M\u00eat\u00eenger\u00ee, ji serdestiya siyas\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee w\u00eadetir, avahiyek e ku di t\u00eakiliya di navbera kolonyal\u00eest \u00fb kolon\u00eezekir\u00ee de zirara k\u00fbr a ps\u00eekoloj\u00eek \u00fb epistemoloj\u00eek \u00e7\u00eadike. Berhem\u00ean Albert Memmi, Frantz Fanon, \u00fb Edward Said bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eestemat\u00eek bandora veguher\u00eener a v\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ea li ser subjekt\u00eev\u00eeteya her du aliyan e\u015fkere dikin. Ev gotar t\u00eageh\u00ean sereke y\u00ean van hers\u00ea ramanweran sentez dike da ku avahiya par\u00e7eb\u00fby\u00ee ya kesayetiya kolon\u00eezekir\u00ee, hest\u00ean navxwey\u00ee y\u00ean k\u00eamasiy\u00ea, xer\u00eebb\u00fbna \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean ps\u00eekoloj\u00eek \u00ean kolekt\u00eef anal\u00eez bike \u00fb d\u00fbv re v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea li ser n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean li dora m\u00eenakek hemdem – pirsgir\u00eaka Kurd li Tirkiyey\u00ea – bic\u00eeh t\u00eene.<\/p>\n
Memmi:<\/strong> Gir\u00eaday\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb Par\u00e7eb\u00fbna Nasnamey\u00ea di T\u00eakiliya Kolonyal de Di berhem\u00ean xwe y\u00ean Portrait du colonisateur \u00fb Portrait du colonis\u00e9 (1957) de, ew t\u00eakiliya kolonyal di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek gir\u00eaday\u00eeb\u00fbna diyalekt\u00eek\u00ee de dinirx\u00eene. M\u00eat\u00eenger (Kolonyal\u00eest), ji bo ku serdestiya xwe rewa bike, kolon\u00eezekir\u00ee di rew\u015fek ontoloj\u00eek\u00ee ya k\u00eamtir de dat\u00eene; l\u00eabel\u00ea, ev bicihkirin heb\u00fbna rast\u00een a kolon\u00eezeker j\u00ee xera dike. Ji bo kolon\u00eezekir\u00eeyan, rew\u015f xer\u00eebb\u00fbnek k\u00fbrtir e: kes\u00ea ku ziman, \u00e7and \u00fb pergala nirxan a kolonyal\u00eest di hundir\u00ea xwe de digire, ji m\u00eerata xwe ya \u00e7and\u00ee d\u00fbr dikeve. Ev dibe sedema “hi\u015fmendiya ducar\u00ee” \u00fb par\u00e7eb\u00fbna nasnamey\u00ea. Ev j\u00ee dibe sedema hilwe\u015f\u00eena kesayetiy\u00ea \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena civak\u00ee.<\/p>\n Di berhema xwe de, “\u00c7erm\u00ea Re\u015f, Maska Sp\u00ee”, Fanon kompleksa k\u00eamasiy\u00ea ya ku mijar, bi taybet\u00ee di r\u00eaza kolonyal\u00eest a nijadperest de, bi gir\u00eadana w\u00ea bi “nih\u00ear\u00eena y\u00ea din” a Lacan\u00ee re rave dike. Fanon ps\u00eekopatolojiya kolekt\u00eef a civaka kolonyal bi r\u00eaya dual\u00eezma Man\u00ee\u015fiyan vedikole. Li gor\u00ee Fanon, komb\u00fbna tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiya tepeserkir\u00ee dikare hem \u00e7avkaniyek berxwedan\u00ea ya w\u00earanker \u00fb hem j\u00ee potansiyel \u00e7avkaniyek katart\u00eek be.<\/p>\n Said, di berhema xwe ya “Oryantal\u00eezm” de, dib\u00eaje ku Rojava “Rojhilat” bi awayek\u00ee ava dike ku serdestiya xwe xurt dike, t\u00eakiliya di navbera Oryantal\u00eezm \u00fb Serdestiya Epistemoloj\u00eek de \u00e7areser dike. Ev gotar kolon\u00eezekir\u00ee ber bi xwendina d\u00eerok \u00fb nasnameya xwe ji perspekt\u00eefa “y\u00ea din” ve dibe, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee hegemonyaya \u00e7and\u00ee didom\u00eene.<\/p>\n Sentez: Taybetmendiy\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean kesayetiya M\u00eat\u00eenger (kolonyal)<\/strong><\/p>\n Dema ku perspekt\u00eef\u00ean hers\u00ea ramanweran t\u00eane berhev kirin, kesayetiya kolonyal bi h\u00eaman\u00ean j\u00ear\u00een t\u00ea p\u00eanase kirin: subjekt\u00eev\u00eeteya dabe\u015fkir\u00ee, k\u00eamas\u00ee \u00fb xer\u00eebb\u00fbna navxwey\u00ee, hilwe\u015f\u00eena hevbe\u015f, \u00e7erx\u00ean tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiy\u00ea \u00fb berdewamiya pi\u015ft\u00ee kolonyal\u00eezm\u00ea.<\/p>\n Bikaran\u00eenek Hemdem: Ew di avahiya civak\u00ee ya Kurd a li Tirkiyey\u00ea de t\u00ea sepandin! Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean li ser ps\u00eekolojiya kolonyal heq dikin ku di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya anal\u00eet\u00eek de werin \u00e7areser kirin.<\/p>\n Hin rew\u015fenb\u00eer \u00fb akadem\u00eesyen\u00ean Kurd li ser bingeha van rexneyan pirsgir\u00eaka Kurd \u00e7areser dikin \u00fb anal\u00eez dikin. Dewleta Tirkiyey\u00ea ji damezrandina Komar\u00ea ve pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean dewleta netewey\u00ee ya yekgirt\u00ee dime\u015f\u00eene \u00fb ne pir mimk\u00fbn xuya dike ku w\u00ea ev yek terikandiye.<\/p>\n Ji sal\u00ean 1920\u2019an \u00fb p\u00ea ve, \u00eenkara s\u00eestemat\u00eek a nasnameya Kurd li Komara Tirkiyey\u00ea (teza “Tirk\u00ean \u00c7iyay\u00ee”), s\u00eenorkirin\u00ean li ser karan\u00eena gi\u015ft\u00ee ya Kurd\u00ee, pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean ko\u00e7berkirina bi zor\u00ea \u00fb hewldan\u00ean as\u00eem\u00eelasyona \u00e7and\u00ee wek\u00ee celebek “kolonyal\u00eezma navxwey\u00ee” an “kolonyal\u00eezma netewey\u00ee” ya c\u00fbda ji kolonyal\u00eezma klas\u00eek t\u00eane \u015f\u00eerove kirin. Li gor\u00ee ramanger \u00eesma\u00eel Be\u015f\u00eek\u00e7\u00ee, her \u00e7end koloniy\u00ean klas\u00eek s\u00eenor \u00fb statuyek diyarkir\u00ee heb\u00fbn j\u00ee, rew\u015fa li Kurdistan\u00ea rew\u015fek b\u00eadewletb\u00fbn\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n Koloniya Navdewlet\u00ee: Dabe\u015fkirina Kurdistan\u00ea bo \u00e7ar be\u015fan, her be\u015fek di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean dewlet\u00ean cuda de ye (Tirkiye, Iraq, \u00ceran, S\u00fbriye), \u00fb kontrolkirina hevbe\u015f a her\u00eam\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea van dewletan ve bi r\u00eabaz\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb \u00eenkarkirin\u00ea v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene. Li gor\u00ee teza Be\u015f\u00eek\u00e7\u00ee: Kurdistan “Tewra Koloniyek N\u00eene”<\/p>\n Ew dib\u00eaje ku Kurd \u00fb Kurdistan b\u00eadewletb\u00fbnek h\u00een girantir ji ya koloniyek klas\u00eek dij\u00een \u00fb ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, “\u015firovekirina rew\u015fa Kurdistan\u00ea bi t\u00eageha koloniy\u00ea ne bes e. Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea, Kurdistan welatek\/gelek e ku heta nikare wek\u00ee koloniyek were hesibandin.” Li gor\u00ee Profesor Be\u015f\u00eek\u00e7\u00ee, dabe\u015fkirin \u00fb parvekirina Kurdistan\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea \u00e7ar dewletan ve Kurdistan\u00ea dixe kategoriya “bin-koloniy\u00ea”.<\/p>\n Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea ve, takekes\u00ee \u00fb civaka Kurd avahiyek civak\u00ee tems\u00eel dikin ku rast\u00ee par\u00e7eb\u00fbna nasnamey\u00ea, kompleksa k\u00eamasiy\u00ea \u00fb navxwey\u00eekirina rojhilatnas\u00ee t\u00ea.<\/p>\n Berivaniya ji ziman, \u00e7and \u00fb d\u00eeroka xwe; bicihkirina wek\u00ee “y\u00ea din” di gotara dewlet\u00ea de; \u00fb d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean el\u00eet\u00ean teql\u00eedkir\u00ee di ps\u00eekolojiya civak\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee ya Kurd de trawmay\u00ean k\u00fbr diafir\u00eenin. Ev wek\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena civak\u00ee \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena kesayetiy\u00ea xuya dike.<\/p>\n Derketin \u00fb berdewamiya tevger\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee y\u00ean m\u00eena PKK\u2019\u00ea li Kurdistan\u00ea di encama van pol\u00eet\u00eekayan de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb.<\/p>\n Ev rast\u00ee dikare wek\u00ee xuyangek dervey\u00ee ya tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiya dewlet\u00ea ya tepeserkir\u00ee were xwendin. Di heman dem\u00ea de, daxwaz\u00ean maf\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee (perwerdehiya ziman, n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean li ser xweseriy\u00ea) ji h\u00eala dewlet\u00ea ve hatine tepeserkirin \u00fb l\u00eager\u00een\u00ean weha wek\u00ee gef hatine kodkirin \u00fb wek\u00ee hincetek ji bo pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean \u00eenkar \u00fb as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea hatine bikar an\u00een.<\/p>\n L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev taybetmendiya “kolonyal\u00eezm\u00ea” bi tund\u00ee di akadem\u00eek \u00fb siyas\u00ee de t\u00ea n\u00eeqa\u015f kirin. N\u00ear\u00eena ferm\u00ee ya Komara Tirkiyey\u00ea \u00fb akadem\u00eesyen\u00ean ku teza ferm\u00ee ya dewleta Tirkiyey\u00ea dipar\u00eazin, hewl didin ku siyaseta \u00eenkar \u00fb tunekirin\u00ea bi pa\u015fguhkirina nif\u00fbsa Kurd di nav \u00eedeolojiya damezrandina dewlet\u00ea de b\u00eenin meriyet\u00ea.<\/p>\n Dewleta Tirk her tim pirsgir\u00eaka Kurd di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya teror\u00eezm\u00ea \u00fb wek\u00ee pirsgir\u00eakek ewlehiy\u00ea de \u00e7areser kiriye, di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean \u00eenkar, tunekirin \u00fb as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea de n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee w\u00ea b\u00fbye.<\/p>\n Di d\u00eerok\u00ea de, avahiya pir-etn\u00eek\u00ee ya ji \u00cemperatoriya Osman\u00ee m\u00eeras girtiye, bi avakirina dewletek netewey\u00ee ya homojen di Komar\u00ea de re li hev kiriye. Rastiya Kurd \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea qada her\u00ee germ \u00fb d\u00eenam\u00eek a v\u00ea pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea b\u00fbye. Bi taybet\u00ee di van salan de, zext \u00fb tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiya li ser ziman\u00ea Kurd\u00ee, digel pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean \u00eenkar, tunekirin \u00fb as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea, v\u00ea haw\u00eerdora tund\u00fbt\u00fbj \u00fb nakok ge\u015f kiriye.<\/p>\n T\u00eako\u015f\u00een \u00fb berxwedana li Kurdistan\u00ea, her \u00e7end qism\u00ee be j\u00ee, bingehek ji bo p\u00ea\u015fxistina hin n\u00eeqa\u015fan di nav siyaseta dewleta Tirk de di derbar\u00ea ziman, w\u00eaje \u00fb perwerdehiya Kurd\u00ee de peyda dike. L\u00eabel\u00ea, di siyaseta dewleta Tirk de guhertinek parad\u00eegmay\u00ea ber bi Kurdan ve \u00e7\u00eaneb\u00fbye.<\/p>\n Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, dewleta Tirk li dij\u00ee gel\u00ea Kurd pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean deformasyona ps\u00eekoloj\u00eek \u00fb dezenformasyona exlaq\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee p\u00eak t\u00eene. Ji aliy\u00ea dewleta Tirk ve, paranoyaya ewleh\u00ee-navend\u00ee \u00fb \u00eenkar; as\u00eem\u00eelasyon \u00fb siyaseta nasnamey\u00ean par\u00e7ekir\u00ee her tim wek\u00ee sedema serdest hatiye sepandin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, et\u00eeketa yekal\u00ee ya “siyaseta kolonyal\u00eest”, tevliheviya pirsgir\u00eak\u00ea \u00fb faktor\u00ean poz\u00eesyon \u00fb helwestgirtin\u00ea y\u00ean jeopol\u00eet\u00eek meseley\u00ea li ser erd\u00ea tevlihev kirine.<\/p>\n Gel\u00ea Kurd, bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena xwe ya ji bo azadiy\u00ea, di z\u00eehniyeta kolonyal\u00eest de \u015fikestin\u00ean gir\u00eeng \u00e7\u00eakirine, l\u00ea ji ber ku dewleta Tirk teza xwe ya kolonyal\u00eest \u00fb emperyal\u00eest bernedaye, ew li dij\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean ku d\u00ea li ser bingeha dekolon\u00eezasyon\u00ea li Kurdistan\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f bikevin, li ber xwe dide. Wek\u00ee ku Fanon destn\u00ee\u015fan kir, dekolon\u00eezasyon ne ten\u00ea naskirina mafan l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de azadiya hevbe\u015f a hi\u015fan \u00fb avakirina hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbnek hevpar j\u00ee hewce dike. B\u00eay\u00ee v\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ea, \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eaka Kurd \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea ne mumkin e.<\/p>\n Senteza Memmi, Fanon \u00fb Se\u00eed avahiya kolonyal\u00eest a hi\u015f-kolonyal\u00eezm\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee may\u00eende e\u015fkere dike. Pirsgir\u00eaka Kurd li Tirkiyey\u00ea dozek p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike ku hem s\u00eenorkirin\u00ean v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya teor\u00eek ron\u00ee dike \u00fb hem j\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Rizgariya rast\u00een ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya naskirina \u00e7and\u00ee, r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb avakirina hevbe\u015f a p\u00ea\u015ferojek hevpar, ji \u00e7areseriy\u00ean siyas\u00ee w\u00eadetir, dikare were bidestxistin.<\/p>\n