Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin son d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flikler, Cumhuriyet\u2019in kuruldu\u011fu ilk y\u0131llardan itibaren daha derinle\u015ftirilip bir sisteme ba\u011flanarak K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 yeniden i\u015fgal ve egemenlik alt\u0131nda tutman\u0131n temel bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi olarak devreye konulmu\u015ftur. 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flikler fiilen 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r fakat T.C. hukukundaki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 1952 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar korurlar. Tarihsel olarak 2. Abd\u00fclhamit devrinden 1952\u2019ye kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flikler, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Cumhuriyet\u2019e intikal eden bir yap\u0131lanma ve zihniyettir. Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fliklere d\u00f6nem ve \u015fartlara g\u00f6re, \u201cUmumi Valilik, Eyalet Valili\u011fi, Genel Valilik, Fevkalade Valilik, Hidivlik, B\u00f6lge Valili\u011fi, Genel Enspekt\u00f6rl\u00fck, \u0130nspekt\u00f6rl\u00fck, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flik ve Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik\u201d gibi adlar verilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca 1986\u2019 da Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da uygulanmaya konulup 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cOla\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal B\u00f6lge Valili\u011fi\u201dde Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6neme uyarlanm\u0131\u015f halidir. \u201cOla\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal B\u00f6lge Valili\u011fi\u201d kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra AKP K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da kendi valilerini olu\u015fturup ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerle donatmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 zihniyetin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imdir.<\/p>\n
Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fin Tarihsel Seyri-1<\/strong><\/p>\n Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik kavram\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ilk olarak II. Abd\u00fclhamit devrinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 ile Ermeniler aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sorunlar Berlin Kongresi (1878)\u2019nde ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Rusya ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin istekleri do\u011frultusunda Bakur\u00e9 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n alt\u0131 ilinde (Erzurum, Sivas, Van, Bitlis, Mamurt\u00fcl-aziz, Diyarbak\u0131r) \u0131slahat yap\u0131lmas\u0131 maksad\u0131yla b\u00f6lgeye bir tefti\u015f heyeti g\u00f6nderilir. Bu heyetle birlikte b\u00f6lgeye Ahmet \u015eakir Pa\u015fa Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015f olarak g\u00f6revlendirilir. Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerle donat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde olu\u015fturan Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fliklerin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir: Valiler ve Mutasarr\u0131flar, M\u00fcfetti\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131 sorumludur. Vilayetlerdeki her geli\u015fmeyi Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flere bildirmek zorundayd\u0131. Hatta en alt d\u00fczeyde bir memurun i\u015fe al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dahi M\u00fcfetti\u015f onay\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Islahat giri\u015fimlerini yak\u0131ndan izleyen yabanc\u0131 yetkililer de her ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flere bildirmek durumundayd\u0131. Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fler bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede orduyu harekete ge\u00e7irerek \u015fiddet kullanma yetkisine de sahiptiler. Ayr\u0131ca ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda istihbarat toplama, isk\u00e2n vb. bir\u00e7ok alanda da yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. K\u0131saca Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015f atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin tek hakimiydi, do\u011frudan Abd\u00fclhamit ve Bab-\u0131 Aliye kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olup onlara rapor verirdi.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde daha sonralar\u0131 Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fliklerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmay\u0131 esas al\u0131r. Bu kapsamda da 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rumeli b\u00f6lgesinde \u201cVilayet-i Selase\u201d ad\u0131nda bir Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik kurar. II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan sonra kald\u0131r\u0131lan umumi m\u00fcfetti\u015flik 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar g\u00fcndeme gelir. Ermeni halk\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131 devam etti\u011finden dolay\u0131 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda Bakur\u00e9 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da \u0131slahat yap\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan Uzun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden sonra 8 \u015eubat 1914 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Rusya aras\u0131nda umumi m\u00fcfetti\u015flik kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Yenik\u00f6y Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalan\u0131r. Antla\u015fmadan sonra b\u00f6lgede yap\u0131lan incelemenin ard\u0131ndan Erzurum, Trabzon ve Sivas illerinden olu\u015fan alana Hollandal\u0131 M. Westenenk, b\u00f6lgenin di\u011fer illerine de Norve\u00e7li Nicolas Hoff umumi m\u00fcfetti\u015f olarak atan\u0131r. Fakat bu iki m\u00fcfetti\u015f de Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 nedeniyle geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmalar\u0131 sonucu g\u00f6revleri son bulur.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi tekrardan aktif hale getirir. Bu y\u0131lda Erzincan, Van, Bitlis ve Erzurum\u2019dan olu\u015fan b\u00f6lgede \u201cVilayet-i M\u00fcstahsile M\u00fcfetti\u015fi Umumili\u011fi\u201d kurulur. Ba\u015f\u0131na da Tahsin Uzer getirilir. Fakat bir ay sonra Tahsin Uzer Suriye Valili\u011fine atan\u0131r ve onun yerine yeni bir atama yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik bu durumdan sonra kapanm\u0131\u015f olur. 28 Nisan 1920 tarihinde \u201cAnadolu Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi\u201d ad\u0131nda Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik uygulamas\u0131na yeniden d\u00f6n\u00fcl\u00fcr. 3 Kas\u0131m 1920\u2019de kapanan Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik tekrardan 1921\u2019de yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin ilk anayasas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde meydana gelen toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131 ile birlikte m\u00fcfetti\u015flik b\u00f6lgeleri olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. Her ne kadar Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin iste\u011fiyle Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flikler kurulmu\u015fsa da bu uygulamaya ge\u00e7i\u015f Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da i\u015fine gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 \u015fimdiye kadar tam anlam\u0131yla hakimiyet kuramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik yoluyla daha rahat h\u00e2kim olmay\u0131, iktidar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeyi, i\u015fgali derinle\u015ftirmeyi sa\u011flamak istiyordu. \u00a0Zaten Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fliklerin kuruldu\u011fu yerler Osmanl\u0131 zulm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 huzursuzlu\u011fun y\u00fckseldi\u011fi K\u00fcrdistan ve Rumeli b\u00f6lgeleridir. Osmanl\u0131 asayi\u015fi sa\u011flama, \u0131slahat yapma ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda buralarda devlet denetimini, halklar \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde de da\u011f\u0131lmakta olan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yar\u0131n: B\u00f6l\u00fcm-2 <\/strong>S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci T.C. D\u00f6neminde Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flikler<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Firaz GARZAN<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin son d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flikler, Cumhuriyet\u2019in kuruldu\u011fu ilk y\u0131llardan itibaren daha derinle\u015ftirilip bir sisteme ba\u011flanarak K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 yeniden i\u015fgal ve egemenlik alt\u0131nda tutman\u0131n temel bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi olarak devreye konulmu\u015ftur. 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flikler fiilen 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r fakat T.C. hukukundaki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 1952 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar korurlar. Tarihsel olarak 2. Abd\u00fclhamit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":12118,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"0","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirmalar"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12117"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12119,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12117\/revisions\/12119"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12118"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}