eamkirin). Nav\u00ean civak\u00ean ku li \u00e7iya \u00fb gir\u00ean pergala Toros-Zagros kom b\u00fbne, behsa heman civakan dikin ku ji her du peyvan hatine wergirtin. (BZ) Ji sal\u00ean 2000-an BZ \u00fb p\u00ea ve, dikare were destn\u00ee\u015fankirin ku H\u00fbriyan gav\u00ean gir\u00eeng ber bi \u015faristaniy\u00ea ve av\u00eatine \u00fb bi Xanedaniya Gudean (2150-2050 BZ) li ser bajar\u00ean Sumer\u00ee serdest b\u00fbne. Ji sala 1600 BZ \u00fb p\u00ea ve, wan du \u00eemparatoriy\u00ean c\u00eeran \u00fb t\u00eakildar ava kirine: H\u00eet\u00eet li Anatoliya Nav\u00een \u00fb M\u00eetan\u00ee li Mezopotamya Jor\u00een. \u00c7and\u00ean H\u00eet\u00eet \u00fb M\u00eetan\u00ee m\u00eenaka her\u00ee gir\u00eeng \u00fb bih\u00eaz a \u015faristaniy\u00ea di d\u00eerok\u00ea de tems\u00eel dikin, ku ji h\u00eala \u00e7anda Sumer\u00ee \u00fb H\u00fbriyan ve bandor b\u00fbne. Her du h\u00eaz li dij\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean Bab\u00eel \u00fb As\u00fbr\u00ee y\u00ean bi esl\u00ea xwe Sem\u00eet\u00ee, ku li ser \u00e7anda Sumer\u00ee ava b\u00fbne, b\u00fbn yek \u00fb di sala 1596 BZ de bajar\u00ea Bab\u00eel\u00ea dagir kirin. Di navbera sal\u00ean 1500-1200 BZ de, wek\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean \u015faristan\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00ee bibandor li Rojhilata Nav\u00een, wan bandorek li ser \u015faristaniya Misr\u00ea j\u00ee kiriye. F\u00eegura navdar a Nefert\u00eet\u00ee h\u00eaza v\u00ea bandor\u00ea \u00eespat dike. Dema ku li dora sala 1200 BZ bi h\u00eaza bilind a As\u00fbriyan re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb ma, xuya ye ku H\u00fbr\u00ee, wek\u00ee h\u00eazek \u015faristan\u00ee, belav b\u00fbne \u00fb \u00e7anda xwe ya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya kevin ji bo demek dir\u00eaj domandine. Di navbera sal\u00ean 1200 \u00fb 850 BZ de, ew dikarin wek\u00ee ku di nav yek\u00eet\u00eey\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee y\u00ean sist de di bin nav\u00ea Konfederasyona Nairi de dij\u00een werin nas kirin. Di van serdeman de, em \u015fahid\u00ea avakirina konfederasyon\u00ean sist ber\u00ee \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee navend\u00eekirina h\u00eaz\u00ea wek\u00ee \u00eemparatoriyan in. Di du hezar sal\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een \u00ean \u015faristaniya Sumer\u00ee de, Proto-Kurdan bi \u015faristaniy\u00ea re t\u00eakiliy\u00ean pir dijwar heb\u00fbn. T\u00eakiliyek du-al\u00ee hem\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fketinan n\u00ee\u015fan da. Aliy\u00ea yekem ev e ku wan her gav p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean nakok bi h\u00eaman\u00ean zordar \u00fb \u00eestismarkar \u00ean bajar, \u00e7\u00een \u00fb dewlet\u00ea re di nav \u00e7anda \u015faristaniy\u00ea de jiyan. Her \u00e7end carinan tevger\u00ean ku heta dagirkirina navend\u00ean \u00eestismar \u00fb zordariy\u00ea di\u00e7\u00fbn, wek fetihkirina Bab\u00eel\u00ea \u00fb w\u00earankirina N\u00eenewa, dikirin j\u00ee, dema ku h\u00eaza wan t\u00ear\u00ea nedikir, ew pir caran ji bo parastina heb\u00fbna xwe \u00fb parastina jiyana xwe ya serbixwe \u00fb azad, xwe vediki\u015f\u00eenin l\u00fbtkey\u00ean \u00e7iyay\u00ean negih\u00ee\u015ft\u00ee. \u00c7anda ku ji \u00e7iyay\u00ean ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea \u00c7iyay\u00ean Zagros\u00ea heta D\u00earsim\u00ea bi zaravay\u00ean wekhev diaxive, bi van p\u00ea\u015fketinan ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. \u015eop\u00ean v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea \u00eero j\u00ee pir bi bandor in. Koma ku wek\u00ee Kurd\u00ean \u00c7iyay\u00ee t\u00ea zan\u00een, bi giran\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee p\u00eanc hezar salan li ser v\u00ea xet\u00ea jiyane.<\/p>\n

Ev e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean bi esl\u00ea xwe H\u00fbr\u00ee ne ku li her\u00eam\u00ea dij\u00een. Hevgirtina di navbera esl\u00ea hin peyv\u00ean H\u00fbr\u00ee \u00fb gelek peyv\u00ean Dimilk\u00ee de v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea bi t\u00eara xwe rave dike. Aliy\u00ea duyem\u00een ew e ku ew li ser nirxandin, pejirandin \u00fb as\u00eem\u00eelasyona er\u00ean\u00ee ya t\u00eakiliy\u00ean ku bi \u00e7anda \u015faristan\u00ee re p\u00ea\u015f ketine hatiye avakirin. Di \u00e7anda Kurd\u00ee de, ev refleks\u00ean \u015faristaniy\u00ea bi \u015fikl\u00ea z\u00eehniyet \u00fb saziy\u00ean bajar\u00ee, \u00e7\u00een\u00ee \u00fb dewlet\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f ketine. Qan\u00fbna “Heke h\u00fbn nekarin bi ser bikevin, di\u015fibin hev \u00fb w\u00ea hing\u00ea bi ser bikevin”, ku em di gelek m\u00eenakan de p\u00ea re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb dim\u00eenin, careke din li vir xuya dibe. M\u00eenak\u00ean G\u00fbt\u00ee, M\u00eetan\u00ee, H\u00eet\u00eet, Urartu, Med, Faris \u00fb Sasaniyan diyar dikin ka wan \u00e7awa h\u00eaz\u00ean \u015faristan\u00ee y\u00ean ku \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee wan dikirin t\u00eak birin \u00fb sax man, bi avakirina xwe wek\u00ee \u015faristaniyan, di\u015fibin wan \u00fb bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee li ser wan serketin.<\/p>\n

Ji bo Proto-Kurdan, serdema du hezar sal\u00ee ya \u015faristaniy\u00ea ya ber bi \u00ceslam\u00ea ve ew serdema ku wan bajar\u00ean xwe ava kirin, \u00e7\u00een\u00ean xwe y\u00ean serdest ava kirin \u00fb dewlet\u00ean xwe ava kirin e. Ev \u00e7and ku bi piran\u00ee li \u00e7iya \u00fb de\u015ftan p\u00ea\u015f ket, xwed\u00ee karekterek tevlihev e. Ew ar\u00eestokrasiyek serdest ku ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ean \u015faristaniy\u00ean ku ew dixwestin teql\u00eed bikin qeb\u00fbl kiriye, \u00fb \u00e7\u00een\u00ean j\u00ear\u00een \u00ean ku ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda xwe parastine dihew\u00eene. Ev karektera dual\u00ee ku ji h\u00eala erdn\u00eegariya Kurdan ve bi giran\u00ee bandor b\u00fbye, bi guhertinek hindik heya roja \u00eero dom kiriye. Hem veqetandina dual\u00ee di \u00e7anda \u00e7iya \u00fb de\u015ft\u00ea de \u00fb hem j\u00ee veqetandina dual\u00ee ya li ser bingeha \u00e7\u00een\u00ea di \u00e7anda de\u015ft-bajar\u00ea de, taybetmendiy\u00ean bingeh\u00een in. \u00c7\u00eena jor\u00een bi berdewam\u00ee adaptey\u00eeyek mezin n\u00ee\u015fan\u00ee \u00eest\u00eesmarkar\u00ean biyan\u00ee, dagirker \u00fb fetihkaran da, \u00e7anda xwe ya qeb\u00eele-gel b\u00eak\u00ear dihesibandin, w\u00ea di pa\u015fxan\u00ea de dih\u00ealin \u00fb karan\u00eena w\u00ea di t\u00eakiliy\u00ean navxwey\u00ee de s\u00eenordar dikin. Wan hewldanek hindik an j\u00ee qet nedan ku ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda xwe li ser \u015faristaniy\u00ean ku ew be\u015fdar\u00ee wan b\u00fbne an rasterast ava kirine ferz bikin. Ev rew\u015f ji Gutiyan bigire heya Ey\u00fbbiyan wisa b\u00fbye. Ev \u00e7\u00eena bajar\u00ee ya serdest \u00fb ji aliy\u00ea dewlet\u00ea ve t\u00ea kontrolkirin, di dijberiya heb\u00fbna \u00e7and\u00ee ya kevne\u015fop\u00ee ya Kurdan de ji her civakek din roleke ney\u00een\u00eetir dil\u00eeze. Berjewendiy\u00ean \u00e7\u00eena bilind \u00fb malbat\u00ee y\u00ean ku ji as\u00eem\u00eelasyona ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ean biyan\u00ee derdikevin hol\u00ea, b\u00ea guman di v\u00ea ney\u00een\u00eetiy\u00ea de diyarker in. Kurd\u00ean \u00e7iyay\u00ee y\u00ean xweser \u00fb \u00e7\u00een\u00ean j\u00ear\u00een, bi \u00e7anda xwe ya qeb\u00eele \u00fb malbat\u00ee ya bi piran\u00ee neguherbar, ten\u00ea bi hi\u015ftina hundur\u00een \u00fb bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee gih\u00ee\u015ftina roja \u00eero kar\u00eene heb\u00fbna xwe ya hezar salan bidom\u00eenin. K\u00eamb\u00fbna mezin a ku di navbera van her du be\u015f\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye, b\u00fbye sedema veqetandinek k\u00fbr di navbera “kurdb\u00fbna rast\u00een” \u00fb “kurdb\u00fbna sexte”. Ev rastiya d\u00eerok\u00ee bingeha t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna burjuvaziya neteweperest a bih\u00eaz a Kurd e ku di serdema modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest de derketiye hol\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Civaka Xiristiyan \u00fb umeta \u00ceslam\u00ee civak\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea ne ku li ser bingeha baweriy\u00ean hevpar ji h\u00eala qeb\u00eele \u00fb koley\u00ean b\u00eakar \u00fb veqetand\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ean firar ve hatine avakirin. Li vir, civatek n\u00fb ku ji avahiya qeb\u00eele derbas dibe \u00fb xwedan bingehek \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ya p\u00ea\u015fkeft\u00ee ye, digel baweriy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean n\u00fb, di xeterey\u00ea de ye. L\u00eabel\u00ea, tewra di van \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean civak\u00ee de j\u00ee, qeb\u00eele ku pir hindik guher\u00een derbas kiriye, bi xurt\u00ee heb\u00fbna xwe didom\u00eene. Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku di xeterey\u00ea de ye, veguher\u00eena civakeke qeb\u00eele ya di kr\u00eez\u00ea de ye, li ser bingeha avahiyek n\u00fb ya \u00eedeoloj\u00eek \u00fb civak\u00ee; qeb\u00eele li \u00e7areseriya ku nikare di nav yek\u00eeneya xwe de bib\u00eene, di p\u00ea\u015fxistina \u00e7anda bajar\u00ee, \u00e7\u00een\u00ee \u00fb dewlet\u00ea de digere ku di \u00eenkarkirina demokrasiya qeb\u00eeletiy\u00ea de t\u00ea tems\u00eelkirin. Qeb\u00eele ku di hejmar \u00fb mezinahiy\u00ea de z\u00eade dibin, di kr\u00eez\u00ea de ne. Di v\u00ea kr\u00eez\u00ea de, du t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin derdikevin hol\u00ea: Ya yekem, bingeha qeb\u00eele ya xizan dixwaze bi dabe\u015fkirina xwe \u00fb israrkirina li ser azadiya xwe bij\u00ee, di heman dem\u00ea de hiyerar\u015fiya qeb\u00eele, wek\u00ee xanedaniya serdest, ji bingeha xizan a e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea vediqete \u00fb xwe wek\u00ee civakek dewlet\u00ea ya n\u00fb organ\u00eeze dike, bi gelemper\u00ee bi riya daxuyaniy\u00ean \u00eedeoloj\u00eek ku em j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin ola \u015faristaniy\u00ea. Li vir, \u00e7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya kevin tesl\u00eem\u00ee \u00e7anda \u015faristaniy\u00ea b\u00fbye. Ge\u015fedan\u00ean ku bi v\u00ea veguher\u00een\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne, bajarvan\u00ee, \u00e7\u00eenb\u00fbn \u00fb avakirina dewlet\u00ea ne. Ev \u00e7areseriya bingeh\u00een e ku \u015faristaniy\u00ea ji bo kr\u00eeza \u00e7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee d\u00eetiye. Ramanek ku di seranser\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea de pir t\u00ea n\u00eeqa\u015f kirin, \u00fb ji h\u00eala Marks\u00eestan ve bi berfireh\u00ee t\u00ea parvekirin, ev e ku ev veguher\u00een gavek mezin a p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea ye. \u015earistan\u00ee her gav p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb \u015f\u00eawazek jiyan\u00ea ya bilindtir hatiye hesibandin. Marks \u00fb Engels ji perspekt\u00eefa materyal\u00eezma d\u00eerok\u00ee ve p\u00eadiv\u00eeyek dan v\u00ea veguher\u00een\u00ea, w\u00ea wek\u00ee gaveke mezin a p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea di d\u00eerok\u00ea de dihesibandin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev nikare wek\u00ee qonaxek p\u00eaw\u00eest a kr\u00eeza ku di civaka qeb\u00eeley\u00ee de t\u00ea jiy\u00een were hesibandin. Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku qewim\u00ee terc\u00eeheke \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ya h\u00eaman\u00ean hiyerar\u015f\u00eek b\u00fb. Ji ber ku demokrasiya qeb\u00eeley\u00ee guhertinek e ku bi hesab\u00ea pa\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna azad\u00ee \u00fb wekheviy\u00ea hatiye bidestxistin, ew pa\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbnek nisbeten mezin e, gaveke ber bi j\u00ear ve ye ji bo mirovahiy\u00ea. Ji ber ku d\u00eerok her gav bi perspekt\u00eef\u00ean \u00eedeoloj\u00eek \u00ean kom\u00ean serdest t\u00ea kodkirin, ev guhertin wek\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbnek p\u00eaw\u00eest, p\u00ea\u015fver\u00fb, heta \u015fore\u015fger t\u00ea binavkirin. Rast\u00ee ev e ku ew gaveke reaksiyoner, rez\u00eel \u00fb dij-\u015fore\u015fger e ku ne hewce ye an j\u00ee p\u00eadiv\u00eeyek w\u00ea tune. R\u00fby\u00ea din \u00ea nehat\u00ee vegotin \u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea, \u00e7anda ku her gav li dij\u00ee xiyaneta el\u00eet\u00ean xwe y\u00ean xanedaniya hiyerar\u015f\u00eek t\u00eadiko\u015fe, li ser avah\u00ee \u00fb hi\u015fmendiya demokrat\u00eek, azad \u00fb wekhev a qeb\u00eeley\u00ea israr dike, h\u00eaza rast\u00een e ku p\u00ea\u015fkeftin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea tems\u00eel dike. Rastiya ku d\u00eerok ji h\u00eala v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea ve bi zanist\u00ee \u00fb s\u00eestemat\u00eek nay\u00ea \u00eefade kirin dibe ku k\u00eamasiyek be. L\u00ea ev rast\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan nade ku d\u00eerokek wusa tune ye; Ev n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku ew bi berevaj\u00ee nehatiye niv\u00eesandin, an j\u00ee heke wisa b\u00fbya j\u00ee, ew hatiye tepeserkirin \u00fb propagandaya w\u00ea ne bes bih\u00eaz b\u00fb. \u015earistaniya ku bi yekdestdariy\u00ean \u00eest\u00eesmara \u00eedeoloj\u00eek p\u00ea\u015fketiye kr\u00eez\u00ea \u00e7areser nekiriye; ew \u00eero xwe veguheriye \u00e7avkaniya her\u00ee mezin a kr\u00eez\u00ea, m\u00eena tumorek kanser\u00ea li ser civak\u00ea bi r\u00eaya bajarvaniy\u00ea, \u00e7\u00eenkirina \u00e7\u00een\u00ee \u00fb yekb\u00fbna desthilatdariy\u00ea mezin dibe. Ger mirovah\u00ee bixwaze bij\u00ee, div\u00ea li ser bingeha p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb saz\u00fbman\u00ee y\u00ean ku di seranser\u00ea \u015faristaniy\u00ea de hatine bidestxistin, \u00e7anda demokrat\u00eek, azad \u00fb wekhev a serdema qeb\u00eeley\u00ee li dij\u00ee civaka kr\u00eeza d\u00eerok\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve ava bike.<\/p>\n

Ew \u00ea v\u00ea yek\u00ea bi r\u00eaya p\u00eavajoyek qonax\u00ee bi dest bixe. \u00c7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee, her \u00e7end li Botan \u00fb Zagros\u00ea pir hindik guheriye j\u00ee, h\u00een j\u00ee heye. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku ew heta roja \u00eero maye. Hewl hat day\u00een ku were dagirkirin, l\u00ea y\u00ean ku dixwestin dagir bikin, ew bi xwe li vir as\u00eem\u00eele b\u00fbn. Zimanek\u00ee din nekar\u00ee bibe serdest. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku Kurdb\u00fbn \u00e7andek k\u00fbr e. \u00c7anda Kurd\u00ee \u00fb Kurdistan t\u00eageh\u00ean taybet\u00ee y\u00ean Serdema Nav\u00een in. Wek\u00ee ku me li jor tekez kir, Sumeriyan ji wan re digotin H\u00fbr\u00ee, Url\u00ee. Ev t\u00ea wateya mirov\u00ean \u00e7iyay\u00ee. H\u00fbr\u00ee t\u00eag\u00eenek serdema Sumeriyan e. Bab\u00eeliyan \u00fb As\u00fbriyan ev t\u00eag\u00een dewlemend kirin. Peyva ‘Nairi’ As\u00fbr\u00ee ye, t\u00ea wateya \u00e7em. Peyva Mada peyvek As\u00fbr\u00ee ye. Li Ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Urmiy\u00ea \u015fer bi Madaniyan re hene. Sargon xwed\u00ee navek\u00ee As\u00fbr\u00ee ye. Wek\u00ee h\u00eazek serdest, As\u00fbriyan ew t\u00eag\u00een kir. Sumeriyan ew t\u00eag\u00een kir. Div\u00ea Akad j\u00ee li v\u00ea yek\u00ea werin z\u00eadekirin. H\u00een j\u00ee t\u00eageh ji Bab\u00eeliyan mane. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ziman\u00ea Ar\u00ee, ku di bingeh de afirandina wan bi xwe ye, komek ziman\u00ee ya cuda ye. \u00c7avkaniy\u00ean ziman\u00ea Sumer\u00ee t\u00eane l\u00eakol\u00eenkirin, \u00fb t\u00ea gotin ku “ew h\u00een nehatine d\u00eetin.” L\u00ea d\u00eesa j\u00ee, ev \u00e7avkaniya her\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eek a rastiy\u00ea ye. R\u00eakeftin\u00ean navl\u00eakirin\u00ea j\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan didin. Dikare wek\u00ee d\u00eeroka Proto-Kurd were binavkirin. Wan ev nav l\u00ea kirine, \u00fb ne xelet e. Ev d\u00eerok \u00e7iqas pa\u015fde di\u00e7e? Ew vedigere Med \u00fb Farisan. Bi e\u015fkere, ew \u00e7andek pir xurt b\u00fb. Dema ku em hem li her\u00eama ku em niha j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin Bakur\u00ea Amed \u00fb hem j\u00ee li her\u00eama Zagros\u00ea din\u00earin, gelek bermahiy\u00ean w\u00ea hene. Hem\u00ee vedigerin 10,000 BZ. Ev del\u00eel\u00ean pir xurt in. Ger l\u00eakol\u00een di v\u00ee al\u00ee de k\u00fbrtir bibe, d\u00ea were pi\u015ftrast kirin ku d\u00eerokek wusa proto-Kurd rast e.<\/p>\n

T\u00eakiliya di navbera Faris \u00fb Medan de di d\u00eerok\u00ea de hatiye tomar kirin. Em h\u00een j\u00ee dikarin ziman\u00ea ku ew \u00eero p\u00ea diaxiv\u00een fam bikin; ew bi zimanek\u00ee Ar\u00ee diaxiv\u00een. \u015eer\u00ean wan \u00ean bi As\u00fbriyan re pir e\u015fkere ne. T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna As\u00fbriyan j\u00ee pir gir\u00eeng e. M\u00eetolojiya Dehak bi v\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. T\u00eakiliy\u00ean Med-Faris di d\u00eerok\u00ea de hatine tomar kirin. Herodotus v\u00ea yek\u00ea pir balk\u00ea\u015f rave dike.<\/p>\n

Dema ku \u00e7anda Yewnan\u00ee, bi r\u00eaya \u00ceskender, r\u00eaya xwe ber bi vir ve bir \u00fb ev \u00e7and belav kir, termek n\u00fb der bar\u00ea d\u00eeroka Kurdan de derket hol\u00ea. Di “Vegera Deh Hezar” a Ksenofon de, ew wek\u00ee “Kard\u00fbk\u00ee” t\u00eane binav kirin. Ev koka peyva “Kurd” a \u00eero ye. Wan welat wek\u00ee “Kurdiyan” j\u00ee bi nav kirin. Kurdiyan t\u00ea wateya cih\u00ea ku Kard\u00fbk\u00ee l\u00ea dijiyan an j\u00ee welat\u00ea Kurdan. Ev t\u00eag\u00eenkirin ji h\u00eala \u00e7anda Yewnan\u00ee ve j\u00ee hatiye kirin. “Vegera Deh Hezar” jixwe bi Kurdistan\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Behsa “gel\u00ea Nair\u00ee” ya As\u00fbriyan di \u00e7avkaniyan de t\u00ea d\u00eetin. Herodotus j\u00ee li ser v\u00ea yek\u00ea niv\u00eesandiye. Wek\u00ee din, Kurd li vir dijiyan. Li vir mirov\u00ean ku ew p\u00ea re pev\u00e7\u00fbn dikirin heb\u00fbn. Dibe ku hin kes bib\u00eajin, “Ji zinaran kevir av\u00eatin me, \u00fb me \u015fer kir.” Ev kes k\u00ee ne? Destana Gilgam\u00ea\u015f \u00e7avkaniyek cid\u00ee ye. Ew dib\u00eaje, “Em hatin her\u00eama \u00e7iyay\u00ee, em rast\u00ee Humbaba hatin, \u00fb me ew ku\u015ft.” \u00c7\u00eerok v\u00ea yek\u00ea pir zelal vedib\u00eaje. Ev j\u00ee \u00e7avkaniyek d\u00eerok\u00ee ya cid\u00ee ye. Destana Gilgam\u00ea\u015f, vegotin\u00ean As\u00fbr\u00ee, vegotin\u00ean Yewnan\u00ee, \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea vegotin\u00ean wan \u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee, bawer\u00ee \u00fb raman\u00ean wan \u00ean di bin nav\u00ea Zerde\u015ft\u00eetiy\u00ea de, h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee dest p\u00ea dikin ku werin niv\u00eesandin. Serdema Persan, di rastiy\u00ea de, bi tevah\u00ee t\u00ea niv\u00eesandin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, d\u00eerok hinek\u00ee \u015fekil digire, \u00fb ev d\u00eerok bi t\u00eageha Kurdan re z\u00eadetir t\u00ea hesibandin. \u00c7\u00eeroka t\u00eakiliy\u00ean Med-Persan dir\u00eaj e. D\u00eeroknas her gav dib\u00eajin ku Faris p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee hatin, \u00fb Med duyem\u00een. H\u00eaza sereke ya le\u015fker\u00ee Med b\u00fbn. Malbat\u00ean sereke y\u00ean mezin, r\u00eaz\u00ean mezin, ji esl\u00ea xwe Med b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Ya gir\u00eeng ew e ku komunal\u00eete bi tund\u00ee were damezrandin. Komun\u00eezekirina her\u00ee berbi\u00e7av derketina hol\u00ea ya komunal\u00eezekirin\u00ea di Serdema Meydan\u00ea de, li dora 500 BZ ye. P\u00eanc \u015fax\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean sereke hene, ku \u00e7anda s\u00eestema Toros-Zagros di navenda w\u00ea de ye. Gelo ji vir gengaz e ku meriv bigih\u00eeje b\u00eerdoziyek komunal? Er\u00ea, ew p\u00ea\u015f ket. Keng\u00ee? Li dora 500 BZ, Zerde\u015ft wek\u00ee p\u00eaxemberek gir\u00eeng\u00ee bi dest xist. Bi rast\u00ee, ev \u00e7andek d\u00eerok\u00ee ye. M\u00eena \u00ceslam\u00ea, Zerde\u015ft b\u00eerdoziya xwe veguherand n\u00eev-ol, n\u00eev-felsefe. Di dadgeh\u00ean Farisan de, ev b\u00eerdoz\u00ee b\u00fb ola ferm\u00ee. Ev olek bi taybetmendiy\u00ean komunal e. Bi rast\u00ee, Magan li dij\u00ee pad\u00ee\u015fah\u00ea Faris darbeyek li dar xistin. Di bingeh de, d\u00eeroka Medyay\u00ea d\u00eeroka komunan e. Ew j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin “konfederasyona e\u015f\u00eeran”, ku rast e. \u015e\u00eaweya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee komunan di hundur\u00ea xwe de dij\u00ee. Dikare were gotin ku Konfederasyona Medyay\u00ea federasyonek civakan b\u00fb. Ev rew\u015f bi sedan salan dom kir. Di dawiy\u00ea de, li dora 580 BZ, ew ji h\u00eala Farisan ve hate t\u00eakbirin. Bi Farisan re, serdemek pad\u00ee\u015fahiy\u00ea, ango avakirina dewlet\u00ea, dest p\u00ea dike. Ew serdestiya xwe ya mutleq li ser Medyan deyndar\u00ea v\u00ea yek\u00ea ne. Konfederasyona Nairiyan li hember As\u00fbriyan li ber xwe da. Heta sala 500 BZ, em dib\u00eenin ku ew veguher\u00eeb\u00fbn e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean pir qelstir. Wan statuya xwe ya federasyon\u00ea winda kirib\u00fbn. Ev rew\u015f ji bo Na\u00eeriyan, S\u00fbbariyan li her\u00eama Zap\u00ea \u00fb Medan wiha b\u00fb. Medan 300 salan li hember As\u00fbriyan li ber xwe dan. Ber\u00ee wan H\u00fbr\u00ee heb\u00fbn; wan li her\u00eam\u00ean \u00c7ewlik, Bitl\u00ees \u00fb Amed \u00e7andeke berfireh ava kirin \u00fb di nav de jiyan. Bermahiy\u00ean wan \u00eero j\u00ee xurt in.<\/p>\n

3- Di Serdema Mekan\u00ee-Eksen\u00ea De Kurd <\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku meriv k\u00fbrtir li Serdema Mekan\u00ee ya sal\u00ean 500\u2019\u00ee ber\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea bin\u00eare. Li vir p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbnek \u00eedeoloj\u00eek heye. Veguher\u00eenek ji heb\u00fbna klan-qeb\u00eeley\u00ee ber bi kom\u00een\u00ean li ser bingeha \u00eedeoloj\u00eek ve heye. \u00cedeoloj\u00ee \u015f\u00fbna gir\u00eadan\u00ean klan\u00ea digire. Bi gotineke din, veguher\u00een ji kom\u00een\u00ean navenda klan\u00ee ber bi kom\u00een\u00ean li ser bingeha \u00eedeoloj\u00eek ve dest p\u00ea dike. Ev p\u00eavajo ku ji h\u00eala Magan ve t\u00ea r\u00eavebirin, bi sedan salan dom dike. Dema ku pad\u00ee\u015fah\u00ea Faris kah\u00eeney\u00ean Magan wek\u00ee mertal bikar t\u00eene da ku Zerde\u015ft\u00eetiy\u00ea bike \u00eedeolojiyek ferm\u00ee, berxwedana kom\u00een\u00ean Magan berdewam dike. Di v\u00ea serdem\u00ea de gelek “ocax” hene. Ev hem\u00ee al\u00ee h\u00eajay\u00ee l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea ne. Ev rew\u015f di Yewnaniyan de j\u00ee t\u00ea xuyangkirin. \u015eop\u00ean van di d\u00eeroka Herodotus de bi berfireh\u00ee t\u00eane d\u00eetin. Ew ji h\u00eala t\u00eageh \u00fb baweriy\u00ean li Mezopotamyay\u00ea ve pir bandor b\u00fbne. Wan j\u00ee hin guhertin derbas kirin. Y\u00ean ku van guhertinan \u00e7\u00eakirin Heft Aqilmend \u00fb Sokrates b\u00fbn. Dema ku Aqilmend b\u00eatir bi xwezay\u00ea re eleqedar b\u00fbn, Sokrates bi civak\u00ea, ango xwezaya duyem\u00een re eleqedar b\u00fb. T\u00eageh \u00fb kategoriy\u00ean herdu aliyan bi giran\u00ee adaptey\u00ee y\u00ean ku di medyay\u00ea de t\u00eane hilberandin in. N\u00fbjeniya Sokrates ew e ku v\u00ea \u00eedeolojiy\u00ea ji h\u00eala felsef\u00ee ve k\u00fbrtir bike. Bi awayek\u00ee berbi\u00e7av, ew r\u00eabazek bi tevah\u00ee li ser ‘pirsan pirs\u00een \u00fb l\u00eager\u00eena bersivan’ bikar t\u00eene. Ev bingeha ti\u015ft\u00ea ku em wek\u00ee “r\u00eabaza Sokrates” dizanin e. Ev j\u00ee ji w\u00ea qutb\u00fbnek e. L\u00eabel\u00ea, \u00e7avkaniya w\u00ea \u00eedeolojiya komunal e. Ji h\u00eala din ve, Platon v\u00ea yek\u00ea li gor\u00ee desthilatdariya ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek diguhez\u00eene. Y\u00ean ku Sokrates ku\u015ftin ar\u00eestokrasiya At\u00eenay\u00ee b\u00fbn. Ew avahiyek b\u00fbn ku demokrasiy\u00ea diparastin l\u00ea di bingeh de jiyanek ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek dijiyan. Wan ku\u015ftina xwe bi gotina “Tu ciwan\u00ean me jehr\u00ee dik\u00ee” rewa kir. \u015e\u00eawirmenda jin a Sokrates, Aspasia, bi awayek\u00ee civaka dayiksalar\u00ee tems\u00eel dike. Ev jin ku Sokrates bi tevah\u00ee j\u00ea re dilsoz b\u00fb, cureyek ‘jina aqilmend’ e. N\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean dijwar \u00ean ku w\u00ee bi w\u00ea re kir di felsefeya w\u00ee de t\u00eane xuyang kirin. Her \u00e7end serdema Oracleyan forma komunal a civaka dayiksalar\u00ee tems\u00eel dike j\u00ee, Aspasia jina w\u00ea ya aqilmend e. Oracle aqilmend\u00ean jin in. Mirina Sokrates derbeyek mezin li v\u00ea kom\u00ea j\u00ee da. Di Sokrates de, gengaz e ku meriv veguher\u00eenek kal\u00eetey\u00ee ya kom\u00eenal\u00eetey\u00ea bo nasnameyek ol\u00ee \u00fb felsef\u00ee bib\u00eene. Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, Platon \u00eedeolojiya kom\u00een\u00ea bikar t\u00eene da ku modelek dewleta ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek p\u00ea\u015f bixe. Sokrates ne dewletpar\u00eaz e. L\u00eabel\u00ea, Platon veguher\u00eena ji kast\u00ea bo dewleta ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek formule dike; ew binesaziya w\u00ea ya felsef\u00ee \u00fb \u00eedeoloj\u00eek p\u00ea\u015f dixe. Ev bingeha \u015fore\u015fa Platon e. Gelek dibistan\u00ean felsef\u00ee ji Sokrates, Platon \u00fb Ar\u00eestoteles derketine. Demokr\u00eetos, ku Marx \u00eelhama xwe j\u00ea girtiye, yek ji van dibistanan tems\u00eel dike. Demokr\u00eetos felsefeya bindestan ava dike. Ew ji dibistana Sokrates derdikeve.<\/p>\n

\u015eaxa duyem\u00een \u015faxa Hind\u00ee ye. Li navenda \u015faxa Hind\u00ee Buda heye. Bud\u00eezm \u00eedeolojiyek kom\u00eenal a t\u00eep\u00eek e. Ew pir balk\u00ea\u015f e \u00fb h\u00eajay\u00ee baldariy\u00ea ye. Ew bi awayek\u00ee berbi\u00e7av ti\u015ft\u00ea ku ar\u00eestokrasiya Ar\u00ee li Hindistan\u00ea kiriye n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Wek\u00ee tevgerek kom\u00eenal, ew pir prens\u00eeb\u00ee ye. Bud\u00eezm z\u00fb gih\u00ee\u015ft \u00c7\u00een\u00ea \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee demek\u00ea b\u00fb ola ferm\u00ee ya xanedan\u00ean \u00c7\u00een\u00ee. Li wir j\u00ee, ew ji h\u00eala ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea ve hate veguheztin guhertoyek \u00eedeolojiya dewlet\u00ea. Ew di nav hin e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Tirk\u00ee, li Asyay\u00ea \u00fb li welat\u00ean Ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Asyay\u00ea de bi awayek\u00ee berbi\u00e7av belav b\u00fb. \u00c7awa ku Muawiye \u00ceslam xist xizmeta ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea \u00fb Platon felsefeya Sokrat\u00eek xist xizmeta ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea, pad\u00ee\u015fah\u00ea Ashuka li Hindistan\u00ea Bud\u00eezm xist xizmeta ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea. Xanedaniya Tang li \u00c7\u00een\u00ea roleke di\u015fibihe w\u00ea l\u00eest. \u00c7ima? Ji ber ku van avahiy\u00ean \u00eedeoloj\u00eek ji civakb\u00fbneke li ser bingeha t\u00eakiliy\u00ean xw\u00een\u00ea derbas b\u00fbne. M\u00eenak\u00ee, heke P\u00eaxember Muhammed nekaribe \u00eedeolojiyeke li ser bingeha t\u00eakiliy\u00ean xw\u00een\u00ea derbas bike, d\u00ea ji bo w\u00ee zehmet be ku wan qeb\u00eeleyan bike yek. Ji bo yekkirina Ereban, diviyab\u00fb ku ew ji \u00eedeolojiy\u00ean li ser bingeha t\u00eakiliy\u00ean xw\u00een\u00ea derbas bibe. \u00ceslam gir\u00eadaneke \u00eedeoloj\u00eek e ku hem\u00ee qeb\u00eele-e\u015f\u00eeran dike yek. Bud\u00eezm roleke di\u015fibihe w\u00ea li \u00c7\u00een \u00fb Hindistan\u00ea dil\u00eeze. Destp\u00eaka v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea, li dora 500 BZ, serdema ku Zerde\u015ft\u00eet\u00ee li Medyay\u00ea ge\u015f b\u00fb ye. Kevne\u015fopiya Zerde\u015ft\u00ee di p\u00eakan\u00eena nasnameya Kurd\u00ee de roleke gir\u00eeng dil\u00eeze. Ev kevne\u015fop\u00ee gir\u00eadanek d\u00eerok\u00ee ya veguh\u00eaz di navbera ol\u00ean yekxweday\u00ee y\u00ean \u00cebrah\u00eem\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ean totem\u00eek de ye. Zerde\u015ft\u00ee ku cara yekem avahiy\u00ean totem\u00eek – t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina ol\u00ee ya serdest di \u00e7and\u00ean qeb\u00eeley\u00ee de – ji tab\u00fb veguherand bingehek exlaq\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eageh\u00ee, \u015fore\u015fa yekem a mezin a ol\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ee tems\u00eel dike. Ew di\u015fibihe derketina \u00ceslam\u00ee ya li ser bingeha qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Ereb \u00fb beriya w\u00ea ye. Ew armanc dike ku ji e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Medyay\u00ee y\u00ean proto-Kurd\u00ee yek\u00eetiyek bilindtir biafir\u00eene ku li ser bingeha bawer\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ea ye. Ew \u00e7areseriyek ji bo kr\u00eeza civak\u00ee ya qeb\u00eeley\u00ee bi p\u00eakhateyek demokrat\u00eek a bih\u00eaz p\u00ea\u015f dixe. Ev pergala baweriy\u00ea ku li dora sala 1000 BZ xuya b\u00fb, bi Zerde\u015ft\u00ee re pergalek civak\u00ee ya bi bandor p\u00ea\u015f dixe. Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku di \u015fore\u015fa Zerde\u015ft\u00ee de gir\u00eeng e ev e ku ew cara yekem ji yek\u00eetiya teng a qeb\u00eeley\u00ee \u00fb xanedaniy\u00ea derbas b\u00fb \u00fb di navbera hem\u00ee e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Medyay\u00ee de nasnameyek hevpar a gi\u015ft\u00ee ava kir. Ke\u015f\u00ee\u015f (aqilmend) \u00ean ku j\u00ea re ‘Mag\u00ee’ t\u00ea gotin di civaka n\u00fb de h\u00eaz\u00ean pir bi bandor in. Zerde\u015ft\u00ee enerjiyek civak\u00ee ya mezin diafir\u00eene. \u015e\u00eeyana w\u00ea ya yekkirina e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean ku li ser bingeha baweriyek ol\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ee ya hevpar pir dijwar b\u00fbn, \u015fore\u015fek mezin e ku d\u00eerok\u00ea t\u00eara xwe bala xwe nedaye w\u00ea. Ew ji \u00ceslam \u00fb Xiristiyaniy\u00ea k\u00eamtir bandorker n\u00eene. Bi rast\u00ee, w\u00ea di avakirina kevne\u015fopiya qeb\u00eele-e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya \u00cebran\u00ee de rolek l\u00eest.<\/p>\n

Her wiha wek\u00ee \u00e7avkaniyek roleke bingeh\u00een dil\u00eeze. Ew kevir\u00ea bingeh\u00een e ku Konfederasyona Medyay\u00ea gengaz kiriye. Xanedaniya Axameni\u015f\u00ee ya Faris\u00ee bi r\u00eaya komployan kontrola Konfederasyona Medyay\u00ea ku di bingeh de demokrat\u00eektir b\u00fb, bi dest xist. Di encam\u00ea de, avakirina \u00eemparatoriya her\u00ee mezin a d\u00eerok\u00ea ji h\u00eala Farisan ve bi kevne\u015fopiya civak\u00ee ya Zerde\u015ft\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Xirakirina v\u00ea kevne\u015fopiy\u00ea \u00fb valakirina w\u00ea ji esl\u00ea xwe y\u00ea demokrat\u00eek b\u00fb sedema kevne\u015fopiyeke \u015faristaniy\u00ea ya navend\u00ee \u00ceran\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Kevne\u015fopiya \u00eemparator\u00ee ya Aryan di d\u00eerok\u00ea de xwediy\u00ea serdestiya her\u00ee mezin di bikaran\u00eena \u00e7anda qeb\u00eeley\u00ee ya bi naveroka demokrat\u00eek di nav mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean xwe y\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea de ye. Ew bi afirandina monar\u015f\u00ean her\u00ee bih\u00eaz \u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ea serbilind e bi entegrekirina naveroka demokrat\u00eek di pergala \u015faristaniya xwe de. Li Rojava, ew kar\u00eeb\u00fb heta roja \u00eero wek\u00ee kevne\u015fopiyek despot\u00eezma Rojhilat, berevaj\u00ee demokrasiya At\u00eenay\u00ea, xwe xurt bike \u00fb bidom\u00eene. Her \u00e7end hi\u015fmendiya felsef\u00ee ya ku ji h\u00eala demokrasiya At\u00eenay\u00ea ve hat\u00ee p\u00eaxistin di avakirina \u015faristaniya Rojava de rolek bingeh\u00een l\u00eestibe j\u00ee, kevne\u015fopiya Zerde\u015ft\u00ee ku ji h\u00eala despot\u00eezm\u00ea ve di dadgeh\u00ean Farisan de vala b\u00fb, ne ten\u00ea tesl\u00eem\u00ee art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean \u00ceskender b\u00fb, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de nekar\u00ee m\u00eerata \u00e7and\u00ee ya civak\u00ean Rojhilat ji windab\u00fbn\u00ea xilas bike. \u00c7awa ku despot\u00eezma Osman\u00ee nekarib\u00fb m\u00eerata \u00e7and\u00ee ya \u00ceslam\u00ee ya may\u00ee li dij\u00ee \u015faristaniya kap\u00eetal\u00eest a Rojava bipar\u00eaze. Ev kevne\u015fopiya demokrat\u00eek a d\u00eerok\u00ee ku hema hema li ber windab\u00fbn\u00ea ye di nav Kurd\u00ean \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee de, mijarek gir\u00eeng e ku h\u00eajay\u00ee l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea ye. Dema ku Kurd\u00ean \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee \u00fb Elew\u00ee bi baldar\u00ee t\u00eane \u015fopandin, taybetmendiy\u00ean demokrat\u00eek, azad \u00fb wekhev \u00ean \u00e7anda Zerde\u015ft\u00ee, nemaze wek\u00ee ku di nav jinan de t\u00ea tems\u00eel kirin, bi h\u00easan\u00ee t\u00eane d\u00eetin. Tev\u00ee hem\u00ee tepeserkirina wan, entegrasyona wan bi xwezay\u00ea re, e\u015fkereb\u00fbna wan \u00fb w\u00earekiya wan berbi\u00e7av in.<\/p>\n

Farisan Zerde\u015ft\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea kirin. L\u00ea kevne\u015fopiyeke melay\u00ee ya bih\u00eaz j\u00ee berdewam kir. Man\u00ee ev yek b\u00eatir p\u00ea\u015f xist. Man\u00ee Kurd b\u00fb. \u00cedeolojiya ku w\u00ee diparast komunal b\u00fb. Bandora Man\u00ee wek\u00ee \u00eedeolojiyeke klan\u00ee-qeb\u00eel\u00ee heta \u00ceslam\u00ea berdewam kir. L\u00eabel\u00ea, Man\u00ee nikar\u00eeb\u00fb ji bandora ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea bireve.<\/p>\n

Ar\u00eestokrasiyan ketin nav baweriy\u00ea, ew par\u00e7e kirin \u00fb bermahiy\u00ean w\u00ea wek\u00ee mezheb \u00fb mezheban belav kirin. M\u00eena baweriy\u00ean \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee \u00fb Elew\u00ee-K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f xwe bi bermahiy\u00ean Zerde\u015ft\u00eetiy\u00ea \u00eefade dikin. B\u00ea guman, ew bi deformasyonek\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftin roja \u00eero.<\/p>\n

Ermen\u00ee ji bakur\u00ea Yewnanistan\u00ea ne. Dema ku \u015faxek Dor\u00ee ji bakur\u00ea Yewnanistan\u00ea ber bi rojhilat ve \u00e7\u00fb girav\u00ean Egey\u00ea \u00fb \u00ceyonyay\u00ea, Ermen\u00ee j\u00ee gih\u00ee\u015ftin Mezopotamyay\u00ea. Dibe ku \u015faristaniya Urartu ji van bandor b\u00fbbe, ji ber ku Ermen\u00ee hunera hesinkar\u00ee \u00fb m\u00eemariya bajar\u00ee bi dest xistin. Wan li v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea gelek keleh ava kirin \u00fb j\u00eahat\u00eeb\u00fbna wan a metalkirin\u00ea bi piran\u00ee di dest\u00ean wan de dim\u00eene. Ya gir\u00eeng li vir ev e ku ev \u00e7andeke ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek e. \u00c7awa ku Kurdan \u00e7andeke qeb\u00eeley\u00ee-e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee heye, Ermen\u00ee j\u00ee \u00e7andeke ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek heye. Bi rast\u00ee, Ermen\u00ee \u015faxek ji \u015fore\u015fa dij-ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek in. Helen\u00ee koma ziman\u00ea Hind-Ewrop\u00ee bikar t\u00eenin; ew \u00e7\u00eenek ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek in. Fr\u00eegyay\u00ee, L\u00eedyay\u00ee \u00fb Dor\u00ee j\u00ee kom\u00ean \u015ferker \u00ean ar\u00eestokrat b\u00fbn. M\u00eena kom\u00ean Kast\u00eel\u00ee y\u00ean kevnar, van koman hem li Anatoliy\u00ea \u00fb hem j\u00ee li Kurdistan\u00ea hukum dikirin. Ew kom\u00ean \u015ferker \u00ean ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena H\u00eet\u00eetan, ji dora sala 1000 BZ \u00fb p\u00ea ve, van kom\u00ean ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek Anatoliy\u00ea dorp\u00ea\u00e7 kirin. Farisan her\u00eam\u00ean ku Ermen\u00ee l\u00ea dij\u00een kirin par\u00eazgehek. Farisan j\u00ee peyva “Ermenistan” bi kar an\u00een. L\u00ea ev her\u00eam ji her al\u00ee ve ji h\u00eala e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurd ve hatib\u00fbn dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirin. Kurd civatek e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ne; ew qet nekar\u00een bi rast\u00ee bajarvaniy\u00ea bikin. Bajarvan\u00ee li de\u015ftan bi r\u00eaya maden, huner \u00fb bazirganiy\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f ket. L\u00ea Kurdan qet civaka xwe ya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee terk nekir.<\/p>\n

P\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku Ermen\u00ee bi Kurdan re t\u00eakiliy\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00eek hebin. Ji ber ku dema ku r\u00eaveberiya li Urartu di dest\u00ea Ermeniyan de b\u00fb, \u00e7iya, e\u015f\u00eer, xwed\u00eekirina heywanan \u00fb \u015fivan\u00ee di dest\u00ea Kurdan de b\u00fbn. Ev rew\u015f heta demek n\u00eaz\u00eek berdewam kir. \u00c7anda ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek k\u00eamb\u00fbna Ermeniyan bileztir kir, l\u00ea e\u015f\u00eertiya Kurd\u00ee h\u00een j\u00ee dih\u00eale ku Kurd li vir bij\u00een. Ev \u00e7avd\u00eariyek gir\u00eeng e. Dema ku van rastiy\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee t\u00eane hesibandin, d\u00ea were f\u00eamkirin ku div\u00ea d\u00eeroka Ermeniyan j\u00ee wek\u00ee d\u00eeroka Kurdan were l\u00eakol\u00eenkirin. Ji ni\u015ftecihb\u00fbn\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een \u00ean Ermeniyan li Anatoliya \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea heta roja \u00eero, Kurd her gav li k\u00ealeka wan b\u00fbne. Ew her gav di t\u00eakiliy\u00ea de b\u00fbn, hem di war\u00ea parvekirin \u00fb hevkariy\u00ea de, hem j\u00ee di war\u00ea nakok\u00ee \u00fb aloziy\u00ea de. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ne zore ku meriv \u015fop\u00ean k\u00fbr \u00ean d\u00eeroka Kurd di d\u00eeroka Ermeniyan de bib\u00eene. Hevpariy\u00ean Ermen\u00ee-Kurd\u00ee di \u00e7and, ziman, folklor, destan, \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean cil \u00fb bergan \u00fb adet\u00ean rojane de bi h\u00easan\u00ee t\u00eane d\u00eetin. Bi v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea, veqetandina d\u00eeroka Ermeniyan ji d\u00eeroka Kurdan d\u00ea vegotinek netemam a d\u00eerok\u00ea be.<\/p>\n

4- D\u00eeroka Ve\u015fart\u00ee ya Kurdan di D\u00eeroka Ereban de<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ceslam, wek\u00ee olek ku ji qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Ereban derketiye hol\u00ea, van qeb\u00eeleyan bi \u00eedeolojiyek komunal da nas\u00een.<\/p>\n

Bandora \u00ceslam\u00ea li ser \u00e7and \u00fb \u015faristaniya kevne\u015fop\u00ee ya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u015fore\u015fger e. Dibe ku ew bersiva \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee ya her\u00ee bibandor be ji bo kr\u00eeza ku bi sedsalan \u00e7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee di\u00ea\u015fand. Ber\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea, e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Ereb \u00ean N\u00eevgirava Ereb\u00ee bi sedan, heta bi hezaran salan di nav xwe de di rew\u015fek pev\u00e7\u00fbnek b\u00eadaw\u00ee de b\u00fbn. \u00c7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eenek mezin dij\u00ee. Jin hatin xirabkirin \u00fb zarok\u00ean ke\u00e7 ewqas b\u00eaq\u00eemet hatin hesibandin ku ew zind\u00ee hatin binaxkirin. Ev \u00e7and \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean ku civakek klas\u00eek wek\u00ee \u00e7areseriyek xwed\u00ee bike tune b\u00fbn. Bi kurtas\u00ee, ne federasyon\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee y\u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee \u00fb ne j\u00ee avahiy\u00ean desthilatdariy\u00ea y\u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee y\u00ean li ser bingeha koletiy\u00ea nekar\u00een kr\u00eez\u00ea derbas bikin. P\u00ea\u015fniyar\u00ean pir prat\u00eek\u00ee, \u00eedeoloj\u00eek \u00fb siyas\u00ee y\u00ean P\u00eaxember Muhammed di v\u00ea haw\u00eerdor\u00ea de wek\u00ee dermanek tevdigerin.<\/p>\n

Bi hevberkirina enerjiya di nav qeb\u00eeleyan de bi \u00ceslam\u00ea re, w\u00ea teq\u00eenek mezin afirand. Ew dikarib\u00fb bigih\u00eeje her der\u00ea. Ji dora 600 PZ, destp\u00eaka Serdema Nav\u00een, \u00ceslam kar\u00eeb\u00fb bibe \u00eedeolojiyek hegemon\u00eek heya 1600 PZ. Taybetmendiya bingeh\u00een a v\u00ea \u015fore\u015fa Muhemmedan\u00ee w\u00earektiya w\u00ea ye ku pergaleke siyas\u00ee ya n\u00fb biafir\u00eene ku ji civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb \u00cemperatoriy\u00ean c\u00eeran \u00ean B\u00eezans \u00fb Sasaniyan derbas bibe, b\u00eay\u00ee ku bikeve bin bandora wan. Bilindkirina t\u00eageha Xwed\u00ea di derketina hol\u00ea ya civaka \u00ceslam\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7anda siyas\u00ee de kok digire. Anal\u00eezek sosyoloj\u00eek \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ee ya t\u00eageha “Xwed\u00ea” li ser bingehek zanist\u00ee d\u00ea gir\u00eadanek zelaltir bi gir\u00eengiya van her du diyardeyan re e\u015fkere bike. Nod \u00fb neh watey\u00ean c\u00fbda y\u00ean peyva “Xwed\u00ea” bi rast\u00ee man\u00eefestoyek siyas\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb heta abor\u00ee j\u00ee diyar dikin. Bi rast\u00ee, xwe-p\u00eanaseya w\u00ea wek\u00ee “peyamn\u00ear” \u00fb “\u00eelanker” bi h\u00eaz nasnameya n\u00fb ya senteza d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee ya li pi\u015ft w\u00ea rave dike.<\/p>\n

Dilema ku di d\u00eeroka \u015faristaniy\u00ea de li ser her \u015fore\u015fek\u00ea t\u00ea, di \u015fore\u015fa \u00ceslam\u00ee de j\u00ee bi tund\u00ee t\u00ea jiy\u00een. Demek kurt pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbna w\u00ea, pirsa bingeh\u00een derket hol\u00ea ka gelo \u015fore\u015f d\u00ea bi r\u00eagezek demokrat\u00eek an otor\u00eeter p\u00eak were. Her du meyl j\u00ee ji dema jidayikb\u00fbna \u00ceslam\u00ea ve bi tund\u00ee dihatin h\u00eeskirin. Dema ku \u00e7\u00eena jor\u00een a e\u015f\u00eeran \u00fb y\u00ean ku ji bo desthilatdariy\u00ea hewes dikirin bi lez \u00fb bez hewl didan \u015fore\u015f\u00ea veguher\u00eenin sultaneteke \u00eeslam\u00ee, \u00e7\u00eena j\u00ear\u00een \u00fb h\u00eaman\u00ean kole hewl\u00ean mezin dan ku w\u00ea di r\u00eagezek demokrat\u00eek de p\u00ea\u015fve bibin. \u00c7\u00eena jor\u00een a e\u015f\u00eera Qurey\u015f a serdest, di bin serokatiya Muawiye de, hewl da ku r\u00ea li ber n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya nermtir \u00fb demokrat\u00eek a \u00cemam El\u00ee bigire. Pi\u015ft\u00ee mirina Muhammed, s\u00ea xel\u00eefey\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een – Eb\u00fbbekir, Omer \u00fb Osman – ne\u00e7ar man ku di serdema veguh\u00eaz (632-656 PZ) de xel\u00eefetiy\u00ea bigirin ser xwe ji ber nakokiy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean bi \u00cemam El\u00ee re. Di v\u00ea serdem\u00ea de, di navbera kevne\u015fopiya demokrat\u00eek (\u015eeb\u00eeyye) \u00fb kevne\u015fopiya otor\u00eeter (Sultan) de pev\u00e7\u00fbnek dijwar \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Destp\u00eaka \u015fikestina di \u00ceslam\u00ea de Muawiye ye. Ev dikare wek\u00ee dij\u00ee-\u00ceslam were binavkirin, \u00fb esl\u00ea w\u00ea fetihkirina \u00ceslam\u00ea ji h\u00eala ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea ve ye. Nim\u00fbneya berbi\u00e7av a v\u00ea yek\u00ea b\u00fbyera Kerbelay\u00ea ye. Z\u00eadetir\u00ee hezar salan e, b\u00fbyerek Kerbelay\u00ea di nav \u00ceslam\u00ea de berdewam dike. Hem\u00ee endam\u00ean Ehl\u00ea Beyt\u00ea ku \u00ceslam an\u00een dinyay\u00ea, li Kerbelay\u00ea hatin qirkirin. Pi\u015ft\u00ee v\u00ea b\u00fbyer\u00ea, gelek mezheb \u00fb terk\u00eeb, wek \u00cesma\u00eel\u00ee, Zeyd\u00ee, Fatimiy\u00ee \u00fb Qermat\u00ee, ji hev cuda b\u00fbn. Dema ku ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea desthilatdariya xwe diparast, civak b\u00fb \u00e7end kom. Hin ji wan ji e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean \u00e7ol\u00ea veguher\u00ee ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea, hin\u00ean din j\u00ee di muxalefet\u00ea de man \u00fb b\u00fbn mezheb \u00fb terk\u00eeb. Di X\u00eelafeta Ebasiyan de, xizmeta ji bo ar\u00eestokrasiy\u00ea berdewam kir.<\/p>\n

Heb\u00fbna \u00e7and\u00ee ya Kurdan j\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea h\u00eaz\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee y\u00ean hilketin\u00ee ve, bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea xwezaya w\u00earanker a \u00ceslama Sasaniyan ve, bi giran\u00ee bandor b\u00fb. Xanedaniya Umew\u00ee \u00fb rej\u00eema sultantiy\u00ea, bi awayek\u00ee pir di\u015fibihe \u015f\u00eawaza fetih \u00fb w\u00earankirina \u00ceskender\u00ea Mezin, bi \u015fer\u00ean xw\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean fetihkirin\u00ea, bi lez \u00fb bez erd\u00ean Kurdan xist bin kontrola xwe. Fermandaran m\u00eena Hacac\u00ea zalim hem\u00fb Kurd\u00ean saxlem qir kirin, jin \u00fb zarok\u00ean wan bi girsey\u00ee girtin. Nim\u00fbneya her\u00ee kevin a dagirkeriy\u00ean wiha y\u00ean li dij\u00ee Kurdan kampanyaya destan\u00ee ya Gilgam\u00ea\u015f e, bi hevkar\u00ea w\u00ee Enk\u00eedu re, ber bi her\u00eam\u00ean daristan\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7iyay\u00ee y\u00ean bakur \u00fb rojhilat\u00ea Iraq\u00ea y\u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een ve, kampanyayek ku bi xw\u00eenrijandin\u00ea hatiye n\u00ee\u015fankirin. Helwesta Kurdan a li hember \u00ceslama Sasaniyan nakokiyeke k\u00fbr b\u00fb. Hiyerar\u015fiya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya kevne\u015fop\u00ee, pi\u015ft\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena \u00cemperatoriya Sasaniyan ku ew j\u00ea re gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fb, bi dilxwaz\u00ee \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bsoz da efendiy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean n\u00fb. El\u00eeta hevkar a Kurd, ku her gav desthilatdariy\u00ea bi bindestiya efendiy\u00ea dagirker ve gir\u00eadide, p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee bi Xanedaniya Umew\u00ee re entegre b\u00fb \u00fb d\u00fbv re h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee b\u00fb Ereb\u00eeze. \u00c7\u00eeroka Ereb\u00eezekirina el\u00eeta Kurd, ku bi h\u00eaza serdest re hevkariy\u00ea dikir, pir balk\u00ea\u015f e. Ev kom, ku bi giran\u00ee m\u00eerata xwe ya ziman\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee di nav \u00e7anda \u00eemparator\u00ee ya \u00ceran\u00ea de parastib\u00fb, ku bi hezaran salan p\u00ea re hevkar\u00ee kirib\u00fb \u00fb ji h\u00eala etn\u00eek\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fb, bi lez \u00fb bez erebkirin hilbijart, ku bi avakirina \u00e7\u00eena xwe ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fb. Ber\u00ee erebkirin\u00ea, serok\u00ean hiyerar\u015f\u00eek \u00ean Kurd h\u00een j\u00ee bi \u00e7anda xwe ya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fbn, a\u00eed\u00ee heman e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea b\u00fbn. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, avakirina \u00e7\u00een\u00ea qels b\u00fb. Berjewendiy\u00ean wan ferz dikir ku di nav e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean xwe de li ser\u00ea hiyerar\u015fiy\u00ea bim\u00eenin ji avakirina \u00e7\u00een\u00ea s\u00fbdmendtir \u00fb p\u00eaw\u00eesttir e. Windakirina t\u00eakiliy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee y\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb yekb\u00fbna wek\u00ee kes an malbat di nav \u00e7anda xanedaniya serdest a biyan\u00ee de ne di berjewendiya wan de b\u00fb. Di rew\u015fek wusa de, ew dikarin her ti\u015ft\u00ee winda bikin. Ji bo \u00eespatkirina v\u00ea yek\u00ea gelek m\u00eenak\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee heb\u00fbn. Rastiya e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurd di pabendb\u00fbna wan bi \u00e7anda xwe de pir hi\u015fk b\u00fb, ku entegrasyon \u00fb as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea bi h\u00eaz\u00ean dervey\u00ee re ne gengaz an j\u00ee \u00eest\u00eesna dikir. Wek\u00ee din, \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean mad\u00ee y\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean nep\u00ea\u015fkeft\u00ee y\u00ean \u00e7\u00eena tebeqekirin\u00ea (r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna wan a bi \u00e7anda bajar\u00ee \u00fb dewlet\u00ea re) \u00fb, ya her\u00ee gir\u00eeng, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena wan a domdar li dij\u00ee dagirker\u00ee, fetih \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean \u00eestismarkar \u00ean dervey\u00ee rolek gir\u00eeng l\u00eestin. Di serdema dagirkeriy\u00ea de ku ji Xanedaniya Ereb a Emewiyan derketiye hol\u00ea, hem ji h\u00eala d\u00eerok\u00ee ve \u00fb hem j\u00ee ji h\u00eala civak\u00ee ve c\u00fbdahiyek \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb. Bi derketina desthilatdariya \u00ceslam\u00ee re, \u00e7\u00eena jor\u00een a e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Ereb bi lez ji \u00e7\u00een\u00ean j\u00ear\u00een \u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean xwe veqetiyan \u00fb b\u00fbn \u00e7\u00eenek serdest a n\u00fb. \u00c7\u00eenb\u00fbnek \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ya k\u00fbr e\u015fkere b\u00fb. Di serdema Emewiyan de ar\u00eestokrasiyek \u00ceslam\u00ee-Ereb\u00ee ya pir bih\u00eaz derket hol\u00ea. Ji bo cara yekem di \u00e7anda Rojhilata Nav\u00een de, cureyek n\u00fb ya t\u00eakiliya axa-mereba derket hol\u00ea, ku ji t\u00eakiliya kevne\u015fop\u00ee ya axa-kole derbas b\u00fb \u00fb di\u015fibiya t\u00eakiliya xulam-axaftin\u00ea ku pa\u015f\u00ea li Ewropay\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f ket. Avakirina t\u00eakiliy\u00ean \u00e7\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean tehem\u00fblkir\u00eetir li gor\u00ee koletiya klas\u00eek encama her\u00ee gir\u00eeng a sultanatiya \u00ceslam\u00ee ye. Di bin desthilatdariya \u00ceslam\u00ee de r\u00eaziknameyek \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ya n\u00fb derket hol\u00ea, ku ji h\u00eala Xanedaniya Emewiyan ve hate p\u00ea\u015feng kirin. Xanedaniy\u00ean Emewiyan bi lez qesr\u00ean xwe bi burokrat \u00fb hevkar\u00ean \u00e7\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean bermahiy\u00ean \u00eemparatoriy\u00ean B\u00eezans\u00ee \u00fb Sasaniyan tij\u00ee kirin da ku xizmet\u00ea ji wan re bikin. \u00c7\u00een\u00ean jor\u00een \u00ean hem\u00ee \u00e7and\u00ean ku wan fetih kirin ev avahiya \u00e7\u00eena civak\u00ee ya d\u00eerok\u00ee ya n\u00fb ji bo berjewendiy\u00ean xwe pir s\u00fbdmend d\u00eetin, bi lez b\u00fbn ar\u00eestokrat, her \u00e7end li ser bingehek hevkariy\u00ea bin j\u00ee. Wan gelek t\u00eakiliy\u00ean zewac\u00ea bi ar\u00eestokrasiya xanedaniya serdest re dan\u00een. Wan zarok\u00ean xwe bi ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda ferm\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee perwerde kirin, \u00fb bi lez xwe ji ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean xwe d\u00fbr xistin. Ev rew\u015f, ku ber\u00ea li dij\u00ee berjewendiy\u00ean wan b\u00fb, ji bo ar\u00eestokrasiya n\u00fb ya \u00ceslam\u00ee bi tevah\u00ee guncaw b\u00fb. Wek\u00ee din, m\u00eenak\u00ean bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee di tevahiya d\u00eerok\u00ea de gelemper\u00ee b\u00fbn. Ziman\u00ean ferm\u00ee y\u00ean Akad\u00ee, Aram\u00ee \u00fb Suryan\u00ee ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ean hevpar \u00ean \u00eemparatoriy\u00ean kole y\u00ean klas\u00eek bi hezaran sal ber\u00ee Ereb\u00ee b\u00fbn. Ew jixwe rola ku Yewnan\u00ee \u00fb Lat\u00een\u00ee li Rojava dil\u00eestin dil\u00eestin. Ji bo cara yekem bi \u00ceslam\u00ea re, Ereb\u00ee rab\u00fb \u00fb b\u00fb ziman\u00ea hevpar \u00ea berbelav \u00ea \u00e7anda Rojhilata Nav\u00een. \u00c7anda xanedaniy\u00ea j\u00ee bi Ereb\u00ee hate \u00eefadekirin, b\u00fb \u00e7anda hevpar a jiyan\u00ea ji bo tevahiya ar\u00eestokrasiya \u00ceslam\u00ee ya Rojhilata Nav\u00een. Zehmet e ku malbateke ar\u00eestokrat a Rojhilata Nav\u00een hebe ku koka xwe negih\u00eene xanedan\u00ean Ereb. Her malbateke ar\u00eestokrat a hevkar pir baldar b\u00fb ku koka xwe bi xanedanek Ereb ve gir\u00eabide, nemaze Ehl\u00ea Beyt\u00ea. Div\u00ea \u00e7\u00een\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean zana \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee j\u00ee li v\u00ea karwan\u00ea werin z\u00eadekirin. Wan hem\u00fbyan ew kirin adet ku koka xwe ya kevin \u00eenkar bikin \u00fb sernav\u00ean xanedaniy\u00ea y\u00ean n\u00fb hilgirin. Tew \u00e7anda Faris\u00ee ya hezar salan kevin j\u00ee nikar\u00eeb\u00fb ji as\u00eem\u00eelasyona dijwar a di nav ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda Ereb\u00ee de xilas bibe. Ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ean qels bi h\u00easan\u00ee hatin daqurtandin. Akad\u00eeya kevin gir\u00eengiya xwe bi tevah\u00ee winda kir; Aram\u00ee \u00fb Suryan\u00ee piraniya h\u00eaza xwe winda kirin. Qat\u00ean jor\u00een \u00ean e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Kurd j\u00ee para xwe ji v\u00ea entegrasyon \u00fb as\u00eem\u00eelasyona bilez wergirtin. Zer\u00ea Kevin Berdewamiya kevne\u015fopiy\u00ean kevin ji s\u00fbd\u00ea b\u00eatir zirar da wan. Israrkirina li ser v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea t\u00ea wateya windakirina heb\u00fbna wan. Pi\u015ft\u00ee demek kurt a aloziyan, pejirandina bilez a as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea di nav ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ean biyan\u00ee de, meylek ku di d\u00eerok\u00ea de di nav \u00e7\u00een\u00ean serdest de belav b\u00fb, ji bo domandina jiyana wan b\u00fb p\u00eadiv\u00eeyek. Di navbera sedsal\u00ean 7 \u00fb 10an \u00ean PZ de, \u00e7\u00eenek jor\u00een a Kurd a pir bih\u00eaz \u00fb hevkar derket hol\u00ea, ku xwe di nav ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek a Ereb de as\u00eem\u00eele kir \u00fb entegre kir. Her \u00e7end bi ferm\u00ee wek\u00ee Kurd dihatin hesibandin j\u00ee, ew ji h\u00eala ziman\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee ve mijar\u00ean Erebiya ferm\u00ee b\u00fbn. Wan jiyana bi v\u00ee ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda n\u00fb re wek\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fanek cudah\u00ee did\u00eetin \u00fb p\u00ea serbilind b\u00fbn. Ev yekem kes b\u00fbn ku dev ji ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda xwe berdan. Bermahiy\u00ean wan \u00ean bih\u00eaz h\u00een j\u00ee li Kurdistan\u00ea hene. Di nav \u00ceslam\u00ea de \u00e7end mezheb\u00ean \u015e\u00eee y\u00ean dijber derketin hol\u00ea. N\u00ee\u015fana v\u00ea yek\u00ea li ser Kurdan xeta Eb\u00fb El-Wefa El-K\u00fbrd\u00ee b\u00fb. V\u00ea yek\u00ea di nav \u00ceslam\u00ea de \u015fikestinek gir\u00eeng \u00e7\u00eakir \u00fb b\u00fb sedema komunal\u00eezm\u00ea. Komunal\u00eezma Kurd di “Wefa\u00eel\u00eezm\u00ea” de, ku di Serdema Nav\u00een de ji h\u00eala Eb\u00fb El-Wefa ve hat\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fve xistin, \u00eefadeya xwe d\u00eet. Eb\u00fb El-Wefa ev veguherand \u00eedeolojiyek komunal. Em dikarin bib\u00eajin ku ev b\u00eerdoziya komunal p\u00ea\u015fketiye \u00fb b\u00fbye civaka Elew\u00ee ya ku em \u00eero p\u00ea dizanin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, koka w\u00ea \u00ceslam\u00ee ye. Ew dijber e \u00fb li her\u00eam\u00ean \u00e7iyay\u00ee \u015fop\u00eener\u00ean xwe dib\u00eene. Ew di baweriya dijber a bi nav\u00ea Ehl\u00ee Heq de j\u00ee wek\u00ee guhertoyek c\u00fbda t\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fandan, ku di baweriya Yaresan\u00ee de j\u00ee berdewam dike. \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee komek bi tevah\u00ee c\u00fbda ne. Qadir\u00ee \u00fb Neq\u015f\u00eebend\u00ee j\u00ee wek\u00ee guhertoy\u00ean c\u00fbda derketin hol\u00ea. Neq\u015f\u00eebend\u00eezm b\u00eatir wek\u00ee r\u00eazek Suf\u00ee ya n\u00fbjen p\u00ea\u015f ket \u00fb xwe disp\u00eare sultan \u00fb \u015fahan. Her \u00e7end bingeha \u015e\u00ee\u00eetiy\u00ea komunal be j\u00ee, ew veguher\u00ee b\u00eerdoziyek xanedan\u00ee ya li ser bingeha Sefewiyan. Her weha balk\u00ea\u015f e ku hema hema hem\u00ee serok\u00ean wan Kurd b\u00fbn. Safiyudd\u00een Kurd b\u00fb. Abdulkad\u00eer Geylan\u00ee j\u00ee Kurd b\u00fb, ji Kurdistan\u00ea. N\u00fbner\u00ea sedsala 19-an \u00ea r\u00eaza Neq\u015f\u00eebend\u00ee Mevlana Xalid b\u00fb, Kurdek ji e\u015f\u00eera Caf li Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea. Hem\u00eeyan b\u00eerdoziy\u00ean xwe p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee xizmeta sultan \u00fb \u015fahan kirin. Talaban\u00ee ji r\u00eaza Qadir\u00ee, l\u00ea Barzaniy\u00ea Neq\u015f\u00eebend\u00ee b\u00fb. Wan bi karan\u00eena bandora van r\u00eazan modern\u00eeze b\u00fbn. Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku j\u00ea re \u00eedeolojiya modern t\u00ea gotin neteweperwer\u00ee ye. Ji aliy\u00ea din ve, muxalefet heta sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea \u00e7\u00fb.<\/p>\n

5- Di D\u00eerok\u00ea de T\u00eakiliy\u00ean Kurd-Tirk <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ber\u00ee her ti\u015ft\u00ee, div\u00ea em bin\u00ea v\u00ea xal\u00ee xet\u00ean st\u00fbr x\u00eaz bikin: Serp\u00eahatiya Tirkan li Rojhilata Nav\u00een b\u00eay\u00ee Kurdan ne temam e. Div\u00ea ev yek pir k\u00fbr were f\u00eamkirin. Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku Tirkan ava kirine, wan ew bi r\u00eaya Kurdan ava kirine. Wan ev li ser bingeha t\u00eakiliyek fermandariy\u00ea kir. Mixabin, ji Harpagos vir ve, Kurd her gav le\u015fker\u00ean fermandar\u00ean din b\u00fbne. Ev taybetmendiyek pir kevne\u015fop\u00ee ya Kurdan e. Fermandar her gav kesek din e. Ji dema ku Konfederasyona Medyay\u00ea ya d\u00eerok\u00ee ji h\u00eala Harpagos ve hat xiyanetkirin \u00fb bi daw\u00ee b\u00fb, le\u015fker\u00ean Kurd \u00ean her\u00ee j\u00eahat\u00ee her gav le\u015fker\u00ean fermandar\u00ean din b\u00fbne.<\/p>\n

Ji bo ku ez hinek\u00ee b\u00eatir Tirkan rave bikim; Tirk wek\u00ee art\u00ea\u015fa \u00ceslam\u00ea hatin v\u00ea erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea. Di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de, Xel\u00eefey\u00ea Ebasiyan ji h\u00eala xanedaniya B\u00fbyid, xanedaniyek Kurd, ve di bin dorp\u00ea\u00e7\u00ea de b\u00fb \u00fb fonksiyona w\u00ee bi h\u00eaz\u00ean rayedarek ol\u00ee ve s\u00eenordar b\u00fb. Ji ber ku Fatimiyan gih\u00ee\u015ftib\u00fbn s\u00eenor\u00ean D\u00eecle-Firat\u00ea, dawiya X\u00eelafet\u00ea hema hema li ser wan b\u00fb. Di haw\u00eerdorek wusa de, Xel\u00eefey\u00ea Ebasiyan ji bo al\u00eekariy\u00ea gaz\u00ee Tugrul Bey kir \u00fb sultanat da w\u00ee. Merc\u00ea bingeh\u00een qelskirina bandora B\u00fbyiyan b\u00fb. Ji bo ku p\u00eadiviy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee bic\u00eeh b\u00eene, Tugrul Bey bi Kurd\u00ean Sunn\u00ee re, ku req\u00eeb\u00ean B\u00fbyiy\u00ean \u015e\u00eee b\u00fbn, hevpeymaniyek \u00e7\u00eakir, bi v\u00ee away\u00ee bingeha t\u00eakiliy\u00ean Kurd-Tirk dan\u00ee. Bi rast\u00ee, bi pi\u015ftgiriya Kurd\u00ean Sunn\u00ee, Tugrul Bey B\u00fbyiyan t\u00eak bir, X\u00eelafet ji hilwe\u015f\u00een\u00ea xilas kir. Pi\u015ftre w\u00ee bi em\u00eer\u00ea \u015eedad\u00eeyan Man\u00fb\u00e7ehr re hevpeymaniyek \u00e7\u00eakir, her du h\u00eaz kirin yek \u00fb \u00ear\u00ee\u015fek li dij\u00ee pad\u00ee\u015fahiya Ermen\u00ee dan destp\u00eakirin. Pi\u015ft\u00ee ku serdestiya xwe li ser hem\u00ee deveran ji An\u00ee heta Qers\u00ea ava kir, Tugrul Bey, wek\u00ee be\u015fek ji hevpeymaniya xwe ya bi Man\u00fb\u00e7ehr re, An\u00ee da Man\u00fb\u00e7ehr\u00ea dema ku kontrola her\u00eama Qers\u00ea bi xwe parast.<\/p>\n

Hevpeymaniya di navbera Tugrul Bey \u00fb Man\u00fb\u00e7ehr de pad\u00ee\u015fahiya Ermen\u00ee t\u00eak bir, poz\u00eesyona Tugrul Bey xurt kir \u00fb di sala 1055\u2019an de w\u00ee ji Xel\u00eefey\u00ea Ebas\u00ee sernav\u00ea “Sultan” wergirt. Di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de, m\u00eerekiy\u00ean Kurdan li her\u00eam\u00ea pir bi bandor b\u00fbn. M\u00eerektiya \u015eedad\u00eeyan ku navenda w\u00ea li Azerbaycana \u00eeroy\u00een e, h\u00eaza serdest a her\u00eam\u00ea b\u00fb. Merwaniyan ku navenda wan li Farq\u00een\u00ea b\u00fb, li ser xeta ji Wan\u00ea heta Urfay\u00ea de xwed\u00ee cihek\u00ee serdest b\u00fbn. Mirdasiyan, ku navenda wan li Egil\u00ea b\u00fb, her\u00eamek heta Adiyaman \u00fb Meletiy\u00ea kontrol dikirin. Hin be\u015f\u00ean erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea di bin kontrola m\u00eerektiya Hesenweyh\u00ee de b\u00fbn. Rew\u015fa van m\u00eerektiy\u00ean c\u00fbrbec\u00fbr, mezin \u00fb pi\u00e7\u00fbk, wek\u00ee heb\u00fbn\u00ean serbixwe di nav \u00cemperatoriya Sel\u00e7\u00fbkiyan de b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eakiliya Kurd-Tirk di\u015fibihe t\u00eakiliya d\u00eerok\u00ee ya Med-Faris. Ne Faris \u00fb ne j\u00ee Med nikar\u00eeb\u00fbn bij\u00een. Her \u00e7end le\u015fker\u00ean bi bandor \u00ean \u00cemperatoriya Faris bi piran\u00ee Kurd b\u00fbn j\u00ee, ew ji h\u00eala Farisan ve dihatin fermandarkirin. Bi gotin\u00ean n\u00fbjen, ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku b\u00eay\u00ee Kurdan \u00ceran tune b\u00fb. Bi rast\u00ee, ev t\u00eakiliya n\u00eev-stratej\u00eek, n\u00eev-takt\u00eek\u00ee \u00eero j\u00ee berdewam dike. Di serp\u00eahatiya Rojhilata Nav\u00een a Tirkan de, em dib\u00eenin ku fermandar Tirk b\u00fbn, l\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ean p\u00ea\u015feng Kurd b\u00fbn, m\u00eena t\u00eakiliya Med-Faris. Ev \u00e7avd\u00eariyek gir\u00eeng e ji bo t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina roja \u00eero. P\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku ev bi hem\u00ee h\u00fbrguliy\u00ean w\u00ea were f\u00eam kirin. Wek\u00ee din, kes nikare ji windakirin\u00ea bireve.<\/p>\n

Tugrul Beg, pi\u015ft\u00ee wergirtina nasnav\u00ea Sultan ji Xel\u00eefe, paytexta xwe li Hemedan\u00ea ava kir, ku di d\u00eerok\u00ea de paytexta Medyay\u00ea b\u00fb. Li v\u00ea navend\u00ea, bingeh\u00ean \u00cemperatoriya Sel\u00e7\u00fbkiy\u00ean Mezin hatin dan\u00een. R\u00fbhaniy\u00ean Sel\u00e7\u00fbk\u00ee hem\u00fb malbat\u00ean xwe an\u00een Hemedan\u00ea \u00fb ew wek\u00ee cih\u00ea r\u00fbni\u015ftin\u00ea hilbijartin. Ji ber ku Kurd \u00fb Sel\u00e7\u00fbk\u00ee Sunn\u00ee b\u00fbn, wan ji bo hevkariy\u00ea bingehek hevpar d\u00eetin. Her wiha div\u00ea were zan\u00een ku Abdulkadir Geylan\u00ee, zanyarek\u00ee Kurd, di v\u00ea serdem\u00ea de dest bi xwendina xwe ya di war\u00ea qan\u00fbn\u00ea de kir da ku bingeha teor\u00eek a pergala hiq\u00fbq\u00ee ya dewlet\u00ea ava bike. Kevne\u015fopiya zanyar\u00ean Kurd \u00ean ku dewlet\u00ea \u015f\u00eeret dikin, d\u00ea bi sedan salan bi kesayetiy\u00ean wek\u00ee Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk \u00fb \u00cedr\u00ees\u00ee Bitlisi berdewam bike. Hevpeymaniya di navbera Kurd \u00fb Tirkan de ne ten\u00ea di war\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee de b\u00fb, l\u00ea di war\u00ean din de j\u00ee b\u00fb ku \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee ya dewlet\u00ea \u015fekil da.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee sal\u00ean 1100\u00ee, m\u00eerektiy\u00ean Kurd h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee dest bi tesl\u00eemb\u00fbna sultan\u00ean Sel\u00e7\u00fbk\u00ee kirin. Ji sal\u00ean 1000an heta 1100an, statuya serbixwe ya m\u00eerektiy\u00ean Kurdan li ser bingeha t\u00eakiliya wan a wekhev \u00fb hevpeymaniya wan bi Sel\u00e7\u00fbkiyan re b\u00fb. Wek\u00ee ku di Selahed\u00een de t\u00ea d\u00eetin, carinan fermandarek\u00ee Kurd, carinan fermandarek\u00ee Tirk p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ee dikir. Di bin wan mercan de, hevpeymaniya Kurd-Tirk ji bo parastina heb\u00fbna her du gelan ne\u00e7ar b\u00fb. Pi\u015ft\u00ee sal\u00ean 1100an, ev hevseng\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee guher\u00ee \u00fb fermandar\u00ee derbas\u00ee Tirkan b\u00fb. Qada \u00eedeoloj\u00eek bi piran\u00ee di dest\u00ea oldar\u00ean Kurd de ma. L\u00eabel\u00ea, Kurdan bandora xwe di war\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee de parast.<\/p>\n

Kevne\u015fopiya malbata Sel\u00e7\u00fbkiyan li Rojhilata Nav\u00een bi sultan \u00fb m\u00eeran wek\u00ee hukumdar\u00ean dewlet\u00ea berdewam kir. Sel\u00e7\u00fbkiy\u00ean ku ji bil\u00ee desthilatdariya dewlet\u00ea \u00fb m\u00eerektiy\u00ea tu meqam\u00ean din qeb\u00fbl nedikirin, niha h\u00eaza serdest a n\u00fb li Rojhilata Nav\u00een b\u00fbn. Y\u00ean ku di nav xanedan\u00ee an m\u00eerektiy\u00ea de nehatin qeb\u00fblkirin b\u00fbn Tirkmen. Tirkmen di bingeh de mirov\u00ean ku ji xanedan\u00ea hatib\u00fbn derxistin b\u00fbn. Dema ku li dij\u00ee zilm\u00ea ser\u00ee hildidan, Tirkmen ber bi \u00e7ol\u00ean Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriyey\u00ea ve hatin ajotin; Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, e\u015f\u00eer hene ku li l\u00fbtkey\u00ean Anatoliy\u00ea, Deryaya Re\u015f \u00fb \u00c7iyay\u00ean Toros\u00ea penageh girtine. Yoruk, \u00c7epn\u00ee \u00fb Tahtaciy\u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een di nav wan de ne. Ji van re “Etrak-\u0131 bi-idrak” t\u00ea gotin, ku t\u00ea wateya “Tirk\u00ean b\u00ea aqil”. L\u00eabel\u00ea, \u00e7\u00eena serdest xwe di nav van de nab\u00eene. Hem serdest\u00ean Osman\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee y\u00ean Sel\u00e7\u00fbk\u00ee misilman b\u00fbne \u00fb ji kevne\u015fopiy\u00ean xwe d\u00fbr ketine. Ew kl\u00eekeke serdest b\u00fbn. Gir\u00eadan\u00ean xw\u00een\u00ea ji bo wan bi tevah\u00ee ne gir\u00eeng b\u00fbn. Ew komek b\u00fbn ku bi tevah\u00ee li ser dewlet \u00fb desthilatdariy\u00ea disekin\u00een. Bingeha wan a \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb \u00eedeoloj\u00eek a sereke ji h\u00eala Kurdan ve hatib\u00fb avakirin. Kurd, ji dema Farisan ve, bi le\u015fker\u00ean ba\u015f \u00fb jiyana li \u00e7iyayan ve hatine h\u00een kirin. Ew di xizmet\u00ean al\u00eekar de j\u00ee serket\u00ee ne. Dema ku xanedan\u00ean Osman\u00ee Misilman\u00ean Sunn\u00ee b\u00fbn, Tirkmen bi piran\u00ee bi mezheb, ferman \u00fb baweriy\u00ean dijber ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fbn. Ji bo serdest\u00ean Osman\u00ee, gir\u00eadan\u00ean xw\u00een\u00ea ti wateyek tuneb\u00fb. Ew h\u00eazek ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek tems\u00eel dikirin ku bi tevah\u00ee li ser desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb dewlet\u00ea disekin\u00ee. T\u00eakiliya Kurd-Tirk ne m\u00eena t\u00eakiliya Tirk-Yewnan e. Ev diyalekt\u00eeka t\u00eakiliy\u00ea, ku hezar salan hevdu domandiye, ji h\u00eala d\u00eeroknas\u00ean Kurd ve wek\u00ee “Tirk bi karan\u00eena Kurdan” hatiye \u015f\u00eerovekirin. Di rastiy\u00ea de, Kurdan j\u00ee ji v\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ea nirx bi dest xistin. Kurdan bi hev re bi Tirkan re ti\u015ft\u00ean ku ew nikar\u00eeb\u00fbn bi tena ser\u00ea xwe bi dest bixin bi dest xistin. Nim\u00fbneya her\u00ee berbi\u00e7av a v\u00ea yek\u00ea \u015eer\u00ea Manzikert\u00ea ye. Kurd\u00ean Sunn\u00ee y\u00ean li Hemedan\u00ea, dema ku d\u00eetin ku eger ew bi Sel\u00e7\u00fbkiyan re t\u00eakil\u00ee nedanin, m\u00eerni\u015f\u00eeniya wan d\u00ea winda bibe, f\u00eam kirin ku div\u00ea ew t\u00eakiliyek p\u00ea\u015fve bibin ku ji her du aliyan re s\u00fbdmend be.<\/p>\n

Heb\u00fbna li \u00c7iyay\u00ean Zagros\u00ea ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya tifaq\u00ea mimkun e. Pi\u015ft\u00ee ku v\u00ea yek\u00ea bi \u00e7av\u00ean xwe d\u00eetin, Kurd \u00fb Tirk, her \u00e7end carinan pev\u00e7\u00fbn dikirin j\u00ee, bi gelemper\u00ee tifaq terc\u00eeh kirin. Di sal\u00ean 1070-an de, \u00eemparator\u00ea B\u00eezans\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ft heta Gurpinar\u00ea \u00eeroy\u00een. Ew heta di rew\u015fek de b\u00fb ku Hekar\u00ee bigire. M\u00eerektiya Merwaniyan j\u00ee di bin gef\u00ea de b\u00fb. Li bakurtir, Ermeniyan, bi hevkariya B\u00eezans\u00ea, gefa xistina \u015eedadiyan di bin kontrola xwe de \u00e7\u00eakirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, Sultan Alp Arslan hewcedariya \u00e7\u00eakirina tifaqek bi em\u00eer\u00ean Kurd re h\u00ees kir. Eger m\u00eer\u00ean Kurd bi Tirkan re tifaqek \u00e7\u00eanekiriba, m\u00eerekiy\u00ean Gurcistan\u00ea di dawiy\u00ea de dikar\u00een bi Pad\u00ee\u015fahiya Ermeniyan re tifaqek \u00e7\u00eakin.<\/p>\n

Di dawiy\u00ea de, dema ku van xetereyan d\u00eetin, Kurd \u00fb Tirkan tifaqek \u00e7\u00ea kirin \u00fb li Manzikert\u00ea \u015fikestinek giran li B\u00eezans\u00ea dan. Manzikert, digel Qers, M\u00fb\u015f \u00fb Silvan\u00ea, hem\u00ee ji bin kontrola B\u00eezans\u00ea rizgar b\u00fbn. Ji ber ku ev tifaq hem ji bo Kurdan \u00fb hem j\u00ee ji bo Tirkan s\u00fbdmend b\u00fb, w\u00ea bingeha t\u00eakiliyek dan\u00ee ku, di hezar sal\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f de, d\u00ea yek ji bilind \u00fb nizm b\u00fbya l\u00ea di dawiy\u00ea de ji bo hev\u00fbdu pi\u015ftgir\u00ee dikir. Ger ew m\u00eena t\u00eakiliya Tirk-Yewnan an Tirk-Yewnan b\u00fbya, ku wan bi hev re \u015fer dikir, Tirkan d\u00ea Anatoliya winda bikira \u00fb Kurdan d\u00ea Mezopotamya winda bikira. Ne Tirk \u00fb ne j\u00ee Kurd d\u00ea nemana. Ev di sal\u00ean 1000-an de rast b\u00fb, di sal\u00ean 1500-an de rast b\u00fb, \u00fb di sala 2025-an de j\u00ee h\u00een rast e.<\/p>\n

Her \u00e7iqas t\u00eageha biratiy\u00ea bingehek wisa objekt\u00eef hebe j\u00ee, aliy\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea subjekt\u00eef netemam dim\u00eene. Em dikarin w\u00ea bi karan\u00eena t\u00eageha m\u00eerat\u00ea j\u00ee rave bikin. P\u00ea\u015fiy\u00ean me d\u00eerokek ji me re hi\u015ftin \u00fb bi xwe j\u00ee b\u00fbn be\u015fek ji d\u00eerok\u00ea. M\u00eerektiy\u00ean Kurdan ji \u00c7iyay\u00ean Zagros\u00ea heta Qefqasyay\u00ea hukum kirin. Bingeh\u00ean wan \u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee j\u00ee pir xurt b\u00fbn. Kurd bi cih b\u00fbn \u00fb hem\u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean wan wekhev b\u00fbn. Dema ku Sel\u00e7\u00fbk\u00ee, ku civak\u00ean \u015fervan b\u00fbn, gih\u00ee\u015ftin her\u00eama Kurdan, gelek m\u00eer\u00ean Sel\u00e7\u00fbk\u00ee dest bi karan\u00eena Faris\u00ee kirin, zimanek hevpar ji bo Kurd\u00ee. H\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee, e\u015f\u00eeran j\u00ee Faris\u00ee \u00fb Kurd\u00ee terc\u00eeh kirin. Faris\u00ee, ne Tirk\u00ee, di qesr\u00ean Sel\u00e7\u00fbkiyan de dihat bikar an\u00een. Y\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee Mevlana Kurd b\u00fbn. Di encama v\u00ea t\u00eakiliya tevlihev de, B\u00eezans t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fb \u00fb Malazgirt, Silvan, Urfa \u00fb dever\u00ean din ji B\u00eezans\u00ea hatin girtin. Di destp\u00eak\u00ea de, t\u00eakiliyek n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee wekheviy\u00ea heb\u00fb. Kurd \u00fb Tirk, ku t\u00eakiliyek wusa n\u00eaz\u00eek dan\u00een, kar\u00een v\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ea bi sedsalan bidom\u00eenin. Di \u015eer\u00ea \u00c7aldiran\u00ea de, Siltan Sel\u00eem\u00ea Yekem ji serok\u00ean Kurd re got, “Di nav xwe de bibin yek \u00fb par\u00eazgarek hilbij\u00earin; ez \u00ea bi w\u00ee re mij\u00fbl bibim.” Mustafa Kemal j\u00ee Kurdan ne\u00e7ar nekir ku bibin le\u015fker\u00ean w\u00ee. W\u00ee \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean hey\u00ee rave kir da ku wan raz\u00ee bike. Kurdan ne\u00e7\u00fbn pey el\u00eeta hevkar; li \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea, wan bi Mustafa Kemal re tifaqek \u00e7\u00eakir. T\u00eakil\u00ee li ser be\u015fdariya dilxwaz b\u00fb. Ev tifaq, ku li ser v\u00ea meyl\u00ea hatib\u00fb avakirin, \u015fer\u00ea rizgariya netewey\u00ee bi ser xist. \u015eer\u00ea rizgariya netewey\u00ee bi rast\u00ee j\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea biratiy\u00ea b\u00fb. Bi rast\u00ee, Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye, dest\u00fbra w\u00ea, ji bo Kurdan xalan dihew\u00eene. Mustafa Kemal j\u00ee li ser v\u00ea mijar\u00ea daxuyan\u00ee da. Ev di axaftina w\u00ee ya di civ\u00eena \u00e7apemeniy\u00ea ya \u00cezm\u00eet\u00ea de di 16-17\u00ea \u00c7ileya 1923an de hene. W\u00ee diyar kir ku div\u00ea otonom\u00ee ji Kurdan re b\u00ea day\u00een. Pa\u015f\u00ea, dema ku xeter d\u00eet, helwesta xwe guhert. Ji w\u00ea roj\u00ea heta niha \u00e7i dim\u00eene? Kemal\u00eest poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest, burjuva ne. Ew her ti\u015ft\u00ea ku gef\u00ea li desthilatdariya wan dixwe ji hol\u00ea radikin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, xeta Talat Pa\u015fa xeta qirkirin\u00ea ye. Ew dib\u00eaje, “Min Ermen\u00ee tune kirin.” Ew dib\u00eaje, “Me Zozo tune kirin, niha dora Loloyan e.” Ew van ti\u015ftan di sala 1915an de dib\u00eaje. Ger w\u00ee \u015fer winda nekiriba, w\u00ea dem\u00ea w\u00ea qirkirina rast\u00een bikira. W\u00ea Kurdan bifetisanda. Mustafa Kemal, ji ber ku hinek\u00ee real\u00eest e, ewqas rad\u00eekal tevnagere. Ji ber ku ew f\u00eam dike ku Kurd ji bo w\u00ee pir gir\u00eeng in. Ew siyaseta Talat Pa\u015fa na\u015fop\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Dema ku li d\u00eeroka hezar sal\u00ee ya di navbera Tirk \u00fb Kurdan de t\u00ea nih\u00eartin, t\u00ea d\u00eetin ku herik\u00eena \u00e7and\u00ee pir z\u00eade ye. Germiyan\u00ee li Anatoliy\u00ea m\u00eerni\u015f\u00eenek Kurd b\u00fbn. Artuk\u00ee li Kurdistan\u00ea m\u00eerni\u015f\u00eenek Tirk b\u00fbn, l\u00ea mijar\u00ean wan Kurd b\u00fbn. Ew bi xwe b\u00fbn Kurd. Ne ten\u00ea Kurd \u00fb Tirk, l\u00ea nasname, \u00e7and \u00fb bawer\u00ee bi piran\u00ee di nav ax\u00ean Mezopotamya \u00fb Anatoliy\u00ea de bi hev re dij\u00een. Ne ten\u00ea Tirk, ne ten\u00ea Kurd; ne ten\u00ea Ereb an Faris heye. D\u00eerok \u00fb \u00e7andek bi hev ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee heye. Ermen\u00ee etn\u00ees\u00eeteyek in. Buyid xanedanek b\u00fbn. Tirkmen neteweyek in, ji e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurd cuda ne. Cih\u00fb neteweyek in, a\u00eed\u00ee olek c\u00fbda ne. Suryan\u00ee neteweyek cuda ne, a\u00eed\u00ee olek c\u00fbda ne. Ew j\u00ee civatek Kurd in. Di Kurdistaneke demokrat\u00eek de, ev hem\u00fb d\u00ea hewce bike ku wek\u00ee civak\u00ean demokrat\u00eek werin avakirin. P\u00eakhatina girseya Tirkmen, ku ji e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeleyan p\u00eak t\u00ea, dabe\u015fb\u00fbneke \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ya d\u00eerok\u00ee di nav Tirkan de tems\u00eel dike. Bi heman away\u00ee, di nav Kurdan de, y\u00ean ku li dervey\u00ee e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeleyan man civaka Kurmanc\u00ee p\u00eak an\u00een. Ev veqetandina sosyoloj\u00eek di dawiya Serdema Nav\u00een de derdikeve hol\u00ea. Bi gotineke din, Tirkkirin \u00fb p\u00eakhatina Kurmanc\u00ee p\u00eavajoyek avakirina gel tems\u00eel dike. Tirkmen \u00fb Kurmanc wek\u00ee nasnamey\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean n\u00fb li hember m\u00eerektiy\u00ean Tirk derketin hol\u00ea, \u00fb Kurmanc j\u00ee li hember m\u00eerektiy\u00ean Kurd. P\u00eadiv\u00ee bi nirxandin \u00fb \u015f\u00eerovekirina v\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya sosyolojiya d\u00eerok\u00ee de heye. Derbir\u00eena v\u00ea sosyolojiy\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya me de \u00e7avd\u00eariya \u00d6nder Abdullah \u00d6calan e: “D\u00eerok di dema niha de ve\u015fart\u00ee ye, \u00fb em di destp\u00eaka d\u00eerok\u00ea de ve\u015fart\u00ee ne.” Ber\u00ee as\u00eem\u00eelekirina Kurmanc\u00ee, kom\u00ean serdest \u00ean Kurd di nav avahiyek ar\u00eestokrat\u00eek de b\u00fbn, di heman dem\u00ea de be\u015fek mezin ji nif\u00fbs\u00ea di bin \u00e7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee de dijiyan. As\u00eem\u00eelekirina Kurmanc\u00ee, m\u00eena Tirkkirin\u00ea, wek\u00ee berhemeke sosyoloj\u00eek a serdema \u00ceslam\u00ee derket hol\u00ea. Taybetmendiya sereke ya Kurmanc\u00ee ev e ku ew ji kes\u00ean ku t\u00eakiliy\u00ean wan \u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ee k\u00eam b\u00fbne \u00fb ketine p\u00eavajoya bajarvaniy\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00ea. Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, m\u00eerektiyan bi as\u00eem\u00eelekirina her nasnameyek\u00ea ku li her\u00eama ku ew l\u00ea hukum dikirin, heb\u00fbna xwe parastin. Wan nasnamey\u00ean Faris\u00ee li \u00ceran\u00ea, nasnamey\u00ean Ereb\u00ee li N\u00eevgirava Ereb\u00ee \u00fb nasnamey\u00ean Tirk\u00ee li Anatoliy\u00ea pejirandin. N\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek wisa di war\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee de j\u00ee t\u00ea d\u00eetin. Harpagos fermandarek\u00ee Kurd b\u00fb ku \u00cemperatoriya Faris\u00ee heta perav\u00ean Egey\u00ea berfireh kir. Bayez\u00eed Pa\u015fa li \u00cemperatoriya Osman\u00ee \u00fb Eb\u00fb Mislim li X\u00eelafeta Ebasiyan Kurd b\u00fbn. Y\u00ean ku as\u00eem\u00eele b\u00fbn, nasnamey\u00ean din ji nasnameya xwe ya netewey\u00ee terc\u00eeh kirin. Hewldana as\u00eem\u00eelekirin\u00ea \u00eero j\u00ee wek\u00ee terc\u00eehek m\u00eerektiyan berdewam dike. Kurmanc\u00ee, her \u00e7end cara yekem wek\u00ee heb\u00fbnek civak\u00ee-\u00e7and\u00ee li dervey\u00ee e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeleyan p\u00ea\u015f dikeve j\u00ee, hem v\u00ea \u00e7erxa veguher\u00een\u00ea di\u015fk\u00eene \u00fb hem j\u00ee bingeha neteweb\u00fbn \u00fb avakirina gel p\u00eak t\u00eene. Neteweb\u00fbn kategoriya an qonaxa beriya neteweb\u00fbn\u00ea ye. B\u00fby\u00eena neteweyek rew\u015fek e ku bi r\u00eaveberiya siyas\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

P\u00eanas\u00eena Kurdan wek\u00ee neteweyek d\u00ea mubalexe be. L\u00eabel\u00ea, Kurmanc\u00eeb\u00fbn rastiyek e. Tev\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fkeftin \u00fb mezinb\u00fbna xwe ya berdewam, Kurmanc\u00eeb\u00fbn nekariye pergala xwe ya siyas\u00ee ava bike \u00fb ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea nekariye heb\u00fbna xwe ya siyas\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan bide. Bi gotineke din, diyardeya b\u00fby\u00eena gel, ku ji \u00e7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ee ya Kurd\u00ee derdikeve, Kurmanc\u00ee t\u00ea gotin. Ew t\u00ea wateya ‘gel\u00ea Kurd’. Bi Tirk\u00ee, Tirkmen\u00ee; bi Ereb\u00ee, Bedew\u00ee; \u00fb bi \u00ceran\u00ee, Acem hem\u00ee heman watey\u00ea hildigirin. Her \u00e7end Kurmanc\u00ee bi tevah\u00ee t\u00eakiliy\u00ean xwe bi e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeleyan re qut nekiriye j\u00ee, ew kategoriyek e ku bi bajarvaniy\u00ea re ku ber bi roja \u00eero ve leztir b\u00fbye, her ku di\u00e7e p\u00ea\u015f dikeve. Xurtb\u00fbna malbat\u00ean ku ji ber sedem\u00ean c\u00fbrbec\u00fbr ji hem\u00ee e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeleyan veqetiyane \u00fb li gund \u00fb bajar\u00ean mezin serbixwe b\u00fbne, h\u00eaza bingeh\u00een a gel\u00eakirina Kurdan p\u00eak t\u00eene. Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee, dema ku Kurd wek\u00ee gel p\u00ea\u015f ketin \u00fb ber bi avakirina neteweyek demokrat\u00eek a n\u00fb ve \u00e7\u00fbn, veguher\u00eena \u00e7\u00eena jor\u00een a e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ji nasnameyek netewey\u00ee ya qels ber bi dewletek netewey\u00ee ve bi heman dijwar\u00ee \u00fb lez\u00ea p\u00eak nehat. Neb\u00fbna v\u00ea \u00e7\u00een\u00ea di b\u00fbna dewlet-netewe de b\u00fb sedema ku avakirina neteweya demokrat\u00eek bibe derfeta Kurdan. Di navbera avakirina neteweya demokrat\u00eek \u00fb avakirina neteweya bi r\u00eaberiya dewlet\u00ea de c\u00fbdahiy\u00ean bingeh\u00een hene. D\u00eeroka neteweperweriy\u00ea avakirina du sedsal\u00ean daw\u00ee ye, l\u00ea biratiya di navbera Tirk \u00fb Kurdan de ji hezar salan z\u00eadetir dom dike. Bi rast\u00ee, Xiristiyaniy\u00ea di p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna neteweperweriya Rojavay\u00ee de roleke mezin l\u00eest. L\u00eabel\u00ea, di rew\u015fa Kurdan de, \u00ceslam \u00fb ol dibin astengiyek li p\u00ea\u015fiya avakirina netewey\u00ea. \u015eah \u00cesma\u00eel m\u00eenakek e\u015fkere ya v\u00ea yek\u00ea ye. Tev\u00ee ku Kurd b\u00fb j\u00ee, ew hem Faris\u00eeze b\u00fb \u00fb hem j\u00ee Tirkmen\u00eeze b\u00fb. Bingeha neteweperweriya Faris\u00ee j\u00ee bi \u015eah \u00cesma\u00eel ve t\u00ea gir\u00eadan. Di \u015eah \u00cesma\u00eel de, nirx\u00ean Kurd\u00ee winda b\u00fbn. Kurd\u00ean ku di nav ulemay\u00ean Osman\u00ee de ji xwe re cihek d\u00eetin j\u00ee xwe ji nasnameya xwe ya Kurd\u00ee d\u00fbr xistin. Hesreta ku ji h\u00eala Ahmed\u00ea Xan\u00ea ve di sal\u00ean 1700-an de hat\u00ee diyar kirin, “Eger me pad\u00ee\u015fahiyek heb\u00fbya, eger me bikariba yek\u00eetiya netewey\u00ee bi dest bixista, em \u00ea ne koley\u00ean Farisan, B\u00eezansan an Ereban bin,” ji v\u00ea yek\u00ea t\u00ea.<\/p>\n

6- Rastiya Kurd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji bo l\u00eakol\u00eeneke rast\u00een a Kurdistan \u00fb d\u00eeroka Kurd, p\u00eaw\u00eest e ku em di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya sosyolojiya d\u00eerok\u00ee de n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee d\u00eerok\u00ea bibin. Pirsgir\u00eaka heb\u00fbn\u00ea div\u00ea di war\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00eeneke rast a ji bo azadiy\u00ea de were pirsgir\u00eakkirin. Ji ber ku pa\u015fguhkirin, \u00eenkarkirin, pa\u015fguhkirin, an j\u00ee mutleqkirina pirsgir\u00eakek\u00ea, wek\u00ee ku fa\u015f\u00eezm dike, \u00e7areseriyek\u00ea \u00e7\u00eanake. Pirsa taybetmendiy\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean ku Kurdan dikin civatek cuda, hem ji bo t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina niha \u00fb avakirina p\u00ea\u015feroja civaka Kurd \u00fb hem j\u00ee ji bo l\u00eakol\u00eena w\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee ku bersiva hem\u00ee pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee bide, gir\u00eeng e. \u015e\u00eeyana Kurdan ku xwe wek\u00ee civakek bi tund\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanase bikin, b\u00fbyer \u00fb diyardeyan bi r\u00eaya \u00e7anda xwe ya b\u00eahempa ku cudatiya wan a civak\u00ee diafir\u00eene n\u00eaz\u00eek bibin \u00fb bib\u00eenin, bi rastb\u00fbn \u00fb k\u00fbrahiya bersiv\u00ean ku ji van pirsan re hatine day\u00een ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Ji bo t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina rastiya Kurd, em dikarin di d\u00eeroka Kurd de dabe\u015fkirina j\u00ear\u00een bikin: P\u00ea\u015f\u00een, serdemeke dir\u00eaj a “D\u00eeroka Proto-Kurd” di navbera 30,000 BZ \u00fb 580 BZ de p\u00eak hatiye. Welat\u00ea d\u00eeroka proto-kurd, ku bi civaka dayiksalar\u00ee di sala 30,000 ber\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea de dest p\u00ea kir, hewza Toros-Zagros\u00ea ye. Ev avahiya civak\u00ee-\u00e7and\u00ee, ku ji e\u015f\u00eerek\u00ea ber bi e\u015f\u00eerek\u00ea \u00fb ji e\u015f\u00eerek\u00ea ber bi e\u015f\u00eerek\u00ea dir\u00eaj dibe, di sal\u00ean 670\u00ee ber\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea de bi Konfederasyona Medyay\u00ea ya navenda w\u00ea li Hemedan\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftiye l\u00fbtkeya xwe. Di sal\u00ean 580\u00ee ber\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea de, Konfederasyona Medyay\u00ea di encama xiyaneta navxwey\u00ee ya Harpagos, fermandarek\u00ee art\u00ea\u015fa Medyay\u00ea, veguher\u00ee \u00cemperatoriya Pers\u00ee. Ev darbe dawiya d\u00eeroka proto-kurd \u00fb destp\u00eaka “D\u00eeroka Ve\u015fart\u00ee ya Kurd” n\u00ee\u015fan da. Ev serdem, ku di sal\u00ean 580\u00ee ber\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea de dest p\u00ea dike \u00fb heta sal\u00ean 1800\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea berdewam dike, d\u00eerokeke Kurdan e ku bi perdey\u00ean Ereb, Faris\u00ee \u00fb Tirk\u00ee hatiye p\u00ea\u00e7an. Di v\u00ea vegotin\u00ea de, Kurd m\u00eena siyek\u00ea xuya dikin, heb\u00fbneke xeyal\u00ee ku bi tebeqey\u00ean st\u00fbr \u00ean quma\u015f\u00ea hatiye p\u00ea\u00e7andin. Her \u00e7end her p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn wek\u00ee d\u00eeroka Tirk, Faris\u00ee an Ereb\u00ee t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kirin j\u00ee, heb\u00fbna Kurdan bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eestemat\u00eek hatiye j\u00eabirin. L\u00ea d\u00eesa j\u00ee, Kurdan ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee gel, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de wek\u00ee sultan, fermandar, zanyar \u00fb wez\u00eer\u00ean din j\u00ee di v\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea de rolek l\u00eestine, l\u00ea wan di d\u00eeroka niv\u00eesk\u00ee de cihek\u00ee duyem\u00een j\u00ee negirtiye. Div\u00ea erk \u00fb berpirsiyariya her\u00ee mezin a d\u00eerokn\u00fbsiya Kurd\u00ee ew be ku v\u00ea perdey\u00ea rake. Em dikarin dused sal\u00ean daw\u00ee wek\u00ee veguheztinek ji d\u00eerokeke Kurd a ve\u015fart\u00ee ber bi “D\u00eeroka \u00cenkarkirin\u00ea” ve binav bikin. Di v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de, em niha bi d\u00eerokeke “tuneb\u00fbna Kurdan” re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb ne. Em dikarin v\u00ea yek\u00ea wek\u00ee “d\u00eeroka tuneb\u00fbn\u00ea”, “d\u00eeroka as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea” an “d\u00eeroka qirkirin\u00ea” j\u00ee bi nav bikin. P\u00eavajoyek wisa bi modern\u00eetey\u00ea dest p\u00ea dike. Li gor\u00ee sosyolojiya d\u00eerok\u00ee, d\u00eeroka Kurd dikare bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee were p\u00eanasekirin. B\u00ea guman, d\u00eeroka Proto-Kurd pir pirsgir\u00eakdar e. Di serdema nav\u00een de, ku em j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin “D\u00eeroka Vala”, pirsgir\u00eak h\u00een k\u00fbrtir dibe, \u00fb rastiya Kurd nexwe\u015f \u00fb bir\u00eendar dibe. Di dused sal\u00ean daw\u00ee y\u00ean modern\u00eetey\u00ea de, nexwe\u015f niha dimire. Ev ew e ku em j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin rastiya Kurd. Heb\u00fbn \u00fb jiyana Kurd bi esl\u00ea xwe kom\u00eenal in. Ger d\u00eerok bi v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea were vegotin, d\u00ea gelek ti\u015ft hebin ku werin gotin. L\u00ea eger em vegotina komunal ji hol\u00ea rakin, me \u00ea ti\u015ftek negotibin. Ger em behsa “s\u0131n\u0131f\u00ea” bikin, ew \u00ea ti\u015ftek\u00ee ji me re neb\u00eaje. “Heke em b\u00eajin ‘komun, e\u015f\u00eer, konfederasyona e\u015f\u00eeran’, em \u00ea di d\u00eeroka Kurdistan\u00ea de gelek ti\u015ftan bib\u00eenin \u00fb bib\u00eenin. Ev r\u00eabaza rast e, \u00fb em j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin sosyolojiya d\u00eerok\u00ee. Dema ku ev r\u00eabaz t\u00ea sepandin, d\u00eerokeke Kurd a bi tevah\u00ee cuda derdikeve hol\u00ea. Ev d\u00eeroka rast e. \u00c7iqas civakek ji h\u00eala d\u00eerok \u00fb erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea ve dir\u00eajtir \u00fb k\u00fbrtir bandor bibe, ew qas karakter\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ee xurttir \u00fb may\u00eendetir dibe. Ev bandor\u00ean bih\u00eaz \u00fb may\u00eende d\u00eeroka pa\u015f\u00ea ya civak\u00ea j\u00ee muhafezekar dikin. Ger taybetmendiy\u00ean rast\u00een \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean Kurdan h\u00een j\u00ee werin d\u00eetin, p\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku were d\u00eetin ku bandor\u00ean bih\u00eaz \u00fb may\u00eende her gav di koka v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea de ne. Li vir em \u015fahid\u00ea jidayikb\u00fbna civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ne. Li gor\u00ee civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee, civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fkeftinek \u015fore\u015fger a mezin e. Di civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee de, c\u00fbdahiya ziman-\u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean ko\u00e7er-ni\u015ftec\u00eeh dest p\u00ea kirin. Dema ku h\u00eaza h\u00een j\u00ee bi bandor a ol \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea t\u00ea nirxandin, e\u015fkere ye ku d\u00eerok \u00fb erdn\u00eegariya li pi\u015ft wan di rew\u015fek diyarker de ne. G\u00f6bekl\u00eetepe, di dema xwe de, navenda ol\u00ee ya hevpar a e\u015f\u00eeran b\u00fb ku bi hezaran salan jiyana ko\u00e7er \u00fb ni\u015ftec\u00eeh bi hev ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee jiyane.” Ew rast\u00eeya ku hest\u00ean ol\u00ee, bi taybet\u00ee li Urfay\u00ea \u00fb bi gelemper\u00ee di nav Kurdan de, xurt dim\u00eenin, b\u00ea guman ji ber v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea ye. Heb\u00fbna \u00e7andeke bih\u00eaz heye ku bi hezaran sal ber\u00ee dewlet-bajar\u00ea Sumer\u00ee p\u00eak hatiye \u00fb bi hezaran salan dom kiriye. Obel\u00eesk m\u00eenak\u00ean t\u00eep\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een \u00fb niv\u00eesandina p\u00ea\u015f-h\u00eerogl\u00eef\u00eek dihew\u00eenin. Kolandina wan keviran diwanzdeh hezar sal ber\u00ea \u00fb veguherandina ziman\u00ea sembol\u00eek bo pergaleke niv\u00eesandin\u00ea ya m\u00eena h\u00eerogl\u00eef\u00ea ji h\u00eala nirxa d\u00eerok\u00ee ve gaveke gir\u00eeng e. Dewlet-bajar\u00ea Sumer\u00ee \u00fb Misr\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee xweber derneketine hol\u00ea. Wek\u00ee ku ev m\u00eenak \u00eespat dikin, ew ji \u00e7anda Mezopotamyaya Jor\u00een derketine hol\u00ea. Ew li ser pa\u015fxaneyek wisa d\u00eerok\u00ee ne. Sefera \u00cebrah\u00eem a ber bi Misr\u00ea ve del\u00eelek din a pir gir\u00eeng e ku di derbar\u00ea ka diyalekt\u00eeka d\u00eerok\u00ee li Heyva Bereket \u00e7awa p\u00ea\u015fketiye de. \u00c7anda ku \u015faristaniy\u00ean Misir \u00fb Sumer\u00ee derxistiye hol\u00ea ev \u00e7and ji pergala \u00e7iyay\u00ee ya Toros-Zagros e. Ya her\u00ee gir\u00eeng, heb\u00fbna qonaxeke \u00e7and\u00ee ya pir gir\u00eeng heye ku bandor\u00ean w\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee di d\u00eeroka civak\u00ee de t\u00eane h\u00eeskirin. Ev navenda \u00e7and\u00ee… Eger \u015fop\u00ean v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee bi tund\u00ee hebin, \u00fb eger ev gel wek\u00ee gel\u00ea her\u00ee kevin \u00ea v\u00ea erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea heb\u00fbna xwe bidom\u00eene, w\u00ea dem\u00ea p\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku avakirina rastiya Kurd li ser v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea were avakirin. N\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee \u00e7ardeh hezar sal ber\u00ea, civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee li her\u00eama Toros-Zagros\u00ea dest p\u00ea kir. Wisa dixuye ku ew heb\u00fbna xwe bi def \u00fb bil\u00fbr\u00ean xwe y\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een, bi l\u00fbley\u00ean xwe y\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een \u00fb bi afirandin\u00ean xwe y\u00ean huner\u00ee \u00fb muz\u00eek\u00ee y\u00ean gerd\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een \u00eelan dike.<\/p>\n

Rastiya Kurd hem berhema v\u00ea qonaxa d\u00eerok\u00ee ya mezin e \u00fb hem j\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan\u00ean xurt \u00ean kokgirtina di v\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ea de n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Israra w\u00ea ya li ser may\u00eena wek\u00ee gel\u00ea e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee ten\u00ea bi helwesta w\u00ea ya parastin\u00ea li dij\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean \u015faristaniy\u00ea nay\u00ea ravekirin. \u00c7and bi xwe, heke kok\u00ean w\u00ea pir k\u00fbr nebin, an \u015faristan\u00ee dibe an j\u00ee di nav \u015faristaniy\u00ean ku ew p\u00ea\u015f dixe de dihele. Me d\u00eetiye ku bi hezaran civak\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee dihelin. Kurd, di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, gelek\u00ee b\u00eahempa ne. Hem\u00ee daney\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku ne ten\u00ea \u015fore\u015fa Homo Sapiens a s\u00ea sed hezar sal\u00ee, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de \u015fore\u015fa \u00e7andiniy\u00ea ya bi qas\u00ee \u00e7ardeh hezar sal\u00ee j\u00ee, bandor\u00ean may\u00eende li ser \u00e7anda Kurd a bic\u00eehb\u00fby\u00ee kiriye. Nex\u015fey\u00ean genet\u00eek\u00ee \u00eespat dikin ku hem curey\u00ea Homo Sapiens \u00fb hem j\u00ee \u015fore\u015fa \u00e7andiniy\u00ea ji v\u00ea navenda \u00e7and\u00ee ber bi derdora w\u00ea \u00fb c\u00eehan\u00ea ve belav b\u00fbne.<\/p>\n

Rastiya ku Kurd \u00eero j\u00ee karakter\u00ea xwe y\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ee dipar\u00eazin ji h\u00eaza \u00e7anda d\u00eerok\u00ee ya ku ew li ser bingeha w\u00ea ne t\u00ea. Terc\u00eeha wan a jiyana \u00e7and\u00ee li ser jiyana \u015faristan\u00ee nikare bi reaksiyonpar\u00eaziya h\u00easan an pr\u00eem\u00eet\u00eev\u00eezm\u00ea were ravekirin. \u00c7anda ku ew t\u00ea de dij\u00een ne \u00e7anda bajar, \u00e7\u00een an dewlet e. Ew \u00e7andek e ku r\u00ea nade otor\u00eeter\u00eezm an dabe\u015fb\u00fbna \u00e7\u00een\u00ee di nav xwe de, \u00fb li ser demokrasiya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee israr dike. Rastiya ku Kurd bi h\u00easan\u00ee nay\u00ean bindestkirin bi v\u00ea demokrasiya \u00e7and\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Gir\u00eeng e ku bi baldar\u00ee were zan\u00een ku hem\u00ee raman\u00ean \u00eest\u00eesna\u00ee \u00fb marj\u00eenal \u00ean li ser Kurdan li ser p\u00ea\u015fdaraziy\u00ean subjekt\u00eef in. \u00c7iqas ew ji d\u00eerok \u00fb civaka gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ya \u00eeroy\u00een werin d\u00fbrxistin j\u00ee, Kurd n\u00fbner\u00ean civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ne, ku di hem\u00ee qonax\u00ean d\u00eerok \u00fb civaka gerd\u00fbn\u00ee de, ji serketina civaka e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee bigire heya p\u00ea\u015fkeftina civaka \u015faristan\u00ee ya bajar\u00ee, \u00e7\u00een\u00ee-bingeh\u00een, dewlet-bingeh\u00een, rolek serdest l\u00eestine. Ew di avakirin \u00fb parastina r\u00eaxistin \u00fb \u015f\u00eawaza jiyan\u00ea ya civak\u00ee ya bi \u015f\u00eawaza e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee de h\u00eamana serdest in. Ew mijara damezr\u00eener a \u00e7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ne.<\/p>\n

Rastiya Kurdistan\u00ea di bingeh de erdn\u00eegariyek \u00e7iyay\u00ee, her\u00eamek parastin\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7andek e. Ev tij\u00ee pirsgir\u00eakan e. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, d\u00eerokek b\u00eahempa ya Kurdan tune ye. Pad\u00ee\u015fah\u00ean wan \u00ean xwed\u00ea k\u00eam in. Ji ber ku wan her gav li dij\u00ee pad\u00ee\u015fah\u00ean xwed\u00ea \u015fer kirine. Wan kom\u00fbn an\u00eene dinyay\u00ea, e\u015f\u00eer an\u00eene dinyay\u00ea, \u00fb her gav di rew\u015fek \u015fer de jiyane. Di Serdema Nav\u00een de, ew bi sultan \u00fb \u015fah\u00ean ku wek\u00ee siya Xwed\u00ea dihatin d\u00eetin re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb man. Wan li ser r\u00eaze\u00e7iyay\u00ean Toros-Zagros rew\u015fek \u015ferek\u00ee domdar jiyan kirin. Ew xwediy\u00ea d\u00eerokek b\u00fbn ku bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena domdar a ji bo jiyan\u00ea ve hatib\u00fb n\u00ee\u015fankirin.<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee ku li jor hate gotin, be\u015fek gir\u00eeng \u00fb dir\u00eaj a d\u00eeroka Kurd d\u00eerokek ve\u015fart\u00ee ye. Div\u00ea ev perdeya li ser d\u00eeroka Kurd niha were rakirin. Em t\u00eakiliya Faris-Kurd di d\u00eerok\u00ea de wek\u00ee veguheztinek ji D\u00eeroka Proto-Kurd ber bi D\u00eerokek Ve\u015fart\u00ee ya Kurd p\u00eanase dikin. Dema ku em behsa d\u00eerokek ve\u015fart\u00ee ya Kurd dikin, em behsa veguher\u00eenek \u00eedeoloj\u00eek dikin ku ji dora 500 BZ \u00fb p\u00ea ve \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye. Ango, veguheztinek ji formasyonek li ser bingeha xw\u00een\u00ea ber bi yek li ser bingeha \u00eedeoloj\u00eek. P\u00ea\u015f\u00ee, Med wek\u00ee proto-Kurd heb\u00fbn. Dema ku Farisan ev serdem bi daw\u00ee an\u00een, hem veguher\u00eenek di kom\u00eenal\u00eetey\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb – kom\u00een\u00ean li ser bingeha \u00eedeoloj\u00eek p\u00ea\u015fve di\u00e7\u00fbn – \u00fb Faris her gav li p\u00ea\u015f b\u00fbn, dema ku Med her gav li pa\u015fperdey\u00ea b\u00fbn. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, d\u00eeroka Kurd-Fars\u00ee di rastiy\u00ea de d\u00eerokek Kurd e. Ev e ya ku em bi ve\u015fart\u00ee dib\u00eajin. Her \u00e7iqas Kurd her tim di r\u00eaza duyem\u00een de b\u00fbn, Faris her tim di r\u00eaza yekem de b\u00fbn. Ev rast\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide ka \u00e7i di qada \u00ceran\u00ea de 2500 sal in qewim\u00ee ye. D\u00eeroka Kurdan di d\u00eeroka Farisan de heye. Bi rast\u00ee, heb\u00fbna Part \u00fb Sasaniyan li \u00ceran\u00ea bi saya Kurdan e. \u00c7awa ku d\u00eeroka Tirkiyey\u00ea b\u00eay\u00ee Kurdan nay\u00ea niv\u00eesandin, ev yek ji bo \u00ceran\u00ea j\u00ee h\u00een rasttir e. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, d\u00eeroka Farisan bi d\u00eeroka Kurdan re wekhev e. Em dikarin \u015fop\u00ean d\u00eeroka Kurdan di d\u00eeroka Farisan de bib\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Di Serdema Nav\u00een de, \u00ceslama Ereb derket hol\u00ea. Di bin siya \u00ceslama Ereb \u00fb sultaniyet\u00ea de, ji Emewiyan dest p\u00ea kir \u00fb bi Ebbasiyan berdewam kir, Kurdan heb\u00fbna xwe bi qas\u00ee p\u00eanc sed salan domandin. Wan qesr tij\u00ee kirin, b\u00fbn Ereb, l\u00ea di bingeh de Kurd b\u00fbn. Piraniya zanyar (ulema) Kurd b\u00fbn, \u00fb ev rew\u015f heta roja \u00eero j\u00ee berdewam dike.<\/p>\n

Ya her\u00ee gir\u00eeng, sultan \u00fb hukumdar\u00ean Tirk, di berfirehb\u00fbna xwe ya destp\u00eak\u00ea ya ber bi Rojhilata Nav\u00een \u00fb Anatoliy\u00ea ve, xwe disp\u00earin hevpeyman\u00ean Kurdan. Komek li welat\u00ea xwe y\u00ea hezar sal\u00ee kom b\u00fb, dema ku ya din li \u015f\u00fbna Xiristiyan\u00ean li Anatoliy\u00ea kom b\u00fb. L\u00ea bel\u00ea, b\u00eay\u00ee pi\u015ftgiriya Kurdan ew nikarib\u00fbn v\u00ea yek\u00ea bikin.<\/p>\n

Alparslan wek\u00ee em\u00eerek\u00ee Kurd an sultanek\u00ee Kurd t\u00ea nas\u00een. Bi k\u00eaman\u00ee, em dikarin bib\u00eajin ku ev d\u00eerokek bi heman gir\u00eengiy\u00ea ye. Ev d\u00eerok hatiye tar\u00eekirin. Alparslan li Kurdistan\u00ea li hevalbendan digeriya da ku deriy\u00ean Anatoliy\u00ea veke. Dema ku amadekariya \u015eer\u00ea Manzikert\u00ea di sala 1071an de dikir, ew bi m\u00eerni\u015f\u00een \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean bih\u00eaz \u00ean Kurd \u00ean w\u00ea dem\u00ea re t\u00eakil\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f dixist. Di encam\u00ea de, w\u00ee hevalbend\u00ean ku l\u00ea digeriya di Sultanetiya Merwaniyan de, ku navenda w\u00ea li Meyafarq\u00een\u00ea (S\u00eelvan) b\u00fb, d\u00eet. W\u00ee her wiha h\u00eazek wekhev bi h\u00eaz\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean xwe ji gelek e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea kom kir. Berevaj\u00ee baweriya populer, \u015eer\u00ea Manzikert\u00ea li dij\u00ee \u00cemperatoriya B\u00eezans\u00ea ne ten\u00ea bi h\u00eaz\u00ean ku ji e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Tirk hatine komkirin, l\u00ea bi e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb m\u00eerekiy\u00ean Kurd \u00ean bi heman reng\u00ee bih\u00eaz ve hate kirin \u00fb bi ser ket. Dema ku em \u015eer\u00ea Manzikert\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee rast anal\u00eez bikin, mantiqa stratej\u00eek a bingeh\u00een di t\u00eakiliy\u00ean Kurd-Tirk de j\u00ee d\u00ea were f\u00eamkirin. Bi kurtas\u00ee, rew\u015f ev e: Kurdan ji bo parastin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fxistina heb\u00fbna xwe li dij\u00ee \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean ji rojava \u00fb bakur hewcey\u00ea hevalbend\u00ean bih\u00eaz b\u00fbn. Wan ev derfet di h\u00eaz\u00ean Ereb-\u00ceslam\u00ee de d\u00eetin. Heta hatina e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Tirk\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ea, yek ji sedem\u00ean sereke y\u00ean \u00ceslamb\u00fbna wan a bilez, li gor\u00ee t\u00eakiliy\u00ean ku wan bi h\u00eaz\u00ean Ereb re p\u00ea\u015fxistin, ev hewcedariya ewlehiy\u00ea b\u00fb. P\u00eadiviya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Tirk\u00ee ji bo welatek\u00ee n\u00fb d\u00ea an wan ber bi \u015fer\u00ea li dij\u00ee Kurdan ve bibe, bibin h\u00eazek dagirker, an j\u00ee, heke ev ne mimkun b\u00fbya, hevpeymaniyek \u00e7\u00eabikira \u00fb \u00cemperatoriya B\u00eezans\u00ea ber bi rojava ve biki\u015fanda, ji bo xwe wargehan ava bikira. Her du al\u00ee j\u00ee bi v\u00ea mantiqa stratej\u00eek ketin \u015eer\u00ea Manzikert\u00ea. Ev \u015fer bi tevah\u00ee \u015ferek\u00ee hevbe\u015f \u00ea Kurd \u00fb Tirkan li dij\u00ee \u00cemperatoriya B\u00eezans\u00ea b\u00fb. Encam\u00ean v\u00ee \u015fer\u00ee e\u015fkere ne: deriy\u00ean Anatoliy\u00ea ji bo e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Tirk\u00ee veb\u00fbn, ku destp\u00eaka serdemek d\u00eerok\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan da. Ji h\u00eala din ve, Kurd ji h\u00eazek astengker ku bi sedsalan bi berdewam\u00ee wan zilm \u00fb zor\u00ea li wan kirib\u00fb, azad b\u00fbn. \u00ceslam di v\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ea de wek\u00ee \u00e7\u00eemento tevdigeriya. \u015eer\u00ea hevbe\u015f \u00ea ku di bin nav\u00ea \u00ceslam\u00ea de dihat me\u015fandin, di rastiy\u00ea de armanc ew b\u00fb ku heb\u00fbna du gelan bipar\u00eaze \u00fb p\u00ea\u015f bixe ku taybetmendiy\u00ean wan \u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee serdest b\u00fbn. T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn d\u00ea ji bo her du gelan j\u00ee w\u00ea dem\u00ea windakirina heb\u00fbna wan \u00fb pa\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn bib\u00fbya. D\u00eeroka ferm\u00ee her tim \u015eer\u00ea Manzikert\u00ea bi mezinb\u00fbna Sultan\u00ea Tirk ve gir\u00eadide, bi v\u00ee away\u00ee esl\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea rast\u00een vedi\u015f\u00eare. \u015eer\u00ea Manzikert\u00ea bi qas\u00ee ku ji bo Kurdan \u015ferek\u00ee ji bo Tirkan e, ewqas j\u00ee \u015ferek\u00ee ye. Rastiya ku di d\u00eeroka ferm\u00ee de nehatiye niv\u00eesandin v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea red nake. Her \u00e7end ji ber nakokiy\u00ean carinan t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fbbe j\u00ee, ev mentiq di t\u00eakiliy\u00ean Kurd-Tirk de d\u00ea heta roja \u00eero derbasdar bim\u00eene. Bi bicihb\u00fbna Tirkan li hundir\u00ea Anatoliy\u00ea, ev stratejiya n\u00fb d\u00ea her tim derbasdar bim\u00eene. Di dem\u00ean kr\u00eet\u00eek \u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ea de, her du h\u00eaz d\u00ea ji b\u00eer mekin ku ew ten\u00ea dikarin bi hev re tevbigerin. Ev mentiq d\u00ea her gav di Xanedaniya Ey\u00fbbiy\u00ean Kurd, li gelek m\u00eerekiy\u00ean Anatoliy\u00ea \u00fb di serdema Osmaniyan de bixebite. Dema ku em k\u00fbr li d\u00eerok\u00ea din\u00earin, em dib\u00eenin ku stratejiyek di\u015fibihe v\u00ea di navbera h\u00eaz\u00ean Anatoliya \u00fb Mezopotamyay\u00ea de ji t\u00eakiliy\u00ean H\u00eet\u00eet-M\u00eetan\u00ee ve xebitiye. Ev p\u00eawendiya navbera wan d\u00ea hem wek\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean gel\u00ear\u00ee \u00fb siv\u00eel \u00fb hem j\u00ee wek\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean serdest were jiy\u00een.<\/p>\n

Ev stratejiya parastin\u00ea ya hevpar d\u00ea ne ten\u00ea li dij\u00ee gef\u00ean ji rojava, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ji rojhilat \u00fb ba\u015f\u00fbr j\u00ee di meriyet\u00ea de be. Siltan\u00ea Osman\u00ee Sel\u00eem\u00ea Yekem bi modelek hevpeymaniy\u00ea ya di\u015fibihe berfirehb\u00fbna Xanedaniya Sefewiyan a \u00ceran\u00ea rawestand. Di heman dem\u00ea de, Sultanetiya Meml\u00fbkan, ku navenda w\u00ea li Misr\u00ea b\u00fb \u00fb ji ba\u015f\u00fbr ve p\u00ea\u015f ve di\u00e7\u00fb, j\u00ee ji h\u00eala hevpeymaniyek bi serokatiya \u00cedr\u00ees-\u00ee Bitl\u00ees\u00ee ve hate rawestandin \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea hate hilwe\u015fandin. Di \u015eer\u00ea \u00c7aldiran\u00ea de, ku li dij\u00ee berfirehb\u00fbna Xanedaniya Sefewiyan a \u00ceran\u00ea \u015fer kir, art\u00ea\u015fa Yavuz Sel\u00eem ji Yen\u00ee\u00e7eriyan b\u00eatir serok \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee y\u00ean Kurd dihew\u00eene. \u015eer bi r\u00eaya hevpeymaniyek Osman\u00ee-Kurd\u00ee (protokolek li Amasyay\u00ea di navbera Yavuz Sel\u00eem \u00fb 28 serok\u00ean Kurd de hate \u00eemzekirin) ji h\u00eala le\u015fker\u00ee ve hate qezenckirin. Dema ku serdestiya Meml\u00fbkan li Urfa \u00fb M\u00eard\u00een\u00ea t\u00ea hesibandin, em dib\u00eenin ku \u015eer\u00ea Merc Dabiq (n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee Heleb\u00ea li bakur\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea) xwed\u00ee karakterek di\u015fibihe hev b\u00fb. Pir rast\u00een \u00fb p\u00eaw\u00eest e ku meriv bizanibe ku her du \u015feran rolek stratej\u00eek a gir\u00eeng di heb\u00fbn \u00fb serxweb\u00fbna Kurdan de l\u00eestine. Dewleta Ey\u00fbb\u00ee, ku \u00e7avkaniya berxwedan\u00ea li dij\u00ee Xa\u00e7perestan b\u00fb, j\u00ee encama hevpeymaniyek Kurd-Tirk b\u00fb. H\u00eaza Ereban tuneb\u00fb ku li ber xwe bidin. Ji xel\u00eefetiyek sembol\u00eek w\u00eadetir tu h\u00eazek wan tuneb\u00fb. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, rasttir\u00een ew e ku \u015fer\u00ean ku di dema xanedaniy\u00ean Sel\u00e7\u00fbk\u00ee, Ey\u00fbb\u00ee \u00fb Osman\u00ee de li erdn\u00eegariya Kurdan hatine kirin, wek\u00ee \u015fer\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala Kurdan ve li dij\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean dagirker hatine kirin, werin hesibandin. B\u00eay\u00ee ku cewher\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ean ku Kurdan bi e\u015f\u00eer, m\u00eerekt\u00ee, sultanet \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Tirk re dan\u00eene bi awayek\u00ee rast were f\u00eamkirin, d\u00eeroka heb\u00fbna her du civakan bi awayek\u00ee rast nay\u00ea niv\u00eesandin. Gir\u00eeng e ku meriv f\u00eam bike ku pejirandina t\u00eakiliyek stratej\u00eek \u00fb tifaqek bi Tirkan re ne ji bo gefkirina heb\u00fbna wan bi r\u00eaya h\u00eaza le\u015fker\u00ee an as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea, l\u00ea ji bo xurtkirin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fxistina heb\u00fbna herduyan j\u00ee hatiye kirin. Ji ber ku Tirkek b\u00ea Kurd \u00fb Kurdek b\u00ea Tirk nikarin li Rojhilata Nav\u00een bij\u00een. Ji hev veqetandina herduyan t\u00ea wateya ku heb\u00fbna wan ji \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean ku armanc dikin tunekirin \u00fb w\u00earankirin xeternak e.<\/p>\n

Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea… D\u00eerokeke Tirk\u00ee b\u00ea Kurd \u00e7\u00eakir\u00ee, derew \u00fb tahr\u00eefkirinek e ku li dij\u00ee rastiya d\u00eerok\u00ee ye. Mirov nikare behsa heb\u00fbneke Tirk\u00ee b\u00ea Kurd bike. T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena me \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eakek heb\u00fbn\u00ee ye, l\u00ea dema ku em v\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea dime\u015f\u00eenin, em v\u00ea yek\u00ea b\u00eay\u00ee redkirina t\u00eakiliy\u00ean Tirk-Kurd, b\u00eay\u00ee ku bikevin nav \u00eenkar an neteweperestiy\u00ea, \u00fb bi r\u00eazgirtina li rastiya d\u00eerok\u00ee dikin. Kurdek\u00ee qels Tirkek\u00ee qels e. B\u00eay\u00ee ku bi Kurdan re tifaqek rast ava bike, mirov nikare li her\u00eam\u00ea bibe h\u00eazek bi bandor. Ziya G\u00f6kalp, bi t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina v\u00ea rastiya d\u00eerok\u00ee, gir\u00eengiyek taybet\u00ee dide t\u00eakiliy\u00ean Kurd-Tirk. Tifaqeke Kurd-Tirk d\u00ea hem berfirehb\u00fbna B\u00eezans\u00ea rawest\u00eene, hem j\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li Sefer\u00ean Xa\u00e7perestan bigire, \u00fb hem j\u00ee bic\u00eehb\u00fbna Tirkmenan li Anatoliy\u00ea, dewletb\u00fbna wan \u00fb veguher\u00eena wan bo \u00eemparatoriyek\u00ea gengaz bike. Bi zan\u00eena v\u00ea pa\u015fxaneya d\u00eerok\u00ee ya xurt, p\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku t\u00eakiliy\u00ean Kurd-Tirk li ser bingehek demokrat\u00eek ji n\u00fb ve werin organ\u00eezekirin \u00fb \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya wan a qan\u00fbn\u00ee were p\u00ea\u015fxistin. Heman mantiqa stratej\u00eek ji bo zihniyeta d\u00eerok\u00ee ya k\u00fbr a Tirkan j\u00ee derbas dibe. Bi awayek\u00ee objekt\u00eef, “fa\u015f\u00eezma Tirk\u00ea Sp\u00ee”, ku di sedsala daw\u00ee de ev mantiqa stratej\u00eek \u00fb p\u00eavajoya d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00eenkar kiriye, di niyet \u00fb prat\u00eek\u00ean komploy\u00ee y\u00ean li dij\u00ee her du \u00e7and\u00ean civak\u00ee de kok digire. Ferzkirina \u00eenkar, w\u00earankirin, as\u00eem\u00eelasyon \u00fb qirkirin\u00ea li ser t\u00eakiliy\u00ean ku ji destp\u00eaka xwe ve li ser v\u00ea bingeh\u00ea hatine avakirin, xiyaneta her\u00ee mezin a her du \u00e7and\u00ean civak\u00ee ye \u00fb d\u00ea bibe sedema windakirina wan a hevbe\u015f. Mustafa Kemal mirovek\u00ee maq\u00fbl b\u00fb. W\u00ee neteweperweriya Anatoliya \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea hemb\u00eaz kir. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea w\u00ee heta hin pev\u00e7\u00fbn bi Tirk\u00ean Ciwan re j\u00ee jiyan kir. W\u00ee li ser v\u00ea bingeh\u00ea Komar\u00ea damezrand. Ev yek maq\u00fbltir \u00fb real\u00eesttir derket. Tirk\u00ean Ciwan, bi retor\u00eeka xwe ya Pan-Turan\u00eest a \u00e7\u00eakir\u00ee \u00fb derew\u00een, \u00eemparatoriyek hilwe\u015fandin. Mustafa Kemal l\u00eeberal\u00eezma Br\u00eetan\u00ee, t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina kap\u00eetal\u00eezm\u00ea ya Br\u00eetan\u00ee, poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eezma \u00fb sosyolojiya Frans\u00ee, \u00fb dewletpar\u00eaz\u00ee \u00fb m\u00eel\u00eetar\u00eezma Alman\u00ee kir yek da ku siyaseta xwe p\u00ea\u015f bixe. W\u00ee kap\u00eetal\u00eezma Br\u00eetan\u00ee, Jakoben\u00eezma Frans\u00ee \u00fb \u00eedeal\u00eezma Alman\u00ee tevlihev kir. Komar berhema v\u00ea tevliheviy\u00ea ye \u00fb kap\u00eetal\u00eezma dewlet\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f xistiye. Di sala 1925an de, pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean Kurd \u00ean Br\u00eetan\u00ee \u00fb Stal\u00een\u00eest li hev kirin. Her duyan j\u00ee Kurdan wek\u00ee am\u00fbrek did\u00eetin \u00fb ji prat\u00eek \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean qirkirin\u00ea y\u00ean ku armanca wan jihol\u00earakirina nasnameya Kurd b\u00fbn b\u00eaxem man. Ev yek ji wan mijar\u00ean k\u00eam b\u00fb ku ev her du h\u00eaz\u00ean dijmin li ser li hev kirin.<\/p>\n

Rej\u00eema ku li Tirkiyey\u00ea hatiye damezrandin wek\u00ee komar t\u00ea binavkirin, l\u00ea di bingeh de, ew ne s\u00eestemeke komarpar\u00eaz\u00ee ye \u00fb ne j\u00ee s\u00eestemeke dewlet\u00ea ye. Dewletek xwed\u00ee r\u00eagez, saz\u00ee \u00fb mantiqek e ku w\u00ea gir\u00eadide \u00fb s\u00eenordar dike. L\u00eabel\u00ea, s\u00eestema dewleta Tirkiyey\u00ea rej\u00eemeke \u015fer e ku li ser qirkirina Kurdan hatiye avakirin. Qirkirina Kurdan di r\u00eaza yekem a prens\u00eeb\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean damezr\u00eener de ye. Pi\u015ft\u00ee darvekirina \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed di sala 1925an de, bala xwe da ser Hesen Xeyr\u00ee \u00fb kes\u00ean xwed\u00ee \u00eedeolojiy\u00ean wekhev. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ti\u015ft\u00ea ku wan kir hedef ne rad\u00eekal\u00eezma wan b\u00fb. Armanca wan yek\u00eetiya di navbera Kurdan de b\u00fb. Ji ber ku ew xwed\u00ee v\u00ea \u00eedeolojiy\u00ea b\u00fbn, ew hatin hedefgirtin. Ber\u00ee ku Seyit Riza were darvekirin, ew bi Mustafa Kemal re civiya. Armanca v\u00ea civ\u00een\u00ea ew b\u00fb ku ew po\u015fmaniya xwe \u00eet\u00eeraf bike \u00fb d\u00fbv re w\u00ee darve bikin. Wan xwest pi\u015ft\u00ee ku ew po\u015fmaniya xwe \u00eet\u00eeraf bike, w\u00ee darve bikin. Gotin\u00ean daw\u00ee y\u00ean Seyit Riza t\u00eane zan\u00een. Ew bi diz\u00ee birin Elez\u00eez\u00ea \u00fb li \u00eestasyona tr\u00ean\u00ea bi w\u00ee re civiyan. J\u00ea re hat gotin: “Careke din qet behsa Kurdb\u00fbn\u00ea neke, qeb\u00fbl bike ku D\u00earsim axa Tirkiyey\u00ea ye, \u00fb em \u00ea te ef\u00fb bikin.” Dib\u00eajin eger ew xiyanet\u00ea li nasnameya xwe bike \u00fb xwe di \u00eenkarkirin\u00ea de bigire, ew \u00ea b\u00ea bex\u015fandin. Sey\u00eet Riza v\u00ea yek\u00ea qeb\u00fbl nake \u00fb ji nasnameya xwe pa\u015fve gav nav\u00eaje. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ew t\u00ea \u00eedamkirin. Bi rast\u00ee, heman r\u00eabaz ji bo Hesen Xeyr\u00ee \u00fb \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed j\u00ee t\u00ea sepandin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, s\u00eenordarkirina \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed \u00fb Sey\u00eet Riza di nav mezhebperestiy\u00ea de t\u00ea wateya xiyanetkirina helwesta wan a bi r\u00fbmet. Ew nikarin bi nasnamey\u00ean wek\u00ee ‘Neq\u015f\u00eebend\u00ee’ an ‘Elew\u00ee’ werin s\u00eenordarkirin \u00fb tahr\u00eefkirin. \u00cengil\u00eezan di karesat, komkuj\u00ee \u00fb qirkirin\u00ean Kurdan de di dused sal\u00ean daw\u00ee de roleke serdest l\u00eestin. \u00cengil\u00eezan di r\u00eakirina r\u00ea li ber Mustafa Kemal de j\u00ee rolek l\u00eestin. Dema ku \u00cengil\u00eezan d\u00eetin ku \u015fandeya \u015e\u00eax Mahmut Berzenc\u00ee \u00fb hik\u00fbmeta Enqer\u00ea dikarin li ser bingeha hevkar\u00ee \u00fb hevpeymaniya Kurd-Tirk yek\u00eet\u00eey\u00ea bi dest bixin, \u00fb ku ev rew\u015f dikare berjewendiy\u00ean wan \u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee bixe xeter\u00ea, di sala 1922an de bi Kemal\u00eestan re civiyan \u00fb r\u00ea li ber rej\u00eema n\u00fb ya komar\u00ee vekirin. Ji bo berjewendiy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean wek\u00ee M\u00fbsil-Kerk\u00fbk, \u00fb heta r\u00eaya ber bi Hindistan\u00ea ve, wan Peymana Sevr\u00ea terikandin. Her \u00e7end heta w\u00ea dem\u00ea \u00cengil\u00eezan Peymana Sevr\u00ea bi cih an\u00eeb\u00fbn j\u00ee, wan peyman terikand \u00fb dema ku d\u00eetin ku t\u00eakiliyeke n\u00fb ya Kurd-Tirk dikare berjewendiy\u00ean wan bixe xeterey\u00ea, tavil\u00ea pi\u015ftgiriya Yewnanistan\u00ea veki\u015fandin. Bi rast\u00ee, veki\u015fandina pi\u015ftgiriy\u00ea b\u00fb sedema t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb pa\u015fveki\u015fandina Yewnaniyan. B\u00ea guman, heta w\u00ea dem\u00ea, \u015eer\u00eef Pa\u015fa li Ewropay\u00ea hewldanan dikir. Konsolos\u00ea Stenbol\u00ea bi Sey\u00eet Abdulkad\u00eer \u00ea Komeleya Teal\u00ee ya Kurd re civiya; wan li ser otonom\u00ee, federasyon, an dewleteke bi\u00e7\u00fbk a her\u00eam\u00ee ya Kurd\u00ee n\u00eeqa\u015f kirin. Mustafa Kemal ev hem\u00fb d\u00eet \u00fb di bersiv\u00ea de bi Berzenc\u00ee re hevd\u00eetin kir. Li gor\u00ee armanc\u00ean xwe, bi Kurdan re di ast\u00ean c\u00fbda de t\u00eakil\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f xist. W\u00ee bi Sovyetan re j\u00ee peyman \u00e7\u00eakir \u00fb t\u00eakil\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f xist. W\u00ee bi Frans\u00eeyan re j\u00ee peymanek \u00eemze kir. Bi d\u00eetina v\u00ea yek\u00ea, \u00cengil\u00eezan tavil\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ean xwe bi Kurd, Yewnan\u00ee \u00fb Ermeniyan re bi daw\u00ee kirin \u00fb bi Mustafa Kemal re li hev kirin. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, wan bi tevah\u00ee \u00e7av\u00ean xwe ji komkujiya Kurdan re girtin. Di berd\u00eala v\u00ea de, wan komareke ku bi tevah\u00ee ji bo kap\u00eetal\u00eezm\u00ea vekir\u00ee ye, tev\u00ee hilwe\u015fandina sultanet \u00fb x\u00eelafet\u00ea, er\u00ea kir. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, ew \u00ea M\u00fbsil \u00fb Kerk\u00fbk j\u00ee ewle bikin. N\u00eaz\u00eekatiya hik\u00fbmeta hey\u00ee ya ji bo Kurdan b\u00ea bingehek felsef\u00ee an j\u00ee rasyonel e. Ew Kurdan wek \u00e7avkaniyek potansiyel a dengan, wek am\u00fbrek ji bo h\u00eaza xwe dib\u00eenin. N\u00eaz\u00eekatiya wan r\u00fbber\u00ee, pragmat\u00eek, kurt-d\u00eetbar \u00fb hesabker e. Bi rast\u00ee, ew bi xwe nizanin bi v\u00ea diyardey\u00ea \u00e7i bikin an j\u00ee div\u00ea \u00e7i bikin. Gotin\u00ean “Kurdek\u00ee \u00e7i ji betlaneyan dizane, ew bi \u015f\u00eer\u00ea \u015for vexwe,” \u00fb “\u00c7\u00eegan dil\u00eeze, Kurd direqise,” di rastiy\u00ea de doktr\u00eenek, perspekt\u00eefek in. Ew Kurdan wek ti\u015ftek\u00ee vala \u00fb qedand\u00ee, b\u00ea naverok p\u00eanase dikin. Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya wan a ji bo Kurdan e. L\u00eabel\u00ea, Kemal\u00eezm\u00ea di hundur\u00ea xwe de mantiqek, aqilmendiyek \u00fb siyasetek heb\u00fb. Her \u00e7end b\u00ea guman aliy\u00ean w\u00ea heb\u00fbn ku dikarin werin rexnekirin j\u00ee, mantiqek w\u00ea ya li ser modern\u00eeteya Rojavay\u00ee heb\u00fb. Kemal\u00eezm \u00eero ji hol\u00ea radibe. Hewldan\u00ean neokemal\u00eest hene, l\u00ea ne diyar e ka ew dikarin \u00e7areseriyek \u00e7\u00eabikin. Bingehek civak\u00ee-abor\u00ee an \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ku d\u00ea bibe sedema neteweperestiya burjuwa di nav Kurdan de p\u00ea\u015f neketiye. Br\u00eetan\u00eeyan ev bingeh d\u00eetin \u00fb hem pi\u015ftgir\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee h\u00eaviya xwe ji Kurdan ki\u015fandin. Her \u00e7end ew di nav Ereb, Tirk \u00fb heta li Afr\u00eekay\u00ea de di v\u00ea yek\u00ea de bi ser ketin j\u00ee, wan f\u00eam kir ku ew nikare di nav Kurdan de p\u00ea\u015f bikeve. \u00c7\u00eeneke bazirgan\u00ean Kurd, \u00e7\u00eeneke nav\u00een, p\u00ea\u015f neket; ew bi ten\u00ea tuneb\u00fb. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, neteweperwer\u00ee di dema serhildanan de p\u00ea\u015f neket. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew rastiyek b\u00fb ku serhildan ten\u00ea dema ku berjewendiy\u00ean malbat\u00ee \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee di bin gef\u00ea de b\u00fbn \u00e7\u00eadib\u00fbn. Wek\u00ee din, \u00e7\u00eena serdest xwe wek\u00ee Kurd nedid\u00eet; berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, wan heb\u00fbna xwe li ser bingeha \u00eenkarkirina xwe diparast. Wan xwe bi nasnamey\u00ean Faris, Ereb \u00fb Tirk nas kirin. Dema ku berjewendiy\u00ean wan di bin gef\u00ea de b\u00fbn, wan p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee serhildan kirin, d\u00fbv re pir z\u00fb n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee kes\u00ean ku li dij\u00ee wan serhildan kirin b\u00fbn \u00fb bi wan re hevkariy\u00ea kirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, \u00e7\u00eeneke civak\u00ee ya Kurd, \u00e7\u00eeneke bazirgan an \u00e7\u00eeneke rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee ava neb\u00fb. Pirsgir\u00eakeke cid\u00ee ya serokatiy\u00ea heb\u00fb. \u00cero, li dora pirsgir\u00eaka Kurd p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean gir\u00eeng diqewimin, \u00fb \u00ead\u00ee her kes dizane ku ev pirsgir\u00eak div\u00ea were \u00e7areser kirin. \u00c7ar n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee wek\u00ee model\u00ean \u00e7areseriy\u00ea t\u00eane behs kirin: ‘maf\u00ea \u00e7aren\u00fbs\u00ee y\u00ea neteweyan (RSLD)’, ‘xweseriya takekes\u00ee’, ‘xweseriya her\u00eam\u00ee’ \u00fb ‘xweseriya \u00e7and\u00ee’. P\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku ji van projeyek \u00e7areseriy\u00ea, sentezek derkeve hol\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Felsefe tam ji bo v\u00ea sedem\u00ea heye. D\u00eerok \u00fb sosyoloj\u00ee ji bo v\u00ea armanc\u00ea hene. Br\u00eetan\u00ee rew\u015fa pirsgir\u00eaka Kurd her\u00ee ba\u015f fam dikin. Wek\u00ee din, ew xweza \u00fb \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya v\u00ea pirsgir\u00eak\u00ea her\u00ee ba\u015f dizanin \u00fb ji wan haydar in. \u00cero, “\u00e7embera Br\u00eetan\u00ee” ya \u015fikest\u00ee – \u00e7ember \u00fb dafikek sed sal\u00ee – t\u00ea xwestin ku were vejandin. H\u00eamana sereke di \u015fer\u00ea li dij\u00ee Kurdan de Br\u00eetan\u00ee ne. Ev dih\u00eale ku ew li pi\u015ft perd\u00ea bim\u00eenin, \u00fb t\u00ea zan\u00een ku ten\u00ea di 15-20 sal\u00ean daw\u00ee de, wan 500 m\u00eelyar dolar ji Tirkiyey\u00ea ki\u015fandine London\u00ea di fa\u00eez\u00ea de. Ew dixwazin modelek p\u00ea\u015fve bibin ku t\u00ea de Kurd\u00ean ku di sedsala bor\u00ee de bir\u00eendar b\u00fbne, d\u00ea di v\u00ea sedsal\u00ea de d\u00eesa bir\u00eendar bibin. Ew dixwazin bi ki\u015fandina hik\u00fbmeta Tirkiyey\u00ea nav \u015fer, bi projey\u00ean m\u00eena plan\u00ean Biray\u00ean Misilman li S\u00fbriyey\u00ea, v\u00ea yek\u00ea bi dest bixin. M\u00eerni\u015f\u00eenek Hewl\u00ear\u00ea ji bo v\u00ea armanc\u00ea t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kirin. Kurdb\u00fbna xay\u00een-hevkar hesp\u00ea Trojan e. Ew hewl dide ku hem heb\u00fbn \u00fb hem j\u00ee \u00e7alakiy\u00ean hem\u00ee tevger\u00ean Kurd \u00ean li dervey\u00ee xwe ji hol\u00ea rake. Wan dixwest ku valahiya r\u00eabertiy\u00ea di nav Kurdan de bi van r\u00eaber\u00ean derew\u00een tij\u00ee bikin. Ew \u00e7\u00eenek serdest a feodal a kevne\u015fop\u00ee, hevkar, neteweperest a pr\u00eem\u00eet\u00eev, ferz dikin. Ew dewletek netewey\u00ee di bin kontrola dewleta fa\u015f\u00eest de dixwazin ku b\u00ear\u00eek\u00ean wan tij\u00ee bike. Ji bo pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean heb\u00fbn \u00fb azadiy\u00ea ti \u00e7areseriyek wan tune. Malbat\u00ee saziyek xwe-w\u00earankirin \u00fb xwe-w\u00earankirin\u00ea ye. Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya me de ew wekhev\u00ea Judenrat\u00ea ye. Ew saziyek e ku di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean biyoloj\u00eek de dixebite. Ew avahiyek xwe-xwar \u00fb xwe-w\u00earanker e. \u00c7anda Malbat\u00ee abor\u00ee \u00fb her ti\u015ft\u00ea din li Kurdistan\u00ea daqurtandiye. Malbat\u00ee malbata berfireh e. Ew malbata normal dihew\u00eene, l\u00ea nikare were k\u00eamkirin. Malbat\u00ee hem\u00ee h\u00eaz \u00fb \u00eestismar\u00ea digire. Ew p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li p\u00ea\u015fkeftina avakirina \u00e7\u00een\u00ea digire, xwe disp\u00eare saziya malbat\u00ea. Ew p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li neteweb\u00fbn\u00ea digire. Malbat\u00eezm \u00eedeolojiyek e; \u00eedeolojiyek \u00fb z\u00eehniyetek muhafezekar-reaksiyoner. Her Malbat\u00ee h\u00eaza xwe ava dike. Yewnaniyan j\u00ee her ku \u00e7\u00fbn bajar-dewlet ava kirin. L\u00ea di Malbat\u00eezm\u00ea de, r\u00eaxistinek siyas\u00ee ya mezin tune. Di \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea de, berjewendiy\u00ean teng \u00ean malbat\u00ea li ser her ti\u015ft\u00ee t\u00eane p\u00ea\u015fan\u00een. E\u015fkere ye ku bi v\u00ea celeb n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya malbat-esas ti\u015ftek nay\u00ea xilas kirin. Hin di hi\u015fmendiyek malbat-navend\u00ee de as\u00ea mane. Afir\u00eener\u00ee nikare ji nasnameyek sab\u00eet derkeve. Di v\u00ea qonax\u00ea de, rastiya gel \u00fb neteweya Kurd, cara yekem di d\u00eerok\u00ea de, gih\u00ee\u015ftiye qonaxa xwe ya her\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee ya hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea. Ya ku li vir di xeterey\u00ea de ye ev e ku rastiya t\u00earker an ne t\u00earker ji s\u00eenordarkirina bi hi\u015fmendiya komek an partiyek el\u00eet derbas b\u00fbye. Be\u015fa sereke ya rastiy\u00ea ji rastiya xwe wek\u00ee gel \u00fb neteweyek hi\u015fyar b\u00fbye. Niha neteweyek an gel heye ku xwe haydar kiriye. Netewe bi xwe, wek\u00ee t\u00eagehek, rew\u015fek hi\u015f\u00ea \u00eefade dike. Ji bo Kurdan, ev rew\u015fa hi\u015f\u00ea hatiye p\u00eakan\u00een. L\u00eabel\u00ea, em nikarin heman ti\u015ft\u00ee ji bo la\u015fkirin\u00ea bib\u00eajin. Ji ber ku jiyan ten\u00ea bi riya hi\u015f\u00ea nay\u00ea jiy\u00een, la\u015fkirin j\u00ee p\u00eakan\u00eenek gir\u00eeng e; ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ew rew\u015fek rastiy\u00ea \u00eefade dike. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ev rastiya ku derketiye hol\u00ea \u00fb xwe haydar kiriye, p\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku xwe li ser bingeha neteweyek demokrat\u00eek ava bike; ji bo v\u00ea yek\u00ea, p\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena siyas\u00ee ya demokrat\u00eek a p\u00eaw\u00eest li ser bingehek qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya berfireh \u00fb li ser bingeha parastina xwe bime\u015f\u00eene. Ev armanca bingeh\u00een a hewldan\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ee y\u00ean hey\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

7- Vej\u00eena Kurdan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rastiya ku bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena p\u00eanc\u00ee sal\u00ean daw\u00ee, ji sal\u00ean 1970\u2019an heta niha, derketiye hol\u00ea, qonaxek n\u00fb ye di d\u00eeroka Kurdistan\u00ea de. Ev p\u00eavajoya d\u00eerok\u00ee dikare wek\u00ee “D\u00eeroka Hemdem a Kurd” j\u00ee were binavkirin. Taybetmendiya bingeh\u00een a ku v\u00ea p\u00eavajoya d\u00eerok\u00ee, ku bi PKK\u00ea dest p\u00ea kir, ji y\u00ean ber\u00ee w\u00ea cuda dike, tevlihevkirina pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean \u00eenkar, w\u00earankirin \u00fb as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ji bo heb\u00fbn\u00ea re ye. PKK\u00ea bi destwerdanek rad\u00eekal a \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee di p\u00eavajoya tunekirin\u00ea de ev p\u00eavajo berevaj\u00ee kir.<\/p>\n

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Rastiya ku Kurdan di sal\u00ean 1970an de jiyan kir ev b\u00fb ku ew ji hemb\u00eazkirina xwe, nasnameya xwe, \u00e7anda xwe \u00fb d\u00eeroka xwe d\u00fbr ketine. Rastiya ku hem\u00ee serhildan\u00ean dused sal\u00ean daw\u00ee bi komkujiy\u00ean giran, sirg\u00fbn, zilm \u00fb cezayan bi daw\u00ee b\u00fbn, d\u00fbv re j\u00ee bi p\u00eakan\u00eena pol\u00eet\u00eekayek hilwe\u015f\u00eena abor\u00ee li erdn\u00eegariya Kurdistan\u00ea, ku Kurdan mehk\u00fbm\u00ee bir\u00e7\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea kir, tevna civak\u00ee ya li Kurdistan\u00ea hilwe\u015fand \u00fb b\u00fb sedem ku mirov ji bil\u00ee pi\u015ftgiriya malbat\u00ean xwe nikaribin li ser ti\u015ftek\u00ee din bifikirin. Rizgarkirina gel\u00ea Kurd ji v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea, r\u00eadana wan ji bo vegerandina heb\u00fbna xwe, ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda xwe, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek dijwar hewce kir. Gihi\u015ftina rew\u015fa niha bi berxwedana li zindanan, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena qehreman\u00ee ya ger\u00eelayan \u00fb berxwedana berfireh a serhildan\u00ea p\u00eak hat.<\/p>\n

Bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena 52 salan a serokatiya Tevgera Azadiya Kurd, prat\u00eeka rev\u00eena ji heb\u00fbna xwe di nav Kurdan de hate berevaj\u00eekirin \u00fb p\u00eavajoyek d\u00eerok\u00ee ya n\u00fb hate destp\u00eakirin. Bi saya v\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea b\u00fb ku Kurdan ne ten\u00ea heb\u00fbna xwe bi dest xistin, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ji h\u00eala tevahiya c\u00eehan\u00ea ve j\u00ee hate nas kirin. V\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea hi\u015ft ku Kurd wek\u00ee civatek netewey\u00ee li ser bingeha nirx\u00ean hevpar ji n\u00fb ve bibin yek; w\u00ea m\u00eerateyek d\u00eerok\u00ee afirand ku d\u00ea bingehek ji bo civaka Kurd peyda bike da ku di p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea de t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena xwe bidom\u00eene. Her \u00e7end PKK qeb\u00fblkirina heb\u00fbna Kurd misoger kir j\u00ee, w\u00ea r\u00ea li ber siyaseta demokrat\u00eek vekir \u00fb ji bo t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek demokrat\u00eek a hol\u00eest\u00eek komb\u00fbnek civak\u00ee ya gir\u00eeng peyda kir.<\/p>\n

Xala her\u00ee gir\u00eeng a ku div\u00ea were zan\u00een ev e: Bi saya v\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea, serokatiya PKK\u00ea, ji bo cara yekem di d\u00eerok\u00ea de, “Hi\u015f\u00ea Kurd” afirand. Hi\u015fmendiya kolekt\u00eef a civaka Kurd, ku hema hema bi tevah\u00ee belav b\u00fbb\u00fb \u00fb ji b\u00eera kolekt\u00eef hatib\u00fb j\u00eabirin, bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ku ji h\u00eala serokatiya PKK ve hatib\u00fb r\u00eavebirin, wek\u00ee hi\u015fmendiyek hevpar a Kurd ji n\u00fb ve hate \u015fekildan. Afirandina v\u00ea hi\u015fmendiya hevpar a Kurd b\u00eay\u00ee ku erk\u00ean dijwar \u00ean wek\u00ee \u015f\u00eerovekirina kevne\u015fopiya \u00e7and\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve, destn\u00ee\u015fankirina rast a pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee, destn\u00ee\u015fankirina nirx\u00ean hevpar \u00ean ku d\u00ea bibin sedema vej\u00een \u00fb yekb\u00fbna civak\u00ea, \u00fb formulekirin \u00fb qeb\u00fblkirina stratej\u00ee, takt\u00eek \u00fb armanc\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee y\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala civak\u00ea ve di c\u00eehana hemdem de hewce ne, bi serkeft\u00ee werin temam kirin ne mumkin b\u00fb. Bi r\u00eaya hewildan\u00ean piral\u00ee \u00fb anal\u00eez\u00ean k\u00fbr \u00fb berfireh, serokatiya PKK di afirandina hem x\u00eazek \u00eedeoloj\u00eek \u00fb hem j\u00ee hi\u015fmendiyek hevpar a Kurd de serket\u00ee b\u00fb. Dewlemendiya berhevkirina d\u00eerok\u00ee, t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina komunal, \u00e7and \u00fb nirxan di heb\u00fbna Kurd de heb\u00fbn\u00ean may\u00eende ne. Form\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ee di seranser\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea de her gav heb\u00fbnek komunal parastine. Di form\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee de, hevgirtina civak\u00ee, wekhev\u00eepar\u00eaz\u00ee \u00fb xweparastin \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean tevger\u00ea mane. Prat\u00eeka l\u00eager\u00eena penageh\u00ea li \u00e7iyayan di nav form\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee-qeb\u00eeley\u00ee de civaka Kurd kiriye yek ji wan gel\u00ean ku her\u00ee k\u00eam ji bandor\u00ean modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest bandor b\u00fbne. Her \u00e7iqas ji hilwe\u015fandina Konfederasyona Med ve h\u00eazek p\u00ea\u015feng tune be ku bikaribe yek\u00eetiya siyas\u00ee ji bo Kurdan p\u00eak b\u00eene j\u00ee, \u015fiyana wan a parastina heb\u00fbna xwe bi piran\u00ee bi avakirina formeke b\u00eahempa ya parastina xwe di forma e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee-qeb\u00eeley\u00ee de m\u00eerateya her\u00ee gir\u00eeng a T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena Azadiy\u00ea b\u00fbye.<\/p>\n

Kurd\u00ean ku heb\u00fbna xwe bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena PKK\u00ea bi dest xistine, niha bi berpirsiyariya misogerkirina azadiya w\u00ea heb\u00fbn\u00ea re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb ne. Azadiya heb\u00fbn\u00ea bi b\u00fby\u00eena dewletek netewey\u00ee nay\u00ea bidestxistin. Dewleta netewey\u00ee berevaj\u00ee xeta komunal a demokrat\u00eek \u00fb neteweya demokrat\u00eek a t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena azadiya Kurd e, \u00fb her weha bi \u00e7anda d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb karakter\u00ea civaka Kurd re ne lihevhat\u00ee ye. Di seranser\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea de, Kurdan her gav xwe ji zihniyet \u00fb \u015f\u00eawaza jiyan\u00ea ya dewletpar\u00eaz d\u00fbr xistine. Forma e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee-qeb\u00eeley\u00ee, ku bi piran\u00ee jiyana komunal tems\u00eel dike, bi hezaran salan di civaka Kurd de berdewam kiriye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, komunal\u00eete d\u00ea d\u00eesa di yekb\u00fbna civak\u00ea \u00fb bidestxistina heb\u00fbna xwe de rolek serdest bil\u00eeze.<\/p>\n

Ji \u00eero \u00fb p\u00ea ve, d\u00eeroka Kurd d\u00ea d\u00eeroka avakirina neteweyek demokrat\u00eek bi riya komunal\u00eeteya demokrat\u00eek be. Ev r\u00eaya her\u00ee guncaw e hem ji bo d\u00eerok, \u00e7and \u00fb tevna civak\u00ee ya Rojhilata Nav\u00een \u00fb hem j\u00ee ji bo karekter\u00ea civak\u00ee y\u00ea gel\u00ea Kurd.<\/p>\n

\u00a0JI BO BE\u015eA 1 BITIK\u00ceNE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0JI BO BE\u015eA 2 BITIK\u00ceNE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0JI BO BE\u015eA 3 BITIK\u00ceNE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0JI BO BE\u015eA 4 BITIK\u00ceNE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0JI BO BE\u015eA 5 BITIK\u00ceNE<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Naveda L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean Stratej\u00eek A Kurdistan\u00ea<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

RASTIYA KURD \u00db KURDISTAN\u00ca\u00a0 1- Heb\u00fbna Kurd \u00fb Dema W\u00ea Heb\u00fbn \u00fb hi\u015fmend\u00ee pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean her\u00ee bingeh\u00een \u00ean felsefey\u00ea ne. T\u00eageha heb\u00fbn\u00ea bi xwe h\u00een j\u00ee yek ji t\u00eageh\u00ean felsef\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00ee balk\u00ea\u015f e. T\u00eageha w\u00ea ya c\u00eaw\u00ee dem e. Herdu ji hev nay\u00ean veqetandin. \u00c7awa ku heb\u00fbn nikare wek\u00ee b\u00eadem were famkirin, dem j\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16557,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","jnews_video_option_group":[[]],"override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"archive-right","second_sidebar":"archive-right","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"float","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","show_comment_section":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_post_related":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":"Rastiya b\u00ea heq\u00eeqet rastiya razay\u00ee ye. Ti pirsgir\u00eakeke rastiya razay\u00ee n\u00eene. Heq\u00eeqet rew\u015fa \u015fiyarb\u00fby\u00ee ya rastiya razay\u00ee ye. Rew\u015fa xew\u00ea ya di derbar\u00ea Kurdan de ewqas k\u00fbr \u00fb n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee mirin\u00ea b\u00fb ku ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ji bo heq\u00eeqet\u00ea hat\u00ee day\u00een j\u00ee pir tevlihev \u00fb dijwar b\u00fb. Bi rast\u00ee, ten\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek \u00fb \u015ferek\u00ee ewqas tevlihev \u00fb dijwar, heq\u00eeqet\u00ean di derbar\u00ea rastiya Kurd \u00fb pirsgir\u00eaka wan de dest p\u00ea kirin derkevin hol\u00ea \u00fb r\u00ea li ber h\u00eaviyek azadiy\u00ea vekir."},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,13],"tags":[4655,637,467,33,4284,3593,4539,3908],"class_list":["post-16556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ozgurluk-perspektifleri","category-dizi-yazi","tag-besa-6","tag-dirok","tag-kurd","tag-kurdistan","tag-manifesto","tag-reber-apo","tag-tekosin","tag-tevgera-azadi"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16556"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16559,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16556\/revisions\/16559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}